Scientism - Iyini? Kuyini scientism futhi antiscientism?

Isazi sefilosofi André Comté-Sponville owake wathi scientism - ". Umbhedo eyingozi" a Ingabe kuyiqiniso lokhu? Ukuthi kunjalo ngempela? Yiziphi izici eziyinhloko scientism futhi antiscientism? Ake sithole ukuthi kwakungani ngalokhu.

Scientism - ke ...

Ukuphela xv - ekuqaleni XVI eminyaka kwaziwa e-Europe njengoba Inkathi High Renaissance. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinto ezinkulu okutholakele womhlaba, kukhona amasiko kanye revolution ngokwesayensi. Izisekelo ezindala ebhidlikayo ezingqondweni zabantu, esikhundleni umbono omusha ngokuphelele kuwo wonke umhlaba osizungezile. Yingaleso sikhathi futhi lapho scientism.

Igama elithi livela lesiLatin elithi scientia, elisho Russian "isayensi eyisisekelo, ulwazi oluyisisekelo." Scientism - lo mhlaba, isayensi umthombo eyisisekelo ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba. Iningi ifinyelela ku XIX-XX eminyaka, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi revolution kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe.

Abasekeli umqondo kubhekwa natural sciences kanye lobuchwepheshe lesifanele kuphela eziveza iqiniso. Igama elithi "scientism" ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa engeyinhle linikeza umqondo baxgeki imibono. Ngokuphambene kulendawo lufakwa antiscientism ophika enyukele isayensi isikhundla sokuba inkolo, understating nekubaluleka kwalo esintwini.

Ingqikithi nomqondo

Inani eliphakeme ukuthi kuthatha scientism - isayensi. Kuyinto komthombo wolwazi lweqiniso, kunomthelela ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezibalulekile yomuntu. Lwati lolutfolakele ngezinye izindlela zingalungile nokuthi ezingelona iqiniso. Scientism - it is kuphela indlela okuqhutshwa ngemibono ongenawo okuhlala ethize futhi ecacile sezinkolelo.

Stsientisty babewahlonipha inqubekela-phambili yesayensi impumelelo. Nqaba nefilosofi njengoba indlela engcono ukufunda. Ngokusho kwabo, isayensi Eyenza Ukuphila Kube Nenjongo, ngokuphendula imibuzo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Uhlela ezweni elisizungezile, ukuze kwenza kube sobala futhi ihlelwe. Lokhu, kuholela empumelelweni. Stsientisty uyaqiniseka ukuthi ngetenhlalo nemagugu emasiko zivela isayensi. It abizele ukuthuthukiswa yabo. Abasekeli balobu nefilosofi akholelwa ukuthi zonke izici zokuphila okufanele ibe "onauchit" ukuphila yomphakathi kudingeka uthuthukise for akhe khe hle.

ukugxekwa

ngentuthuko Rapid zobuchwepheshe kungukuthi kuphela bahlonishwe, kodwa futhi bayesaba. Ngenxa ukuthandwa scientism kunesinye umqondo ukuthi kuphambene ngokuphelele kukho. abalandeli bakhe wahosha ulwazi kusuka imithombo: nefilosofi, ubuciko, inkolo. Antistsientisty ukwethemba isayensi ne kwenqatshwa, ethi ngokweqile yayo ungakwazi futhi ngenze umonakalo. Bakholelwa ukuthi abanye impumelelo kungaholela ekubhujisweni lwesintu, noma kumenze umonakalo ongalungiseki. Lokhu kungafaka, isibonelo, ukuthuthukiswa yesayensi yenuzi noma ukuthuthukiswa yokusansimbi sokungcolisa emkhathini.

Ukuguquguquka antistsientistov ezahlukene. Ezinye ezihlobene isayensi ngokuphelele aphikisanayo ukuthuthukiswa yayo ngokomthetho. Okunye esesilinganisweni. Bayavuma ukuba khona isayensi, kodwa khulisa indima yayo. Bona bayibheka njengelungelo osizayo kunokuba isici temkhakha ukuphila. Abaphikisi bathi scientism, umdlalo akuyona kuphela izibalo ezinembile indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni womuntu, kodwa futhi mathupha, imicabango yakho siqu futhi umuzwa.

isiphetho

Scientism futhi antiscientism nefilosofi isenzo njengoba amaphuzu amabili ephikisanayo. Isayensi ngempela lingakusiza ukuphila komuntu, ukuze uyenze ibe yimpumelelo futhi bechuma. Ngesikhathi esifanayo akufanele azixoshe nezinye izindawo ulwazi. Bobabili kwemvelo kukhona olukhulu ngokwanele futhi beqise. Abalandeli intuthuko kwakuvame ososayensi. Ngokwesibonelo, 'uRutherford wake wathi: "Isayensi sehlukaniswe physics kanye isitembu ukubuthwa." Ehlome ngamathuluzi okuthola kwesiqubulo esithi "Ulwazi - force" stsientisty esiqinisekisa omnipotence kanye nesidingo isayensi.

Kubaphikisi babo bakholelwa ukuthi ukuthuthukiswa lobuchwepheshe lemiphefumulo sintula. Ukulinganisa konke amafomula, izinombolo, ngeengaba, umuntu ulahlekelwa ingxenye okudala ukuphila, romance yayo futhi Ukungaqiniseki. Antistsienticheskie ukubukwa ingatholakala abalobi abaningi nakancane. Lezi amanoveli zivame ukuchazwa by izici ezingezinhle intuthuko, ngenxa okuyinto abantu balahlekelwe ubuntu babo futhi ukuzimela.