Grays Hopper: Biography, umnikelo isayensi

Sezibalo, Innovator, usosayensi, futhi lona wesifazane kuphela wakwazi ukudlula isikhulu endala emlandweni US Navy - lokhu kwaba Umusa Murray Hopper. Biography emfushane ke izokwethulwa ukunakwa kwakho ngezansi. Bambalwa abesifazane wakwazi iholele Navy, ngisho worthy of inombolo ezinjalo esidumisa futhi imiklomelo. Ngo Hopper kwenzekile lokhu. Ngo umhlalaphansi walishiya Agasti 14, 1986 eneminyaka engu-engu-79.

Ngaphezu impumelelo emkhakheni lempi, Hopper eyaduma nokwasungulwa emkhakheni we umkhakha ikhompyutha. Ngoba wenzile umsebenzi nokubambisana indalo nge UNIVAC-1, owokuqala emlandweni yekhompyutha ezenzakalelayo, omunye Abadali COBOL ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo, i Innovator ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe computer eziphambili, futhi uye waba sezibalo oluvelele.

Hlangana Grays Hopper

Hopper kwaba kakhulu indoda ukwahlukahlukana. Njengoba umfundi Vassarovskogo ubuciko ekolishi (vassar ekolishi), kamuva lapho wayesifundisa izibalo, Grays Hopper waba impohlo. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, wayeseke wathola iziqu zeMasters kusukela Yale University futhi ngemva kweminyaka emine - Doctor of Philosophy. Futhi ngo-1943, yena udumo kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe samanje Navy. Ngemva konyaka, yena unikelwa lesikhulu sombutho futhi wamema ngokubambisana okwengeziwe eHarvard University, lapho yena kamuva waqala umsebenzi wokuqala electronic Computing umshini "UMarku-1".

yesakhi noMdali

Futhi ngo-1949, wahlanganyela ukuthuthukiswa nokudalwa ikhompyutha ngaphansi kwegama «UNIVAC-1" sikanye Eckert futhi Mauchly. Eyokuqala ngubani ukusikisela umqondo ukuhlela uhlelo of ukulandelana ezilandelanayo imiyalelo, ngokuthi subroutines, kwaba Grays Hopper. Iqhaza isayensi engenakulinganiswa yayo. On top of ukuthi yena eyingoduso ekuthuthukisweni kanye ngowokuqala emlandweni Uhlelo yesakhi. Wakwazi ukuthola onkhe repository ukudala nabo uhlelo ngomumo eyenziwe ohlelweni kanambambili, okuzokwenza kuqondwe ikhompyutha.

Grays Hopper waqhubeka esebenza e-inkampani futhi emva uxhumano aso "Remington Rand" ngo-1951 futhi ne "Sperry Rand Corporation" ngo-1955.

Ngonyaka olandelayo, ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe, umnyango ukhiphe uhlelo lokuqala commercial, ukuhlanganisa - Flow-Matic.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile enquma sokwesula inkonzo, kodwa emsebenzini ngonyaka ozayo futhi akhumbuze yena. Mpunga uyaphindela ukuze elifanele Navy ulimi computer izinhlelo.

Wayebe baya umhlalaphansi kahle deserved ngo-1986, esalele ukusebenza isikhulu Navy. Umusa wafa-January 1, 1992 e Arlington, Virginia.

Othisha e amatilosi

Owesifazane emkhunjini - enkingeni. Ngakho uthi saga owaziwa, kodwa abadumile Grays Hopper wakwazi ekuphikiseni lokhu siphakamiso. Waphenduka badinga ukunconywa yokungcwaba ozakwabo lemikhumbi yempi, bese isihloko US Navy uLieutenant.

Isifiso sakhe uzoshiya emkhunjini Umusa alichaza ufuzo. Umkhulu wakhe bakhonza njengendikimba Admiral engemuva yemikhumbi, futhi sebuthweni ukuba abe into yokuthathwa kalula.

Umzamo wokuqala ukuba singangeni ngenkani service yaphenduka ukwehluleka. Ngenxa mncane evelele kanye nobudala, bese uGrace uNkulnkulu 37 ubudala, ayiyitholanga. Kodwa umkhuba isipele Hopper awuzange waphawula, futhi okwesibili namanje wathatha ngoxhaxha ngokuthumela i-waqeqeshwa ugunyaza esikoleni. Lokhu uyaluqeda nge "lemihle kakhulu", kudlule ukuze best iziqu ezikoleni.

Ngaphakathi kwezindonga waseHarvard

Ngesikhathi sempi, ibutho yayidinga Izimpumelelo entsha. Kodwa lo yinkimbinkimbi izibalo ukugxambukela usosayensi ukuqaphela imibono. Kwaba inqubo kubuhlungu futhi eyisicefe ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esiningi nomzamo omkhulu. Khona-ke nje kwadingeka umbono yokudala amakhompyutha ngokuzenzakalela electronic, okwakukhona kulo okhokho oqondile lwamakhompyutha lanamuhla.

WaseHarvard University isibe yiyo eshayeka kanzima ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa kwamaphrojekthi wamukela ukuze sicatshangelwe. Kukulo muzi lapho, ngaphansi kokuqondisa Howard Aiken, futhi kanye IBM evuthiwe US computer yokuqala ngqa ngaphansi kwegama elithi "UMarku 1", okwakubekelwa bedele okuningi imali. Lo mshini uyakwazi ukwenza ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokungeza amaqembu amathathu noma nekususa ngomzuzwana. Lo mphumela ubizwa kufanele bafanele ngokokuqala. "UMarku-1" kungazelelwe indawo umsebenzi eside futhi onzima for opharetha engaphezu kwamashumi amabili ezingase kahle indlela osebenza ngayo.

