Izinhlelo ze-radio amateurs. Izinhlelo eziwusizo zama-radio amateurs

Izinhlelo ezidalwe ikakhulukazi abalingiswa noma ezisebenzisayo zingenza inqubo yokuklama ibe mnandi kakhulu, hlola izibalo ezithile, uthathe imininingwane edingekayo kanye nezinye izinto eziningi eziwusizo. Kusukela ibhizinisi lomsakazo we-amateur ngakho-ke kudinga imali, kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde ngezinhlelo zamahhala zomsakazo we-radio. Futhi kulesi sihloko kuqoqwe ukukhethwa okunjalo kokusebenza okuwusizo.

Yiziphi izinhlelo ezenzelwe ama-radio amateur?

Kungani izinhlelo ezintsha zenzelwe ama-radio amateurs? Ngoba kunesidingo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungabonakali kanjani kwabanye abantu, inani lezinhlelo ezinjalo liphezulu kakhulu. Zakhiwe ngokuyinhloko ukulondoloza yonke imininingwane edingekayo: izinkomba ezihlukahlukene, izindawo zokuthuthukiswa okulula, uma kwenzeka umbono omuhle ufika ekhanda, njll. Ngakho-ke, izinhlelo zokusebenza ezimbalwa zingasebenza ngokuphepha ngamaphilisi, ama-smartphone noma amakholi asebenza kakhulu (nakuba , Ukusebenza nemishini yakamuva incane). Eziningi zezinhlelo ezikhethekile zinabalobi ngabanye abazidala ngezidingo zabo, bese banquma ukwabelana nawo wonke umphakathi womsakazo we-radio.

Yini engasiza isofthiwe eyenzelwe ama-radio amateurs?

Iziphi izinkinga noma imisebenzi engasiza izinhlelo ze-radio amateurs? Uma udinga ukuhlola noma ukubala umsebenzi we-microcircuits noma i-microcontrollers kusengaphambili, yilolu hlelo lokusebenza. Ingabe udinga ukulinganisela ukulinganisela umthamo kwenye i-node? Kukhona isofthiwe ezokwenza. Bonisa ukuthi konke kuzobukeka kanjani ngokubukeka? Futhi lokhu kungenzeka. Futhi ngokubala izibalo, izinkomba noma izihlonzi zemininingwane, futhi akufanelekile ukukhuluma ngakho - kunezinhlelo eziningi ezinjalo. Futhi manje ake sifinyelele emakhonweni aloluhlobo luni lwezinhlelo zamahhala zomsakazo we-radio, nokuthi kungani ziwusizo.

Isofthiwe eyenzelwe ukusebenza ne-microcontroller noma microcircuits

Ama-radio amateurs asebenza ne-AVR bayokujabulela ukwenza inqubo yokuhlela. Futhi ngokuqondile kule njongo uhlelo lweForMC lwakhiwe. Ikuvumela ukuba uchaze ikhodi yomlingisi, uyikhiphe, ubale izimo zokumamatheka ukuze uthole isivinini esidingekayo semisebenzi eyabelwe umphathi we-microcontroller, ukuhumusha izithombe ze-monochrome nesandiso esingu-128 * 64 esimeni sohlobo lwe- "data array", ukuze ulisebenzise ohlelweni lwe-microcontroller Inkomba yezithombe.

Uma umsakazo womsakazo esebenza nesifunda futhi ufuna ukwenza ikhadi elizwakalayo elizokhiqiza imisindo yemvamisa ethile, i- generator audio audio iyasiza . Kunezinhlelo eziningi kangaka zale njongo futhi zenzelwe izinhloso eziningi futhi ngaphansi kwezimo zomsebenzi ezinjalo, kanti abanye abanjengazo, ukuthi akukho mqondo wokunikeza isibonelo sekhonkrithi yesofthiwe ethile. Kukhompyutha ngayinye nezimo ezikhethekile (imvamisa, i-microcircuit, njll), ungakhetha uhlelo oluhlukile oluzokuvumela ukuba usebenzise lo mbono ngokuphelele.

Ihlola isofthiwe

Uhlu olubanzi kakhulu lwezicelo lungenziwa lapha. Maye, ubukhulu be-athikili akukuvumeli ukuthi uchaze zonke izinhlobo ze-software nezinhlelo ezingasetshenziswa ngumsakazo womsakazo ekusesheni kwabo kokudala. Kodwa ezinye zisadingeka ukucubungula.

Uhlelo lwe-coil32 luzothandwa yilabo abasebenza ngezakhi ezinamandla (ukuklama abawamukeli, abathumeli, izikhulumi). Isetshenziselwa ukubala amakhoyili we-inductance adingekayo ekusebenzeni ngokugcwele. Ezimweni ezinhle kuqala kudingekile ukufakazela ukuthi lolu hlelo luyinto yonke futhi luhamba phambili, okuyinto ebaluleke kulabo abavame ukushintsha amakhompyutha.

