Inductance: ifomula. Nesilinganiso inductance. inductance iluphu

Ubani wafunda physics esikoleni? Kwabanye, kwakuthakazelisa futhi kuyaqondakala, kuyilapho abanye pored phezu izincwadi, uzama ngekhanda amagama abukhuni ngokusebenzisa izinsiza. Kodwa ngamunye wethu ukukhumbula ukuthi izwe lusekelwe olwazini ngokomzimba. Namuhla sikhuluma imiqondo ezifana lo inductance umsinga loop inductance, futhi ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi capacitors nokuthi yilona Solenoid.

Isifunda kagesi kanye lo inductance

Inductance ukhonza njani izakhiwo magnetic circuit kagesi. It lichazwa ngokuthi Coefficient proportionality phakathi zamanje kanye kagesi ukugeleza zamanje ngesimiso somshini esivalekile kazibuthe. Lokhu kuhamba lwamanje eyenziwe nge ebusweni iluphu. Enye incazelo uthi lo inductance ka ipharamitha wesifunda futhi inquma EMF self-lokungeniswa. Igama elithi isetshenziswa ukhombise isici wesifunda futhi babe nobuntu self-lokungeniswa umphumela lapho uvulekele no D. uHenry M. Faraday ngokuzimela. I inductance elihlobene ne ifomu, ubungako kanye nentaba ukubaluleka permeability magnetic ezungezile. Ngo SI amayunithi, lesi silinganiso ulinganiswa uHenry, futhi luchazwa ngokuthi L.

Futhi sokukala inductance ka inductance

Ngokuthi inductance value, okuyinto isilinganiso yokucucuza kazibuthe egeleza phakathi naso sonke lesi ohlobo a amperage wesifunda:

• L = N x F I.

I inductance kwe-circuit luncike ijamo, ubungako kanye nentaba izakhiwo kazibuthe medium lapho itholakala. Uma ivaliwe-loop kagesi notshwala wamanje, kukhona ekushintsheni kazibuthe. Lokhu kamuva eziholela ukuvela kwezindaba EMF. Ukuzalwa wamanje eyenga kumjikelezo avaliwe ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuzithiba inductance". Ngokusho umthetho Lenz sika ayishintshi ukubaluleka wamanje kulesi sifunda. Uma lo inductance lutholwa, kungenzeka ukuze ufake wesifunda kagesi, lapho i-Resistor kuhlanganisiwe ngokulinganisa kanye lekhoyili nge core yensimbi. Ngokungaguquguquki nabo exhunywe nezibani kagesi. Kulokhu, ukumelana we Resistor uyalingana DC ikhoyili. Umphumela walokhu uyoba izibani elikhanyayo esivuthayo. Lo mkhuba wokuzilimaza lokungeniswa ingenye yezindawo eziyinhloko e-electronics kanye nobunjiniyela bukagesi.

Indlela yokuthola inductance

Ifomula, okuyinto umane ukuthola ukubaluleka, lokhu okulandelayo:

• L = F: Mina,

lapho F - ecucuza kazibuthe, mina - samanje wesifunda.

Through the inductor ungaboniswa njengoba EMF self-eyenga:

• Ei = -L x di: DT.

Kusukela ifomula siphetho lenombolo ukulingana lokungeniswa amandla electromotive okuyinto eyenzeka kumjikelezo lapho amandla wamanje kwesinye ammeter for yesibili elilodwa.

I inductance variable kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba uthole amandla kazibuthe:

• W = LI ^2: 2.

"Spool ngentambo"

I inductor kuyinto ukushisa namakhaza zethusi wire isilonda nesisekelo esiqinile. Njengoba for ukwahlukanisa ke kukhethwa impahla ubanzi - lokhu nail wire ukwahlukanisa, kanye Indwangu. Ubukhulu yokucucuza kazibuthe incike isilinda sikwele. Uma ukwandisa samanje ikhoyili, amandla kazibuthe iyoba kakhudlwana futhi okuphambene nalokho.

Uma wenza isicelo sokusebenzisa i kagesi lekhoyili ke lapho kuphakama voltage voltage okuphambene, kodwa ngokushesha iphele. Lolu hlobo ukucindezeleka ibizwa ngokuthi amandla electromotive self-lokungeniswa. Ngesikhathi energization ukuze amandla ikhoyili zamanje kushintsha inani layo kusukela 0 kuya inombolo ethile. Voltage okwamanje inenani ushintsho ngokuvumelana nomthetho Ohm sika:

• I = U: R,

lapho mina ephawula amperage, U - kubonisa voltage, R - Ukumelana kwekhoyili.

