Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich: Biography, tinchubo yesayensi, izimpumelelo amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Ngubani Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich kuka yaziwa, ayephila kuso futhi okwakufanele bakwazi ukufeza? Ezweni yesayensi kwakuyodingeka ngokushesha etshelwa ukuthi kuyinto - i sezibalo ezivelele unjiniyela, owachitha konke ukuphila kwakhe, kodwa futhi wadala omningi abathintekayo ekufundiseni kanye nemisebenzi yomphakathi, wayeziqhenya yokuthi abahlala eRussia.

Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev: Biography

Ngo-1900, Kazan wazalwa sezibalo esidumile Mikhail Lavrentiev. Uyise wayengumfundisi uthisha wezibalo esikoleni lobuchwepheshe. Khona-ke u-Alexei Lavrentiev baba UProfesa Bezobunjiniyela ngesikhathi Kazan University, bese ngesikhathi Moscow State University.

imfundo yesibili iyona Michael esincane sasikanye e esikoleni Kazan, wangena State University ngo-1918, futhi ngemva kweminyaka emibili idluliselwe eMoscow - khono physico-zezibalo, okuyinto wathola iziqu ngo-1922. Ngemva kokuphela sinqume ukuqhubeka nemfundo yabo iziqu esikoleni futhi bahlala iminyaka emithathu. Ezemfundo igcwaliswe mqondo futhi ukuthola degree of Akhethwe of Sciences Physical futhi Mathematical. Ngemva kwalokho, izinyanga eziyisithupha ngezebhizinisi eFrance, futhi ukuze bathuthukise ulwazi lwabo, ukushintshana nakho nozakwethu angaphandle (Denjoy, Hadamard, Montel nabanye).

Kusukela ngo-1948 kuya ku-1951, owokuqala ngemva Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich wabuyela eMoscow kusukela Kiev, waba inhloko yalawa uMnyango Physics Nobuchwepheshe Faculty of Moscow State University. Kamuva sabona ukuthi lo mnyango selingaphezu i sikhungo esizimele, okuyinto wafaka eziningi umzamo ngisho nososayensi eyivula ezikhethekile cwaningo yokuqhuma.

Omkhulu umnikelo sezibalo Lavrentyev eyenziwe ekuthuthukisweni amakhompyutha electronic. Ngo-1948, i-Institute of hle Mechanics kanye Computer Engineering esikhathini esifushane adaliwe amasampula computer yokuqala ngaphansi kokuqondisa Lavrentiev.

Kufanele futhi usho umsebenzi yesayensi Academician e Novosibirsk, lapho, sibonga kuye, futhi ngaphansi kwesandla sakhe esedale laseSiberia Yegatsha we-Academy of Sciences, okuyinto wahola cishe engu-20, kusukela ngo-1957, futhi ngo-1975. Ngemva kwesikhashana, esikoleni mathematics kanye Mechanics kwatholakala, okuyinto wabizwa ukuba azosebenza lososayensi oluvelele, phakathi kwabo SK Godunov, I. N. Vekua, M. M. Lavrentev, S. T. Vaskov nabanye.

Washona ngo-1980, wembelwa Novosibirsk eNingizimu Amathuna.

Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich: Umndeni

Mikhail Lavrentyev wahlala iminyaka engu-79, ngo-1928 washada Vera Danchakovoy Evgenievna, owayeyilungu isazi sezinto eziphilayo, futhi ndawonye baye baphila iminyaka eminingi, kuze ku-1980 washona sezibalo kanye nososayensi. Emndenini wabo othile wayenabantwana ababili: indodana uMichael, owaba sezibalo indodakazi Ukholo, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo cishe lutho waziwa.

nokufundisa

Ngezinye kweminyaka sasivumela abasha, usosayensi esizayo Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich waqala umsebenzi wakhe wokuba uthisha. Ngesikhathi ngisafunda eNyuvesi, akazange afundiswe eMoscow Technical School.

Ngo-1927, lapho uMichael yekhambo, wafundisa ngaso eMoscow State University, benokuthile ngemfundiso yokuziphendukela okumephiwe conformal.

Kusukela ngo-1929, waba esihlalweni e-Institute of Chemical Technology, futhi ngo-1931 waba uprofesa e-Moscow State University, akuyona bavikela ne mqondo. degree yakhe yakhishwa ngesisekelo imisebenzi yesayensi, futhi ngemva kwesikhashana yena yanikezelwa degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences, bese udokotela physical sciences ne-zezibalo. Ngo-1933 yena waba inhloko yalawa uMnyango eMoscow State University, wasebenza khona kuze 1938.

