Shmidt Otto Yulevich: Biography, ukutholakala, izithombe

Shmidt Otto Yulevich - i umcwaningi esivelele North, isazi sezinkanyezi amaSoviet nasemakamu sezibalo, sikahulumeni kanye isibalo somphakathi, Hero kweSoviet Union, ifinyelele ukuqashelwa global emkhakheni ngokwesayensi.

Ekuqaleni ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezithakazelisayo

Ngubani u-Otto Yulevich Shmidt kanye umnikelo isayensi Soviet wenze lo muntu na? Wazalelwa umnqobi ikusasa emazweni enyakatho 30 Septhemba 1891 e Belarus (emzini Mogilev). Isifiso ulwazi kanye ilukuluku okukhulu Otto yabonisa kusuka ebuntwaneni. Butjhilweni umndeni wakhe bengonozulane kwaholela ezinguqukweni njalo izikole (Mogilev, Odessa, Kiev). Ngo-1909, u-Otto Shmidt Yulevich, ogama Umlando womuntu ophilako sibonelo esigqamile lokuzinikezela, wathola iziqu nge uzothatha indondo yegolide kusukela sokuzivocavoca classical ekhatsi Kiev, ke Physics and Mathematics Faculty of Moscow University. Njengoba umfundi ka-Otto waklonyeliswa umklomelo umsebenzi zezibalo. Ekupheleni sikhungo ngo-1913, insizwa ethile abanamakhono wasala UKULUNGISELELA professorship. umsebenzi Lobalulekile wezibalo kwaba wokulandisa "Imfundiso abstract amaqembu", eyanyatheliswa ngo-1916.

umsebenzi Schmidt walesi

Umsebenzi Otto Yulevicha - umsizi Uprofesa ethembisa - ngokushesha ezihambayo up. Nge amakhono yenhlangano, futhi ngenkuthalo iqhaza emisebenzini yomphakathi, le nsizwa wazibonisa e ezicini eziningi zokuphila. Yena eyingoduso ekuhlinzekeni zokudla futhi esebenza e-Ministry of the Yesikhashana Uhulumeni ukudla ke ikhanda yeHhovisi exchange of imikhiqizo, ngokulinganisa ucwaninga imithetho yenqubo ekushayweni.

Kusukela 20s Shmidt Otto Yulevich wafundisa izibalo imfundo ephakeme, futhi ngo-1929 walibangisa uMnyango-Algebra eMoscow University. Iningi ngempumelelo ukuvela emkhakheni wezemfundo: ukuhlela imfundo professional esesesikoleni intsha, wadala zobuciko, ukuhlinzeka uqeqesho abasebenzi izimboni kanye izitshalo, yena ngilunge lefundo ephakeme. Kwaba Otto Yulevich Shmidt (iminyaka yokuphila - 1891-1956) waqamba ziyasatshalalaiswa igama elithi "iziqu umfundi".

Sebenza on the Great Soviet Encyclopedia esichaza

Umlando iDemo Otto Shmidta ezithakazelisayo ngisho nasesizukulwaneni abasha, esimelela ekuqaleni ukuphila kanye nendlela, kanye nezinguquko mhlawumbe okukhulu. Ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe, ke kwamiswa ukushicilela indlu omkhulu, ogama Inhloso akukhona ngokuhweba, imfundo ukwenza izinhlangano zamasiko nezombusazwe. Isithelo sobunzima obukhulu futhi umzamo Otto Yulevicha - i-Great Soviet Encyclopedia, umsunguli kanye Umhleli oyinhloko wephephandaba ayezoba. Ekulungiseleleni edition multivolume yahlanganiswa imizamo eminingi izibalo kwamasiko nososayensi nge isithakazelo isidingo ushintsho sezenhlalo. izifundo okuqhubekayo ziye zaba nomthelela nesithakazelo esikhulayo izinkinga emlandweni wesayensi nesayensi yemvelo. Izinkulumo lemikhakha, kanye nezinye imibiko ngezindaba ezihlukahlukene ezithakazelisayo Schmidt wavela kaningi phambi ababukeli.

Otto Yulevich Shmidt: uhambo

Kusukela esemncane kwaze kwaba Schmidt ake waba nesifo sofuba, alole njalo ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi. Ngo-1924, usosayensi Soviet wanikezwa ithuba ukuze bathuthukise impilo yabo e-Austria. Kube Otto iziqu odlulayo izintaba esikoleni. Ukuba ngasekhanda kweSoviet-German eviyweni, ngo-1928, wafunda zamaqhwa Pamir. Ngakusasa iminyaka eyishumi kusukela ngo-1928 unikelwe cwaningo kanye nentuthuko e-Arctic.

Ngo-1929, i-ophihliza iqhwa "Sedov" kwamiswa uhambo Arctic safinyelela ngempumelelo Franz Josef Land. Leli chweba Thulile Schmidt wadala Polar Nomhlaba Observatory okwaxoxwa izwe besebunzimeni zonke kuleli qoqo leziqhingi. Ngo-1930, ngesikhathi uhambo lwesibili Kwatholakala iziqhingi + ngokungathi Isachenko, Wiese, Long, Voronin Ikhaya. Ngo-1932, i-ophihliza iqhwa "Siberians" ngokokuqala ngqa eyenziwa umsele navigation kusukela Arkhangelsk elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Inhloko bomkhankaso kwaba Shmidt Otto Yulevich.