Esinye isici esikhethekile ikhoyili yokuthi elandelayo: uma uvula wesifunda "ikhoyili - Umthombo zamanje," i-EMF niyozenezelelwa ukucindezeleka. Yamanje nayo ekuqaleni ukukhula, bese uqala ukuncipha. Ngakho umthetho wokuqala uguquko, othi samanje inductor ayishintshi ngokusheshayo.

Ikhoyili zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:

1. Nge ithiphu kazibuthe. ferrites futhi izenzo yensimbi njengendlela material inhliziyo. I cores ukukhonza ukwandisa lo inductance.
2. Nge-non-magnetic. Isetshenziswa ezimweni lapho inductance ezingekho ngaphezu amahlanu MH.

Amadivayisi kuhluke ababukeka Sakhiwo sangekhatsi. Kuye imingcele sinjalo inductance ikhoyili. Ifomula esimweni ngasinye sihlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, lo inductance kuyoba lingana kuze fike-ungqimba ohlobo:

• L = 10μ0ΠN ² R ^2: 9R + 10l.

Manje ngenxa multilayer omunye ifomula:

• L = μ0N ² R ^2: 2Π (6R + 9l + 10w).

Izinto eziyinhloko ezatholwa futhi ehambisana ne-umsebenzi ohlobo:

1. Ku-ferrite cylindrical inductance enkulu kwenzeka phakathi.
2. Ukuze inductance esiphezulu kumele eduze nilimaza Windings phezu spool.
3. I inductance we ezincane, inani encane ematfuba.
4. I toroidal core ibanga phakathi the ematfuba ikhoyili akunandaba.
5. Inani inductance incike "badedelane yisikwele."
6. Uma inductor ixhumeke chungechunge, value abo Imininingwane yinani lika inductances.
7. Uma ixhunywe parallel, kudingeka siqiniseke ukuthi lo inductance abangu esilinganayo ebhodini. Kungenjalo, ubufakazi babo kuyoba ayilungile ngenxa ithonya mutual kazibuthe.

Solenoid

Ngaphansi lo mqondo libhekisela ikhoyili cylindrical wire ukuthi kungenziwa nilimaza okukodwa noma okungaphezulu okulandelanayo izingqimba. ubude isilinda kakhulu njengengcebo enkulu kunemicebo ubukhulu. Ngenxa izici ezinjalo lapho i zamanje kagesi in the ingaphakathi Solenoid ozalwa kazibuthe. Izinga soshintsho kazibuthe ezilinganiselwe ecucuza ushintsho zamanje. I inductance kwekhoyili kulokhu ibalwa kanje:

• DF: DT = L dl: DT.

Ngisho lolu hlobo ohlobo ngokuthi actuator electromechanical ne core retractable. Kulokhu, lo Solenoid unikeza sangaphandle ferromagnetic core kazibuthe - ijoka.

Esikhathini sethu, idivayisi kungaba hlanganisa hydraulics nangezinto zobuchwepheshe. Kulesi sisekelo, ithuthukiswe onobuhle amane:

• Eyokuqala uyakwazi ukulawula ingcindezi umugqa.
• Imodeli yesibili ihlukile kwezinye ayo ophoqelelwe Ilokhi-up bamba e Converter torque engu.
• Imodeli wesithathu e ngezithako zawo iqukethe ingcindezi nabalawuli, obhekene shift umsebenzi.
• Eyesine ilawulwa hydraulically noma valve.

I kudingekile amafomula Ukubalwa

Ukuze uthole inductance kwekhoyili, ifomula esetshenziswa simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• L = μ0n ² V,

lapho μ0 ikhombisa permeability magnetic a cleaner, n - inombolo ematfuba, V - umthamo Solenoid.

Futhi ukubala inductance ikhoyili ngangokunokwenzeka futhi ngosizo omunye ifomula:

• L = μ0N ² S: l,

lapho S - iyona cross-Sectional endaweni l - ubude Solenoid.

Ukuze uthole inductance kwekhoyili, ifomula isetshenziswa, yimaphi siyafanelana ikhambi lale nkinga.

Sebenza AC futhi DC

Kazibuthe ekhiqizwa ngaphakathi ikhoyili, iqondiswe kanye eksisi futhi ilingana:

• B = μ0nI,

lapho μ0 - permeability of cleaner okungukuthi, n - inombolo ematfuba, futhi mina - Inani lamanje.

Lapho zamanje odabula Solenoid, ikhoyili alondoloza amandla angase okuyinto ilingana umsebenzi odingekayo ukusungula zamanje. Ukubala inductance kuleli cala, ifomula esetshenziswa simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• E = LI ^2: 2

lapho L kubonisa ukubaluleka inductance, kanye no-E - amandla agcinwe.

Self-lokungeniswa amandla electromotive kwenzeka lapho samanje Solenoid.

