Ithusi oxide

Cuprum (Cu) eyenani ngezinto esingasebenzi. It libhekene kumiswa zamakhemikhali nge namachibi zithi +1 futhi +2. Ngokwesibonelo, oxides ezimbili, kuyinto elibona nxazonke izakhi ezimbili Cu nomoya-mpilo O: isimo namachibi ye +1 - cuprous oxide Cu2O futhi isimo namachibi +2 - zethusi oxide Cuo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi bona aqukethe izakhi efanayo ngamakhemikhali, kodwa ngamunye wabo siqu izici zayo ezikhethekile. Esikhathini metal abandayo asabela ngayo wavuma kakhulu nge-oksijini emoyeni, embozwe ifilimu, okuyinto oxide yethusi, okuyinto kuvimbela namachibi nokufakwa cuprum. Lapho ukufuthelana, into elula ngenombolo ukulandelana 29 ethebuleni gqwa is oxidized ngokuphelele. Kulokhu futhi kumiswa oxide yethusi (II): 2Cu + O2 → 2CuO.

i-nitrous oxide kuyinto sinombala-bomvu nge isisindo yamangqamuzana 143,1 g / imvukuzane. Egcekeni has a lokushisa ukuncibilika 1235 ° C, i-abilayo 1800 ° C. Akukona chaza emanzini kodwa ancibilikisa e acid. oxide zethusi Grown (I) isixazululo ammonia (bagxila), ukwakha kungekho nto enemibala emihle eziyinkimbinkimbi [Cu (NH3) 2] +, okuyinto oxidized kalula emoyeni ukuze ammonia eziyinkimbinkimbi nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka-purple [Cu (NH3) 4 (H2O) 2] 2+ Ukuqedwa e hydrochloric acid ukwakha CuCl2. Emlandweni Semiconductor physics Cu2O ingenye izinto okucwaningwa ngawo kakhulu.

oxide yethusi (I), eyaziwa nangokuthi oxide anezakhi eziyisisekelo. It ingalungiswa ngu namachibi we metal: 4Cu + O2 → 2 Cu2O. Ukungcola ezifana namanzi kanye acid wokuthinta izinga yale nqubo, futhi namachibi okwengeziwe ukuze oxide ayoni. oxide Cuprous kungenziwa oncibilikiswe sulfuric acid, kanjalo zakha isimiso metal okumsulwa kanye usawoti yawo: H2SO4 + Cu2O → Cu + CuSO4 + H2O. Isikimu efanayo kuyinto nokuxhumana oxide ne degree of namachibi elilodwa lensimbi nezinye acid elingenawo umoya-aqukethe. Ngo ukusabela oxide acid nge ifomu halogenated monovalent metal usawoti: 2HCl + Cu2O → 2CuCl + H2O.

Found oxide yethusi (I) imvelo njengoba i-ore obomvu (leli gama ubudala, kanye ezifana irubi Cu), amaminerali ngokuthi "Cuprite". On lasungulwa kuthatha isikhathi eside. It zingaba eyayenziwe noma ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu ngaphansi okusezingeni eliphezulu umoya-mpilo ingcindezi. Oxide ngokuvamile lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi fungicide, njengoba lesi sakhi, njengoba kwamanzi antifouling ejenti upende noma ulwandle, futhi wasebenzisa kulethe.

Nokho, umphumela lokhu unesimo esifana Cu2O chemical ifomula ku umzimba ingaba yingozi. Lapho imuncwe, kudala iphika, ukukhwehlela, kanye ulceration futhi perforation yaleli pheshana zokuphefumula. Uma kugwinywe, kuyacasula ukuba pheshana emathunjini, ephelezelwa ukuhlanza, ubuhlungu kanye nesifo sohudo.

Ephakeme oxide ithusi ukubukeka kuyinto powder kusuka brown ukuze omnyama. It kwenzeka ngokwemvelo njengendlela amaminerali, "umculi wethena" e injalo elicwengekileyo. lokushisa yayo ukuncibilika kuyinto 1326 ° C, abilayo iphuzu 2,000 ° C. Kuyinto zingaxazululeki emanzini, utshwala, ammonium hydroxide, isixazululo ammonium carbonate. Oncibilikayo izixazululo aqueous of ammonium chloride kanye potassium cyanide. Lokhu okuqinile black ingatholakala ngokubeka amalahle emoyeni Cu. Nokho, kulesi simo futhi kwakhiwa i-nitrous Cu. Ukulungiselela zethusi oxide Cuo ngokuzikhethela nge Ukushisa compounds:

• i-copper (II) nitrate 2Cu (NO3) 2 4 → NO2 + O2 + 2CuO;

• i-copper (II) Cu hydroxide (OH) 2 → H2O + Cuo;

• i-copper (II) carbonate CuCO3 → CO2 + Cuo.

Cuprum (II) oxide kusemqoka, ngakho ancibilikisa e acid yezimbiwa (hydrochloric, sulfuric futhi nitric) ukunikeza elihambisana divalent Cu nosawoti:

• 2HCl + Cuo → CuCl2 + H2O;

• H2SO4 + Cuo → CuSO4 + H2O;

• 2HNO3 + Cuo → Cu (NO3) 2 + H2O.

Iyaphendula oxide yethusi (II) nge alikhali bagxila ukwakha usawoti: 2 Koh + Cuo + H2O → K2 [Cu (OH) 4].

Oxide ingaphinda sehliselwe metallic Cu ukusabela nge-hydrogen noma i-carbon monoxide :

• H2 + Cuo → Cu + H2O;

• CO + Cuo → Cu + CO2.

Ukusebenzisa i-nitrous yethusi (II) ku zobumba (njengoba sombala) ngoba glaze (blue, oluhlaza nobomvu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi bomvana, ompunga noma emnyama). Iphinde isetshenziselwe njengoba okufakiwe ukudla isilwane ukunciphisa ukuntula cuprum emzimbeni. Lokhu kwaziswa olwalwenza, okuyilona elidingekayo ukuze sula imishini optical. Isetshenziselwa ukwenziwa amabhethri ezomile ukulungiswa nezinye Cu nosawoti. Egcekeni lisetshenzisiwe nangokuqondene Cuo Alloys Welding zethusi.

Ukuvezelwa emihlotjeni kwakwakhe chemical Cuo futhi ungaba yingozi nomzimba womuntu. Lapho imuncwe, okubangela wamaphaphu ukucasuka. oxide yethusi (II) kungadala imfiva metallic evala (MFF). Cu oxide kuphakamisa ushintsho ibala lesikhumba, kungase kudingeke izinkinga zamehlo. Lapho udle njengoba oxide kuholela elinobuthi, okuyinto kuhambisana izimpawu of ukuhlanza futhi ubuhlungu.