Siyabonga kuye, kwakhiwa Physico-Technical Institute, owayekade ikhono eMoscow State University. Isikhungo izitimela ongoti abaqeqeshiwe ngenxa yamasimu ngesayensi nobuchwepheshe, okuyinto ngokushesha asathuthuka. Umgomo we operation kwalesi sikhungo wayiswa umsebenzi we Novosibirsk State University, lapho umsebenzi oyinhloko kwaba ukudala ezingaba obuqinile phakathi kwabantu, okuzokwenza ukuqeqesha ochwepheshe esizayo.

Academy of Sciences of USSR

Ngo-1939 Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev ngokumenywa uMqondisi Bogomoltseva kuhanjiswe ku Kiev futhi waqokwa umqondisi we-Institute of Mathematics, imfundiso okucishe kufane nalokhu Physics and Mathematics Faculty of State University. Umsebenzi wakhe kuphazamisekile ngesikhathi sempi, lapho waxoshelwa Ufa, lapho aqhubeka khona imisebenzi yakhe.

Ngo-1945, wabuyela Kiev futhi baqhubeka nomsebenzi walo kwaze kwaba ngo-1948, kuze kube baphinde bathutha eMoscow.

Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich kwaba ngaphambili langemuva, hhayi ayelwa egibele ngaphambili, wakwazi ukusiza umsebenzi wakhe yesayensi ukunqoba impi, uzama ukudala isikhali entsha. Umsebenzi wakhe njengoba Tibalo kanye nebudlelwane lobukhona Mechanics iye nebhizinisi samasosha ubunjiniyela, ikakhulukazi ngezinkinga ezihlobene nokuvikela.

Bang theory

Omkhulu inkonzo Lavrenteva ngesikhathi sempi 1940 kwaba ukuthuthukisa ibhomu enesisindo 1.5 kg ukuvunguza enkulu. Ngakho ukuhlaselwa izindiza ukwazi ukuthwala izinto ezinesisindo amabhomu kg 600 namabhomu ezimbalwa ukuba ashise ngokusebenzisa amathangi ezikuvumela ngokushesha abhubhise isitha futhi abanquma senguquko orel-eKursk.

Ingqikithi yale theory kuqhuma kwakwenzeke ngezingcaphuno ukuthi kwakudingekile ukuba bathethelele kwakuthiwa eqinisa lendawo icala nomthelela noma isiphi isithiyo, uma ukuthathwa ngenkani kwezinto kwakufana kuwo. Lavrentiev wakwazi ukuchaza lomkhuba, futhi washayelwa nencazo hydrodynamic.

imisebenzi Okukhulu

A esiningi nokunakwa enikelwe Lavrentiev ukuqhuma izinkinga. Ngisho ekhulwini le-19, umphumela wokuphindelela wavulwa (umbhobozi okwesikhathi apharathasi ekhethekile, elenga ezintanjeni ashayisane isithiyo, uchaza jet ijubane eliphezulu amagesi Propellant, lishisa isithiyo). -Scholar uphenyo kakhulu lo mphumela futhi wathola ukuthi into esemqoka - kungcono Ukungena ukujula ku ilitshe, lokhu kuqhuma kuyoba namandla kakhulu ukuthi imiphumela yocwaningo. Futhi a lot of ukunakwa isikhokhiwe kuyinkolelo-mbono yokuziphendukela amagagasi eside, zibalo ohlobo okuxubile, nabanye abaningi emkhakheni wesayensi yezibalo, physics kanye Mechanics.

Ukuze kwenziwe usosayensi, kwakubalulekile nje ukua adlulise ukwaziswa yabo ezizukulwaneni ezizayo, kodwa futhi esikhuthaza kuzo isifiso yokuthola izinto zabo, ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi abafundi abasha Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich. Imisebenzi esemqoka ukuthi kwanikezelwa, kubalulekile ukuba uhlu eceleni:

• Ngo-1962, wadedelwa kwegazi "variational indlela e umngcele izinkinga value."
• Ngo-1965 kwafika ukushicilelwa izindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi umsebenzi theory.
• Ngo-1980 wakhipha umqulu iqoqo izihloko ku lesayense nenqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe.
• Hlanganyela Keldysh, "On the motion surface uketshezi esindayo."

Imiklomelo kanye izihloko

Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe wathola imiklomelo eminingi, kuhlanganise semisebenzi ucwaningo yayo nokufeza mathematics ne-physics. Ngo-1944 usosayensi wathola Order besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic, 2 degree, njengoba kwenza lukhulu ekusheshiseni ekunqotshweni yizwe lesitha leli.

Ngo-1946 yena yanikezelwa le Stalin Prize sokuthuthukiswa indlela ukuxazulula izinkinga nonlinear, ngo-1949, ephinde ukhishwa lo mklomelo, kodwa ucwaningo nocwaningo e hydrodynamics.