Endabeni ukusebenza AC livela inkambu kushintshana kazibuthe. I isiqondiso amandla Luhambo ingase ihlukahluke, futhi kungase zihlala zinjalo. Icala lokuqala kwenzeka uma usebenzisa Solenoid njengoba Solenoid. Futhi okwesibili, uma armature wenziwe impahla kazibuthe. Solenoid uhlelo lokwabelana ngamafayela has impedance, okuyinto likhona ukumelana emazombezombe futhi inductance yayo.

Ukusetshenziswa ezivame kakhulu solenoids yohlobo yokuqala (DC) - ibutho Translational njengoba actuator. Amandla incike isakhiwo nengaphakathi kanye igobolondo. Izibonelo ukusetshenziswa sikelo lapho ukusika umsebenzi amasheke ngokheshi usomqulu, izinjini valve kumasistimu wokubacindezela, ikhiye amathebhu. Solenoids yohlobo yesibili ezisetshenziswa njengeziwusizo inductors ngoba lokungeniswa Ukushisa e amaziko Ukuphekwa Ngobhojwana NgamaFascist.

izifunda oscillatory

Indlela elula the wesifunda resonant kuyinto wesifunda serial oscillating, ehlanganisa inductor ohlobo afakiwe futhi capacitor lapho i kushintshana notshwala zamanje. Ukuze sithole inductance kwekhoyili, ifomula esetshenziswa simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• XL = W x L,

lapho XL libonisa reactance ikhoyili, futhi W - imvamisa isiyingi.

Uma usebenzisa i-esisheshayo impedance we capacitor, bese ifomula zaziyoba ibukeke lokhu:

Xc = 1: W x C.

izici ezibalulekile wesifunda oscillation kuyinto imvamisa resonant, isici impedance kanye Q kwe-circuit. Eyokuqala ephawula imvamisa lapho ukumelana iluphu iyasebenza. Eyesibili ubonisa indlela reactance ngesikhathi imvamisa resonant phakathi kwamagugu ezifana capacitance futhi inductance kwe-circuit oscillating. Isici sesithathu inquma amplitude futhi ububanzi izici amplitude-imvamisa (imvamisa impendulo) we resonance futhi libonisa Ubukhulu egcinwe amandla phezu kwengungu kuqhathaniswa ukulahlekelwa amandla oscillation inkathi ngayinye. I izakhiwo imvamisa izifunda art kulinganiswa usebenzisa impendulo imvamisa. Kulokhu, circuit kubhekwa njengendlela quadripole. Lapho ukubaluleka sithombe amagrafu voltage iluphu inzuzo (K). Lokhu value ibonisa isilinganiso okukhipha voltage ekufakeni. Ukuze nezifunda eziningi ungafaki yamandla izakhi ezahlukene ukuqinisa, ukubaluleka Coefficient mkhulu kunobunye. It uvame ukuba zero lapho amaza ezahlukene kusukela wesifunda resonance has a high ukumelana value. Uma okungenani ukumelana value, Coefficient iseduze ubunye.

Ngo wesifunda parallel resonant kuhlanganisa ilungu ezimbili jet nge ezahlukene amandla reactivity. Ukusetshenziswa lolu hlobo wesifunda kusho ulwazi ukuthi izakhi wesifunda parallel ezidingekayo ukuze ungeze conductivity zabo kuphela, kodwa hhayi ukumelana. Ngesikhathi imvamisa resonant we conductivity jikelele kwe-circuit ilingana no-zero, okubonisa ukuthi AC ukumelana ngokungenamkhawulo enkulu. Ukuze isifunda esasisenhloko okuhlanganisa capacitance okuhambisanayo (C), ukumelana (R) kanye inductance, ifomula ukuthi kubahlanganisa kanye isici izinga (Q), imi kanje:

• Q = R√C: L.

Ngo kokuhlinzwa, wesifunda parallel kwelinye inkathi oscillation kwenzeka kabili exchange amandla phakathi epholisayo kanye lekhoyili. Kulokhu, a wamanje loop, okuyinto kakhulu ephakeme ukwedlula Inani lamanje lesiguli elijikeleza ngaphandle.

umsebenzi capacitor

Idivayisi kuyinto ezimbili-pole conductivity ongaphakeme kanye kwenombolo noma njalo capacitance value. Lapho capacitor icala, ukumelana layo iseduze zero, kungenjalo ilingana infinity. Uma umthombo wamandla linqamuka isici, kuba ukuthi umthombo osenyameni yayo. Ukusebenzisa capacitor e electronics efezwa nezihlungi ukususa umsindo. Idivayisi segezi ngoba amandla izifunda zisetshenziselwa ukondla izinhlelo imithwalo emikhulu. Lokhu kusekelwe ikhono isici ukuba kudlule isakhi variable, kodwa engazinzile zamanje. Ayanda imvamisa ingxenye, kancane ukumelana we capacitor. Ngenxa yalokho, i-epholisayo bagibele wonke umsindo ukuthi uya phezulu DC.

