Electrolysis yamanzi. Iyini inqubo futhi kungani uludinga

Ngokuthi electrolysis esithile inqubo physico-chemical lapho liquid noma, ngamanye amazwi, lo electrolyte Ihlukana ion emihle nemibi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya i kagesi. Pho-ke, uthatha le nqubo?

Electrolysis yamanzi kwenzeka ngenxa yokuthi kagesi edabula electrolyte kubangela ukusabela ngesikhathi electrode, okuyinto imali kanye ion emihle nemibi. Ngesikhathi electrode omubi icala (cathode) kukhona cations imali, ngokulandelana, ku omuhle (anode) - anions. I electrolyte kungase kuhilele amanzi, lapho acid sengezwe, noma yisisombululo usawoti. Nokwahlukana zensimbi bese ezisalayo acid kwenzeka ngemva electrolyte is badabula i kagesi. Njengoba emangalelwe ngokuvukela omuhle ugesi metal afaneleke cathode (electrode omubi icala), okuyi metal ibizwa ngokuthi seka. Acid zinsalela, a omubi icala, avame ukuba anode (i-electrode kahle icala), futhi ubizwa ngonyaka anion. Electrolysis kwenza irisidi nosawoti bahlanza kahle izakhi, ngakho kabanzi lisetshenziswe amagatsha ezahlukene umkhakha yesimanje.

Electrolysis yamanzi kubalulekile namuhla, njengoba kwakunjalo nangabanye abayizinkulungwane amabhizinisi zisebenzisa amanzi izigaba ngazinye ukukhiqizwa yayo. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi ngemva iningi izinqubo ukuthi yenziwa amabhizinisi, amanzi ngemva ukusetshenziswa iba yingozi kubantu nasezilwaneni zasendle uketshezi. Amanzi-electrolysis isetshenziselwa yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile, lapho kumelwe zingene phansi noma umthombo wamanzi okumsulwa. Lokhu anokungcola zigezwe ukuvimbela enhlekeleleni yezinto eziphilayo, ingozi oluvele ngempela high ezifundeni eziningi zaseRussia.

Namuhla kukhona izindlela eziningana electrolysis yamanzi. Lezi zihlanganisa electroextraction, electrocoagulation futhi electroflotation. Electrolysis yamanzi esetshenziselwa ukuhlanza amanzi angcolile, akhiqizwa electrolysis amaseli. Lezi izakhiwo ezikhethekile, lapho izinto eziphilayo kuthiwa ukubola zibe izinsimbi, acid kanye nezinye izinto okuqondene isigaba umsuka wezinto ezingaphili. Ikakhulukazi ezibalulekile yokuhlanza amanzi angcolile e izimboni enobungozi ezifana chemical umkhakha, lapho kukhona ukusebenza ngethusi nomthofu, kanye izitshalo, esikhiqiza opende, lacquers, enamels. Yiqiniso, lena akuyona indlela eshibhe kunazo zonke wahlanza amanzi usebenzisa electrolysis, kodwa izindleko ezihlobene ukwelashwa yamanzi, ungahambi ku ngokuqinile nanoma ikuphi ukuqhathaniswa nempilo yabantu kanye imvelo engqondweni.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba afeze electrolysis yamanzi ekhaya. Le nqubo akuthathi isikhathi esiningi nemali futhi kuyokwenza ukukhiqizwa kwe-mpilo ne-hydrogen. Esitsheni amanzi, lapho usawoti pre-yahlakazeka (usawoti kuyadingeka ukuthatha hhayi ngaphansi kuka ¼ umthamo wamanzi), electrode amabili ziyakhishwa. Bona zingenziwa zensimbi. I electrode uxhumeke kwamandla nge amandla samanje okungenani 0.5 A. Kwelinye electrode kwakhiwa Bubbles, okhombisa ukuthi electrolysis yamanzi izimo zasekhaya siphumelele. Le ndlela ungakwazi ukuthola soda caustic, chlorine, nezinye izakhi zamakhemikhali, kuye ngokuthi yikuphi kule electrolyte. Plasma isetshenziswa amanzi electrolysis plazmoteplolizerah. Lokhu entsha idivayisi yesimanje yokusebenza izindlela plasma-electrolysis yamanzi bafudumale yayo ngqo okushisa ezithile. Plasma electrolysis yamanzi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza izinhlobo ezintsha amandla, okuyinto nsuku zonke bayanda isidingo lwesintu. Amandla ukuthi zingaba kusukela amanzi, uyonika ithuba ukwakha izinhlobo ezintsha, iphephile futhi isebenza ngempumelelo emithonjeni yamandla. I imihlola plasma-electrolysis amanzi azikaqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abazi ukuthi sesithembiso esikhulu futhi ngenxa yalokho uye wakwenza ufundwa izazi zanamuhla.