Wenziwa ngumhlali zokuhlonipha laseNovosibirsk Akademgorodok kusukela esiqinile, futhi uye wathola umklomelo eliphakeme yeFrance. Izikhathi eziyisihlanu Mikhail Alekseevich ukhishwa Order of Lenin futhi ezine Red Banner WezabaSebenzi, kanye yaklonyeliswa Lenin Prize kanye wasebusika. University for impumelelo yakhe kwi-mathematics ne Mechanics, okuyinto indondo esiphezulu Russian Academy of Sciences futhi ukhishwa minyaka kusukela 1959.

imisebenzi yangaphandle kanye nomthelela imfundo yesibili

Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev njalo wazama ukubambisana nezinye ongoti angaphandle, ukwandisa futhi eqinisa kwamaZwe. Hhayi kanye uye wahlela imihlangano yokufundisana, kwaba ummeleli eU.SSR ithimba emihlanganweni ahlukahlukene kanye nezithangami. Kodwa ukwethenjelwa kwalo emhlabeni yesayensi international yokuthi wahola iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili International Mathematical Union.

Ngenxa yomsebenzi wabo, degrees zezemfundo kokufaneleka Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich kungaba nomthelela wokukhula okuthe ukuthuthukiswa imfundo yesibili, futhi ezikoleni eziningi, kuhlanganise e Novosibirsk, laqala ukuqhuba imincintiswano ezikoleni ehlobo zadalwa ngoba zezibalo esizayo kanye computer. Okokuqala Akhethekile School of Physics and Mathematics lamiswa NSU.

inkumbulo

Sezibalo Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev lithole imiklomelo eziningana eliphakeme, ngaphezu, behlonipha akhe abizwa izitaladi Dolgoprudny e Kazan, lo lemininingwane kanye Isikhungo Hydrodynamics, esikoleni ngesikhathi State University of Novosibirsk. Kanye isitsha ucwaningo kanye iziqongo entabeni Pamir futhi Altai.

Ikhumbule academician kwaba qwembe lwesikhumbuzo esakhiweni walesi sikhungo, kanye netshe lesikhumbuzo e Akademgorodok e Novosibirsk. It sidalwe umqophi Paramonov, wazenza ngethusi bese usetha ngo-1988, nakuba iziphathimandla zedolobha futhi kubhekwe ukhetho akhethiwe akufanele ngokomsebenzi engiwenzayo futhi abenqaba ukusayina leso ukugunyazwa ukusungula. Kodwa lesikhumbuzo wayesalokhu tibuye ifakiwe, kanye neziphathimandla zedolobha bonke baba sibekezelele ke.

Ekuphetheni

Mikhail Lavrentiev kwaba abavelele usosayensi-sezibalo, ababonisa uthando sciences ngqo kusukela zisencane, kufaka phakathi Mechanics, i-physics kanye mathematics. Kakade engu-25 yena yanikezelwa umsebenzi wakhe emkhakheni wezibalo, futhi kweminyaka engu-27 Isihloko sakhe yanyatheliswa kuyi-French iphephabhuku Academy of Sciences, lapho waqeqesha izinyanga eziyisithupha.

Eminyakeni 28 ngakhonza ithimba baseSoviet ukuthi abenze noma International Congress of zezibalo ngo-29 waba inhloko yoMnyango kweembalo.

Yena wanikela ukuphila kwakhe ekutadisheni isayensi, nabafundi bakhe baba ososayensi abaziwayo emhlabeni. Wabhala imisebenzi engaphezu kuka-500, futhi ngezindlela eziningi baye zikhonjwe phakathi neminyaka embalwa yentuthuko isayensi zezwe e enjalo obalstyah nesifundo sezibalo kanye Mechanics. Kepha akusimina kodwa nje ayeke lezi sciences, ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi izenzakalo zemvelo ngokuhlola amagagasi esikhulu sasolwandle (i-tsunami), imbangela yomlilo, ibheka izindlela ukuvimbela nokungcoliswa kwemifula.

Othile Kucatshangwa ukuthi ngesikhathi sakhe usosayensi Lavrentyev njengesijeziso ezinye infraction wathunyelwa Novosibirsk sokuthuthukiswa esifundeni. Kodwa futhi ibhalwe futhi izinkumbulo ajwayelekile babengenalo izinqumo ezinjalo. Ngaphandle kokusekelwa uhulumeni, nokulangazelela okukhulu ukuthuthukisa esifundeni esisempumalanga bekungeke kube sezingeni okunjalo futhi ijubane ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha yesayensi, lelo ngisho nanamuhla uhlala omunye izikhungo eyinhloko isayensi.