Izinhlelo Abangefani noma heterogeneous

Ngo-chemistry yemvelo, kanye eziningi nezinye izinhlobo zesayensi zisebenzisa imibandela eyehlukile ukuze ubheke uhlelo oluthile. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze bengena ngezigaba ezidingekayo futhi lula ekutadisheni izinqubo ezithile. izinhlelo heterogeneous ngokoqobo izinhlelo disparate, yize libe izingxenye eyohlobo. Kule ndaba, kukhona eziningi izici zingenza kube nzima ukuqonda lezi izinqubo.

Njengoba sazi, ndaba angaba khona ezifundeni ezehlukene. Futhi phakathi kwalezi uthi kuyinto umehluko okukhulu kakhulu, eyagcina ngisho kuthinte izakhiwo.

Okuvame kakhulu izinhlelo heterogeneous - uketshezi ezingasetshenziswa ukuhambisa in isixazululo te noma isisi, Alloys eziningi, njll Kukhona uthi ezimbili eziyisisekelo daba - crystalline kanye amorphous. Bona zinquma ngokomzimba ezithile, thermodynamic kanye nezinye izakhiwo.

In izinhlelo heterogeneous kukhona zonke izinhlobo izikhala ngokuqhubeka izakhiwo ngokomzimba. Ososayensi shayela isixhumanisi esibonakalayo zabo, okuyinto ngokuvamile kulula kakhulu ukuthola ukuthi iyini. Lapho izimo zashintsha, lezi zingxenye kungabuye dengwane kwelinye direction noma kwenye okwagcina kuholela izinguquko zonke izakhiwo. I yakhoibrium kumasistimu heterogeneous kubaluleke kakhulu uma ufuna ukulondoloza isimo esisodwa ngesikhathi sonke ukuphendula noma isilingo.

ukuphendula heterogeneous

Ekhuluma izinhlelo ezinjalo, ingasaphathwa lezo zindawo umsebenzi lapho zisetshenziswa. ukusabela heterogeneous - yokusabela okwenzeka izinhlelo heterogeneous, okusho sihilela izinto ezitholakala izigaba ezahlukene. Lena izinhlelo umnyuziki heterogeneous.

Izibonelo ukusabela kungenzeka nokonakala insimbi acid, yokubola usawoti ukwakha imikhiqizo okuqinile futhi gaseous nabanye. Futhi nazi ezinye ukusabela okhanda amanye amathuba zako phezu kulethe. Isici esiyinhloko zindlela ezingafani heterogeneous okhanda amanye amathuba ukuthi reagent nemikhiqizo ethakwa kungenzeka ezifundeni ezehlukene.

Umehluko isigaba e nzima jikelele ukusebenza nalezi zindlela zokusabela luyindida ngoba ukuthuthwa izinto, ukuxuba futhi okusheshayo, futhi kusebenze molecule ungase uqale esinye isinyathelo hit esigabeni ebusweni.

Ukuze ukusabela kudingeka umthamo wemvula njalo reactants nokususwa imikhiqizo kusukela zone kwakhiwa ngenxa inqubo amakhemikhali. Kanjalo kinetics ukuphendula noma ukugeleza izinga kunqunywa izidakamizwa ethize, izinga kugucuka zamakhemikhali lezo zakhiwo emimoya uhlelo heterogeneous. Uma kukhona inkathazo asivelanga, kanye nokuhanjiswa kwe- izinto sigcinwe esimweni esejwayelekile, izinga yokusabela ezilinganiselwe usayizi zone. Lokhu okuthiwa ethize yokusabela isilinganiso. Kulokhu emakamu kubhekwa, izimo ukusabela, ingcindezi ngokwengxenye nokunye. Inani umsebenzi thermodynamic, imikhiqizo etholakala izinto kokuqala inquma njalo yakhoibrium kohlelo heterogeneous.

Lesi sidingo njalo ukubala cishe kunoma iyiphi ukusabela izinhlelo heterogeneous. Nge sizokwazi ukunquma ngokunembile inani izinto sokuqala adingekayo umnyuziki chemical yokusabela kanye ingabalwa olunembile umkhiqizo isivuno. Lapho ukusetshenziswa kokwaziswa kalula elawulwa ukuphendula, ngaphezu, kuba njalo kungenzeka ukulawula isiqondiso ukusabela. Kule ndaba, singasho ukuthi njalo yakhoibrium kubalulekile ofeza ukusabela izinhlelo heterogeneous.