Isofthiwe yokuboniswa

Izinhlelo ezinjalo zisiza ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokudalwa isidalwa esiyoba nalo, ukubala konke okudingekayo nokuthi uzobekwa kanjani.

Uhlelo lweSprint Layout lusetshenziselwa ukwakha ama-PCB anenkimbinkimbi ezincane naphakathi. Izinzuzo eziyinhloko zifaka isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo esilula futhi enembile esinakho konke okudingayo futhi akukho okungahle kusebenze ukusebenza namabhodi. Ukucwaninga ngobuchwepheshe, ngeke kusebenze, ngoba lolu hlelo lungakwazi ukubala kuphela amabhodi amancane angenayo inombolo ebalulekile yezinto. Lokhu akuzona zonke izinhlelo eziwusizo, okuningi-okuningi.

Uhlelo lokubala

Izinhlelo azikho ngomqondo wokuthi izibalo ezivamile, kodwa ngokuthi zisiza ukubala imingcele edingekayo yomsebenzi. Nasi isibonelo sesibonelo ezifana ne "Electrician Calculator", esakhiwe ngumsebenzisi owaziwa ngokuthi i-Ivan219. Ngokusebenza kwayo, lesi sibalo singaqhathaniswa neprosesa yokudla, kodwa kumsakazo we-radio. Lolu hlelo lubala inductance, ukumelana, ikhoyili kwi ring ring ferrite kanye core, nokunye okuningi. Kukhona futhi incwadi encane yereferensi yokumaketha, ukumisa kanye nabathengi be-SMD. Futhi ngalokhu ukusebenza komsebenzi akupheli: lapha kungenzeka ukuthi uthole ama-analogs for transistors noma microcircuits. Lokhu akukona kuphela ukubala, kepha uhlelo-lwemibhalo yomsakazo we-radio, sicabanga ukuthi abafundi baqonda ukuthi kungani lokhu kuwombono oshisekayo.

Izinhlelo zoLwazi

Cishe akukho wesifunda ongakwenza ngaphandle kokumelana. Kwenzeka ukuthi udinga ukuthenga i-transistor, kodwa ayikho indlela yokuyiqonda. Uhlelo Rezistor v1.0 lulungisa leli phutha. Yenzelwe ukusebenza ngamafoni, futhi uma udlala imidlalo kuselula yakho, izoqala. Ngesizo salo, ungathatha ukubonakala kombono, okuphambi kwakho, futhi uhlelo luzobonisa ngokushesha ukumelana kwalo. Ngokuvamile, kukhona ukudoba okulodwa-konke emsebenzini: uhlelo luhanjiswa ngolimi lwesiCzech, kodwa akuyona inkinga ebalulekile: konke kucacile ezingeni eliphezulu.

Futhi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa nakho kuyathandwa. Uhlelo "Transistor" ngu-Valery Kucherenko luzosiza ekunqumeni imininingwane ephambi kwe-amateur yomsakazo. Incazelo yenziwa ngokumaka. Izinzuzo zalolu hlelo zibandakanya iqiniso lokuthi liqukethe ngisho nezinkomba zokungena ezijwayelekile.

Futhi uma ufuna ukukhuluma namanye ama-amateurs we-radio, okungukuthi, uhlelo olunjalo. Ibizwa ngokuthi "i-Virtual umgogodla yelungu: uhlelo lwe-radio amateurs". Isetshenziselwa ukuxhumana ngezikhathi ezine, lapho umuntu ehlezi khona. Futhi labo abathintekayo, ungathola ukubonisana ngokugcwele emsebenzini wokwenza umsebenzi. Kodwa izinhlelo eziwusizo azipheli lapho.

Kukhona enye intuthuko enhle yendawo yonke, ongasebenzisa ngayo amalebuli wombala ukuthola ukuthi imiphi imilasi noma i-capacitor phambi kwakho. Uma kuqhathaniswa nohlelo lwe-Czech isikhombikubona esincane esincane, kodwa sisebenza kahle futhi ngesiRashiya. O, yebo, uhlelo ngokwayo aluzange luboniswe - yiResss.

Izinhlelo zezingxenye lapho umsebenzi uqhubeka khona

Uma usebenza ne-transformer ngamandla angafika ku-500 W, enesisindo sama-50 Hz, ke uhlelo oluwusizo ongakhonza uhlelo lwe-Transformer. Kuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlangana kwamandla ayo.

Futhi, labo abavame ukusebenzisana nezinhlelo ezingabizi kakhulu zezimboni bayazi ukuthi ukubala ngesandla ukuhlunga kuyisikhathi eside, ngakho-ke noma iyiphi indlela yokwenza umsebenzi ilula. Ikakhulukazi kubantu abanjalo, kwenziwa uhlelo oluthile lokunquma izihlungi ze-AS besebenzisa izibalo ezihlanganisiwe ngokwemigomo ka-Aldoshina noTereshchuk.