Art French: izici jikelele, umlando

History of the art French ihlanganisa inkathi omkhulu yomlando kusukela Antiquity kuze kuzofika manje.

France - ezweni elihle, okuyinto sici imfihlakalo futhi yinkimbinkimbi, ubukhazikhazi kanye yinkimbinkimbi, kokuphakama futhi uzonxanela esikhethekile zonke izinto ezinhle. Futhi umlando kumiswa esiyingqayizivele salo, esiwulwazi isibe lokuma ubuciko ezihlukahlukene futhi eyingqayizivele engengaphansi isimanga kuka isimo uqobo.

INGEMUVA ukwakha Frankish umbuso

Ukuze siqonde izici ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa yobuciko isiFulentshi, kubalulekile ukwenza akanhlanhlatsi ku umlando isikhathi ngaphezulu lasendulo, lapho insimu ka isimo yesimanje French wawuyingxenye njengombusi woMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma. Ikhulu IV waqala ukunyakaza asebenzayo izizwe ngowezizwe we Rhine kuya emingceleni Empire. Ahlasela aze futhi zithi gqwa emazweni yaseRoma abavezwe ungumbuso ongayikuchithwa, kakhulu libukelwa phansi isimo latin. Futhi 395, uMbuso wamaRoma ngokwayo lalihlukene phakathi kwabantwana bakwa-Emperor zamanje zibe izingxenye ezimbili: uTheodosius wayala ecebe esempumalanga insimu yalo owamazibulo Arkady nasentshonalanga wanika indodana encane - Honorius. Lesi sigaba okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma phezu ingxenye buthaka lo esesibuthakathaka kakade yombuso wamaRoma futhi walenza kusengozini yokuthi izitha wangaphandle.

Insimu France yesimanje wawuyingxenye ingxenye wangaphambili entshonalanga okubi okwakugcwele eMbusweni WaseRoma. Lisho eqinile e amabutho ngonyaka 410 inflicted eRoma yamaVisigoth, ngubani ephethwe Allar. I last umbusi waseRoma besesimweni esibuthakathaka wayifaka Ravenna, kokushiya eRoma okuphakade. Kwakulapho ukuthi lifika ibutho Odoacer - omunye izinduna ehola Visigoth isizwe. Kuyinto kulesi sehlakalo esenzeka 476, bese uxhuma ukuwa wokugcina ka ngaphansi koMbuso WaseRoma. On amazwe kwatholakala kokugqashuka Ukufuduka Okukhulu yaqala ukubonakala isimo ngesihluku. Ekhulwini V e izingxenye eGaul sekukhona futhi franc isimo.

isimo Frankish kanye nokuthuthukiswa art French

Franks - iqembu izizwe zakwa ubudala, sahlala osebeni neRhine sifinyelela yayo ephansi, futhi ngasogwini oLwandle iBaltic. UMsunguli Frankish umbuso wokuqala eYurophu kwakuyi zomholi omncane zamaJalimane Hlodvig Meroving, owabahlula ibutho umbusi ongumRoma eGaul Battle of Soissons futhi wamdonsa abangaphansi zensimu. I amasimu amasha ukuthi baphinde nabangane bakhe - franc, ebanikeza iziza, aphethwe uchungechunge yezinguquko uhulumeni ekuphathweni kwemisebenzi yomphakathi futhi emkhakheni zokwahlulela nomthetho, e enacting idokhumenti esiyingqayizivele - "Salic umthetho", esekelwe umyalelo isizwe ejwayelekile Salian Franks. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile sakhokhwa kukhethwa uClovis ukholo. Ukwamukelwa ubuKristu hhayi kuphela ukuqinisa isimo entsha, kodwa nazo zathonywa ukwakheka art Frankish.

Ngemva lwamakhosi Merovingian baba lazy ukulawula izici zokuphila embusweni kwaqala kakhulu. Yazi athumba ezweni wasebukhosini. ukuyekelela yaqhakaza ukuphathwa iziza kwabo izikhulu futhi abalimi. Ukwandisa phansi sabantu. Esikhathini kusondela VIII kwekhulu futhi usongo zangaphandle ezivela izizwe zama-Arabhu ayimizulane. Amandla ezandleni zabo yathatha omunye kwabenzalo abaphathi zokugcina Merovingian yinkosi Karl Martell. Wabamba izinguquko eziningana, okuyinto isisize ukuqinisa isimo ehlulwa Arabhu. Indodana noKarla Martella, Pippin iDemo wakhethwa ukuba ibhodi entsha franc yinkosi yezikhulu. Lokhu kukhetha waqinisekiswa upapa. Indodana Frankish umbusi wokuqala sika Pippin le iDemo uCarl, ngemuva okuyinto wethiwa Omkhulu emlandweni. Lokho Charles Frankish Empire ukweleta esiteji ekhethekile izimbali amasiko zobuciko, othiwa Carolingian Renaissance.