Ukumelana isici kuncike capacitance. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuwukuhlakanipha ukubeka capacitors esinevolumu ezahlukene eyolanda zonke izinhlobo umsindo. Ngenxa ikhono idivayisi kudlule zamanje ngqo kuphela ngesikhathi ishaja isikhathi ukusebenzisa kwayo njengoba isici in generator noma njengoba iyunithi ishayela ekubumbeni.

Capacitors beze izinhlobo eziningi. Ikakhulu esetshenziswa Ukwahlukaniswa uhlobo Kwe-dielectric Heating, njengoba le ipharamitha inquma ukuzinza capacitance, ukwahlukanisa u elana nokunye. Systematization lokhu ezidlula simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

1. Capacitors nge Kwe-dielectric Heating gaseous.
2. Umshini.
3. Nge Kwe-dielectric Heating ketshezi.
4. With Kwe-dielectric Heating okuqinile wezinto ezingaphili.
5. Nge Kwe-dielectric Heating okuqinile organic.
6. Solid.
7. Electrolytic.

Kukhona ngezigaba capacitors uya khona (ngekuhlanganyela nobe abazinikezele), ubunjalo isivikelo izici zangaphandle (evikelwe kanye neziteleka, ngilahliwe futhi bebodwa non, eligcwele phama, futhi uphawu) ukufakwa inqubo (coupler, ukunyathelisa, ebusweni, nge screw pin, iphini snap ). idivayisi kungabuye zihlukaniswa ikhono lokushintsha umthamo:

1. Capacitors, fixed, okungukuthi, amandla awo njalo njalo.
2. Kusilungisi. Sinenkosi amandla ayishintshi phakathi nomsebenzi we imishini, kodwa kungase kushintshwe esisodwa noma ngezikhathi ezithile.
3. Eziguquguqukayo. capacitors It evumela ekuqhubeni imishini ukushintsha umthamo wayo.

Inductor futhi capacitor

izakhi conductive zedivayisi bayakwazi ukudala inductance lalo. Lokhu izingxenye zesakhiwo ezifana wokwakha, ibhasi yokuxhuma, a ezikhumulweni ngalendoda kanye fuses. Ungakha eyengeziwe capacitor inductance ngokuxhuma ibhasi. Imodi wesifunda yokusebenza incike inductance, capacitance nokuzabalazela. Ifomula ukubala inductance ukuthi kwenzeka ngesikhathi esondela imvamisa resonant, lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ce = C: (1 - 4Π ² f ² LC),

lapho Ce inquma capacitance ngempumelelo, C kubonisa capacitance langempela, f - iyona imvamisa, L - inductance.

Inani inductance kufanele icatshangwe njalo uma usebenza ngamandla capacitors. Ukuze ishayela capacitors self-inductance ukubaluleka ebaluleke kakhulu. osenyameni wabo uwela phezu iluphu lokungeniswa futhi has izinhlobo ezimbili - aperiodic futhi oscillatory.

Inductance ku epholisayo luncike izakhi compounds wesifunda therein. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo parallel uxhumano izigaba futhi isondo, lesi silinganiso kuyinto isamba inductances iphakheji busbar main netiphetfo. Ukuze uthole lolu hlobo inductance, ifomula simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• Lk = Lp + LM + LB,

lapho Lk libonisa kudivayisi inductance, le Lp -Package, LM - ibhasi main kanye LB - inductance phambili.

Uma uxhumano okucishe kufane nalokhu ibhasi wamanje kuyahlukahluka kanye ubude bayo, bese lo inductance okulingana kuchazwa njenganoma:

• Lk = Lc: n + μ0 l x d: (3b) + LB,

lapho l - obuphelele amathayi, b - ububanzi d - ibanga phakathi amathayi.

Ukuze kuncishiswe inductance zedivayisi akumelwe aphile izingxenye epholisayo kahle ukuze ensimini yabo kazibuthe Okusizayo inzuzo. Ngamanye amazwi, izingxenye bukhoma nge ezinyakazayo efanayo wamanje kumele zisuswe nomunye ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi ukuletha ndawonye kolunye uhlangothi. Lapho ngokuhlanganisa abaqoqi nge nokuncipha ukujiya Kwe-dielectric Heating kunganciphisa kwesigaba inductance. Lokhu kungafezwa ngisho sokuhlukanisa esigabeni esisodwa nge semali esitsheni kancane engajulile ngaphezulu.