Uhulumeni lwezezimali System

State uhlelo lwezimali kanye nesakhiwo salo iqoqo izikhungo ezinikeza kwemali ngaphakathi ezweni elithile. Lokhu iqoqo kuhlanganisa izingxenye eziningana.

Uhlelo wezezimali kuhlanganisa:

- subsystem State, ukuhlinzeka inflow nesabelomali nephumayo izimali;

- yasebhange subsystem eliqukethe izikhungo ezinikeza utshalomali, ukubolekisa, izinkokhelo, ukuthengiselana ngemali;

- subsystem kwamatayitela kwegazi kuleli zwe, ukukhonza ukuheha imali secondary izibambiso izimakethe.

Ngokulawula umphakathi, isimo kuhilela izinto eziningi izindawo: izinto ngokwenkolo, ngokwenhlalo, ezombusazwe, ezomnotho kanye nabanye.

At inhliziyo isakhiwo kwezomnotho kukhona ubuhlobo nabathile. Basuke ubuhanjelwe izinhlangano ezine: isakhamuzi, ibhizinisi, esifundeni kanye nesimo. Yilelo nalelo lungu unamalungelo akhe kanye nemisebenzi. Owenza ubuhlobo phakathi, izihloko akha sphere lezimpahla-imali. Ngenxa yalokhu ubuhlobo kuphakama uhlelo lwezimali kahulumeni.

Esikhathini Russian Federation, lokhu eziyinkimbinkimbi inezigaba ezine. ingxenye ngayinye wenza imisebenzi ethile. Uhlelo sezimali Russian Federation kuhlanganisa izimali izakhamuzi kanye namabhizinisi, kazwelonke kanye nezimali indawo.

ejenti lonke zuku kwezinsiza sokugxila anawo uhlelo nokubusa ngesikhathi futhi awaqondise kuze kwaneliseke izidingo ezifanele. Lezi zinsiza eyenziwe izintela, izimali zikahulumeni, amacala, amanani wathola phezu wokuhlengwa bezinhlangano eziphethwe uhulumeni kanye nabanye. Njengengxenye izimali kazwelonke umshwalense isimo, ukubolekisa, isabelomali sikahulumeni futhi off-isabelomali izimali sikahulumeni.

ejenti Local enze imisebenzi efanayo isizwe sakwa-wide, kodwa ngokuhambisana kumiswa zokuphatha-indawo, etholakala kulo masipala. Lesi sakhiwo kuhlanganisa amabhajethi ezifanele futhi isabelomali ngezimali. Lamasu akhiwa izinhlawulo, izimali, izintela, lotto, nezinye loans wendawo.

Uhlelo wezimali ka isimo yakhiwa izindlela amabhizinisi. Bakha isixhumanisi eyinhloko eyinkimbinkimbi futhi imisebenzi kwi ukwakheka kanye nokusebenzisa izimali zawo.

Yamazwe ngamazwe uhlelo lwezimali ubhekwa ifomu zomlando, owawuthi inhlangano ubudlelwano phakathi kwala mazwe imali. Fixed lolu hlobo izivumelwano ezithile.

Yamazwe ngamazwe uhlelo lwezimali iqukethe izingxenye eziningana.

Uphiko sokuqala lezimpahla imali emhlabeni. He is othwala ubudlelwane yemali phakathi kwamazwe. Imoto yokuqala enjalo igolide.

Eyesibili ingxenye - izinga lokushintshisana. Njengoba exchange- kwemali tembuso, yena (izinga) lubonakaliswa amayunithi yemali kwamanye amazwe. Izinga lokushintshisana kungaba kokubili engaguquki kanye elintantayo. isisekelo sokuqala Mint silinganiso (khona kwesamba egolide iyunithi wezwe yemali). Floating (nezimo) exchange rate zinqunywa ngokuqhathanisa nakwentiwa silinganiso exchange rate (izindleko zokuhlolwa kwalokho imali kazwelonke kwegama elifanayo "ubhasikidi impahla").

I isici sesithathu uhlelo zezimali zomhlaba yiyona kazwelonke izimakethe lwemali.

Eyesine ingxenye - inhlangano yemali zezimali. Lezi zihlanganisa, ngokukhethekile, faka -International Monetary Fund. Ukhuthaza nokubambisana kwezinhlaka yobuhlanga. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunqotjhwe ngalo ukunikela indlela ngokubambisana kanye nokuhlanganiswa ekuxazululeni izinkinga inter-State emkhakheni wezezimali. Ukuze zihlanganisa izinhlangano yemali futhi ezinye izikhungo cross-kazwelonke, credit umsebenzi okuyinto ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi ubunjalo exchange - amabhange ukuthuthukiswa (lesifunda), i-Bank for International Settlements e Basel nabanye.