Umsebenzi eHarvard omnene Grays Hopper. Ngizibekela phezu kwamahlombe akhe wemfanelo omkhulu, ngenxa izinga kanye Ukwenza intuthuko eqhubekayo kwakuxhomeke ikusasa leNingizimu Afrika. Kwakungelona nje onguchwepheshe ukuthuthukiswa kwama-computer, futhi Innovator emkhakheni kolwazi nobuchwepheshe.

Ukuphila "isakhamuzi"

1946 wazibonakalisa soshintsho Hopper. Ngenxa yobudala wayiswa ubuholi base-Navy Reserve kanye cishe enqatshelwa inkonzo yezempi, okuyiwona wona uye wafuna isikhathi eside kangaka. Kwakuyisikhathi ukushaqeka sangempela uGrace ezingasehlela akuyona indlela engcono abathintekayo impilo ngokwengqondo. Hopper Uzame lokuthola ukuthula utshwala, okuyiwona waze ngokuphindiwe isigcinwa esitokisini ukutholakala edle amanzi amponjwana. Noma kunjalo, wakwazi ukusho Some kulo mkhuba namabutho entsha ukuthatha umsebenzi.

umoya Namandla yowesifazane onekhono ukudonsa ngokwami ndawonye, naphezu kwezimo, lokhu kwaba Grays Myurrey Hopper. okusungulile eyisisekelo ke - ukuthuthukiswa yesakhi kanye kudalwa omunye omdala izilimi izinhlelo COBOL, kuza nje kulesi sikhathi. Phela, sibonga computer yakhe yesimanje ziyakwazi ukuqonda multi-level izilimi izinhlelo, abantu abangaphezu kuka-ikhodi umshini.

Indawo emlandweni

Elokuqala, ubani siguqulwe ikhompyutha kusuka kukhompyutha omkhulu into abafaneleka kangcono sokufeza ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi ngesikhathi esifanayo, uye waba iphayona embonini ikhompyutha - Grays Hopper. Izithombe i-computer yokuqala, okuyinto umxhwele ngobukhulu wokubala, uhambo emhlabeni iziqu zokuqala ikhishwa uma abezindaba.

Umusa nomuzwa wokuthi ikhompyutha kufanele 'baqhubeke nengxoxo, "hhayi labo futhi amaqanda, futhi ngosizo olimini lwesiNgisi livela kwelesiLatini. Wakwazi ukuvikela imibono yabo nge impi, ngomqondo truest izwi. Bekufuze ngokuphelele ukushintsha imibono ekhona ubunjalo computer, kwakunzima kakhulu ibutho ukuba wonke umuntu. ingqondo olunamandla nokukhathalela yonke into eziyibonayo, ulwazi lebhizinisi uyogcina ukusiza Hopper ukukholisa nozakwethu ngokunemba.

Ngemva kokuyeka isevisi Umusa ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa iqhaza ekuthuthukisweni ikhompuyutha, omunye Ochwepheshe abahlonishwa kakhulu emphakathini ngokwesayensi. Ngo-1959 yena lacelwa ukuba lisize elifanele ulimi lokwakha izinhlelo Navy COBOL. Naphezu umnikelo enjalo ephawulekayo ensimini ubuchwepheshe bama-computer, uGrace neze azungeze ngokwabo nokubingelela wenkazimulo, ucabangela impumelelo yakhe nje yisikhohliso.

Buyela njengoba umcwaningi

Ngemva osenyameni yakhe kusukela kusevisi ngo-1966, uGrace waqokwa ikhanda leqembu labacwaningi ukubhekana nezinkinga esiphuthumayo emkhakheni izilimi izinhlelo. Naphezu yobudala bakhe abasha, is ayisekho, uGrace futhi ngokushesha baqala ukusebenza. Wayezimisele ukuchitha izinsuku ezingaki nobusuku obungaki khona. Okunjalo lona wesifazane omkhulu - Grays Hopper. Biography emfushane sokuthuthuka emkhakheni lempi angeke sehluleke umxhwele. Futhi isibalo ezisunguliwe izohamba akekho ngabandayo - wayengenazo alinganayo emkhakheni ubuchwepheshe bama-computer. Phakathi leli qembu elihlolayo, waqhubeka ngentshiseko elifanele COBOL.

Ukushiya isevisi

Wayeka ngo-1986, ngokuba esikhundleni engemuva Admiral, efana umkhulu wakhe. Ukuze wakhe baye bafune Council isinyathelo amatilosi Hustlers endaweni izilimi izinhlelo. Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe ezimibalabala wanikezela ukuba sombuso, enze isethulo eyunivesithi. Yena kalula ephethwe ukuze uthole ukwethenjwa izilaleli abasha bese empeleni uba isithombe ubuso kwentsha. Hopper wasebenza ukuze kuzuze umphakathi esikhathini esizayo, sokuba Innovator brilliant ensimini yayo futhi uye wathola imiklomelo eminingi. Umklomelo eyigugu ngaphezu kwazo zonke uye walungisa ukuphila kwakhe, uGrace wacabanga inkonzo Navy.

Ekuphetheni

Ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi "unina" computer. January 1, 1992 washiya leli zwe iwine eziningi imiklomelo nokubonwa kusukela zomphakathi ezidumile owesifazane itilosi - Grays Hopper. Biography wakhe umxhwele, ezitusekayo. Ukuze kaningi lithathwa njengenye umeluleki IBamba boss we Navy, okungaba yokuziqhenya ngayo "Amazing Grace", behlonipha okuyinto ngumbhubhisi USS Hopper okwakuthiwa u super-Ministry of Energy nekhompyutha. Kwabaningi, kuze kube yilolu suku yena kuthiwa isithixo futhi umuntu oyisibonelo.