Impumelelo bomkhankaso

Impumelelo bomkhankaso iye yaqinisekisa zibheke ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo ye-Arctic izinjongo zezomnotho. Ukuze ukusebenza nokusebenzisa wawuhlelwe yi-General Directorate of uMzila Wasolwandle OseNyakatho, induna okwakukhona Shmidt Otto Yulevich. Injongo lesikhungo ukuthuthukiswa umzila eziyinkimbinkimbi, imishini yayo lobuchwepheshe, ukutadisha izidubedube polar, inhlangano ucwaningo olunzulu. Ngasogwini quickened ukwakhiwa iziteshi sezulu linikwe umfutho omkhulu ukuze iqhwa shipbuilding, umsakazo kanye zezindiza polar.

insindiso Chelyuskinites

Ukuze uhlole ukuthi kungenzeka ezazihamba imikhumbi e-Arctic Ocean ngo-1933 kusuka "Sibiryakova" wathunyelwa ngesitimu "Chelyuskin" eliholwa Otto Yulevichem futhi V I. Voroninym. Lolu hambo yahanjelwa abantu ukuzibonakalisa ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi ababazi, okuhloswe ukuze kwakhiwe izindawo zokuhlala winterers. On Wrangel Isiqhingi obekumele umhlaba ubusika iqembu nemikhaya. Lolu hambo yaphela kakhulu: ngenxa imimoya enamandla nemisinga "Chelyuskin" wayengakwazi ukuphuma ePacific Ocean. Lo mkhumbi olwembiza ice, okuholela kucwila amahora amabili. abantu 104 stranded i floe ice, baphoqeleka ukuba bachithe izinyanga ezimbili ebusika polar, baze atakulwa izindiza. Bashayeli, owadubula kusukela Chelyuskinites ice floe, baba Heroes zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ezinsukwini yamuva ezimweni enyakatho Schmidt nabangenasihawu waphathwa ephathwa inyumoniya futhi wadluliselwa Alaska. Cure, eRussia wabuyela umlingisi edumile emhlabeni wonke. Imibiko wentuthuko engokwesayensi namathemba ayo esikhathi esizayo yentuthuko ye-Arctic expanses umcwaningi North Otto Yulevich Shmidt uvele eRussia nakwamanye amazwe. Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa waklonyeliswa Schmidt ngo-1937; usosayensi ngesikhathi, ihlelwe uhambo ukuze North Pole, inhloso okwakufanele udale isiteshi yobuleza khona.

hypothesis Cosmogonic Schmidt

Phakathi nawo-40s Schmidt esebeké phambili umbono ocatshangelwayo entsha cosmogonic mayelana nokubonakala Umhlaba namaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi lezi zindikimba ayengeyona ashisayo amagesi imigwamanda kanye kumiswa kanzima, izinhlayiya ezibandayo ndaba. Ukuthuthukiswa le nguqulo Shmidt Otto Yulevich waqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekupheleni kokuphila, kanye iqembu lososayensi Soviet.

isifo Schmidt sika

Phakathi neMpi Omkhulu Patriotic, Shmidt Otto Yulevich, ogama biography yisibonelo umholi weqiniso, wahola inqubo baphume, wacela imisebenzi izikhungo zezemfundo e isimo esisha ezweni. Kusukela nobusika 1943 sofuba ayekhula, ezithinta wonke umzimba. Otto Yulevichu odokotela ngezikhathi sinqatshiwe ukukhuluma; it is ngokuvamile baphathwe makhaya, futhi zokuphila kwakhe iminyaka yokugcina kwakucishe esembhedeni ngenxa yokugula. Kodwa nganoma yimuphi umzuzu ukuthuthukisa isimo sakhe, wazikhandla, futhi ngisho ozongitshela e Leningrad naseMoscow. Otto wafa 7 Septhemba 1956 at dacha kwakhe Masing, eduze Zvenigorod.

Shmidt Otto Yulevich: Managing

Life Otto Yulevicha Shmidta dazzled ematfuba abukhali: kusukela izibalo, kwaphenduka isikhulu sikahulumeni. Ngokulandelayo, wathwalwa yizingelosi ukudalwa encyclopedia, bese baba isihambi-iphayona. Ezinye zezenzakalo emphilweni lo muntu omkhulu senzeka ngentando yakhe, omunye - by nje ukuqondana kwezinto. Otto Yulevich Shmidt, biography kabani iDemo isizukulwane yesimanje iyisibonelo esivelele, ubelokhu wasebenza ngamandla, ngempumelelo enkulu, hhayi avume ukuphumula kancane. Kwaba nomthelela kule nkinga erudition, ilukuluku ngokungakhathali, ukuzithiba emsebenzini, bacabanga ecacile ukucabanga, ikhono ukugqamisa imininingwane ebalulekile ku ngemuva jikelele multi-tasking, umbuso wentando yeningi ebuhlotsheni babantu ikhono ukubambisana nabanye.

Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, lesi sifo agqashule ekusebenzelaneni nabantu lokhu, lokuxoxa siyajabulisa behlakaniphile, indoda amandla esisuka yokudala, ejwayele umkhuba yomsebenzi womphakathi. Otto Yulevich Shmidt, Biography emfushane lapho sivuse isithakazelo lesi sizukulwane esisha, ungalilahli ithemba: kusenzima eziningi ukufundwa. Ukwazi mayelana ukuwa kwakhe osekuseduze, washiya ukuphila ngokuhlakanipha nangesithunzi. Otto Yurevich wangcwatshwa Novodevichy emathuneni. Imemori yale ndoda nge capital immortalized ukushicilelwa imisebenzi akhethiwe, ukwabela igama layo inhlonhlo ogwini ka amaChukchi Sea, Peninsula, Novaya Zemlya isiqhingi Kara Sea, pass, omunye iziqongo ku Pamir Izintaba, kanye Institute of Physics Zomhlaba.