Ubuciko "yasekuqaleni" Franks

Uma siqonda izici zendalo futhi kusungulwa i-Frankish isimo, kuyacaca, futhi isiphetho amagugu amasiko, ise-Endulo yamasimu Frankish. Lokhu kwakungenxa ukuthuthukiswa impucuko yasendulo: amabhuloho, zokuhlala nethempeli izakhiwo, ebaziwe, izincwadi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini yobuciko neyezandla. Nokho, abefundisi bama yamaKristu abazange bebona kudingekile ukulondoloza lezi yengcebo zamasiko, kodwa ukusebenzisa lolo ingxenye kubo okungase bazivumelanisa yokukhulekela okungokwenkolo futhi umuntu ukuphila emgwaqweni. Ngakho, ukukhulekela e obuKristu owaqhutshelwa e-Latin, ngolimi olufanayo, futhi zalotshelwa izincwadi zenkolo.

Sebenzisa uyathola yezakhiwo endala Kwakudingeka baqale ukwakhiwa kwamasonto zezindela, ukusetshenziswa ulwazi yezinkanyezi wasiza ikhalenda isonto ukubala usuku, okuyinto Ephakathi wamemezela ukuphila kwawo wonke umbuso. Franks futhi zifanelane nezidingo zabo kanye lefundo ngasekupheleni uMbuso WaseRoma. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi izihloko eziyinkimbinkimbi, bafundelwa izikole Frankish, ngokuthi "The Seven Liberal Arts". Mayelana lokho ubuciko okukhulunywa? Esikhathini trivium okuthiwa sakhiwe isayensi izwi: lolimi, mpendulo futhi dialectic. I quadrivium yayihlanganisa isayensi izinombolo: izibalo, i-geometry, umculo, ngezikhawu zomculo njengoba Computing nesayensi yokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi.

Esikhathini yobuciko neyezandla isiko wanqoba umsebenzi ngesihluku, okwakubekelwa libhekene usebenzisa abanye ushukunyiswa main yezitshalo nezilwane ngemihlobiso izithombe izilo noma izilwane ukuthi abekho ngokoqobo, futhi ngokuvamile babe ukubukeka kunalokho kube yinto esabisayo. Lolu hlobo lobuciko wabiza Terratological noma eyesabekayo.

Ubuciko Isiko imvuselelo Carolingian

Phakathi nokubusa noKarla Velikogo it libhekene ukwanda ngendlela engakaze ibonwe isiko. Esinye isizathu salokhu kuyinto ubuntu yombusi - indoda impela futhi enolwazi cultured kakhulu. Wakhuluma ngokukhululekile futhi ufunde e-Latin, wayesazi isiGreki bewathanda wezenkolo nefilosofi. Omunye izakhiwo esiyingqayizivele ezakhiwo le nkathi yayimangaza e yomhlobiso wawo esontweni isigodlo Aachen.

Futhi athuthukiswe ikhono lokwenza emibhalweni yesandla: zalotshelwa wesandla cishe ohlotshisiwe luhlotshiswe emincanyana amahle. Phakathi lezi zincwadi kokubili imibhalo theological and zemihla - isikhathi ezisekelwe kufakwa yezinto ezenzeka eMbusweni Frankish.

UMbuso wavula izikole igxile ukuqeqeshwa okuyisisekelo kanye elite. UMdali lowokuqala kwakungu-ally noKarla Alkuin. Futhi esikoleni elite, wavula ngo Aachen, ihlanganisa ososayensi, umndeni Umbusi lonke enkantolo noKarla Velikogo. Lesi sikole esibizwa ngokuthi "i-Academy of iNkantolo", babe nezingxoxo zefilosofi, watadisha iBhayibheli futhi isiko endulo, ukuqagela nezimfumbe kanye izinkondlo sakhiwa. Futhi omunye amalungu Academy wabhala biography lokuqala wokuziphilisa 'Ukuphila noKarla Velikogo ".

Kwaba ngenkathi we Carolingian Renaissance yabeka isisekelo ukugcinwa ukuvuselelwa amasiko amaGreki asendulo futhi isisekelo sokuthethelelwa ukuqhubeka nesiko franc.

Kumiswa French njengesizwe

Phakathi nokubusa inzalo ka noKarla Velikogo umbuso edala ezingasho buthaka. Lapho umbuso lalihlukene phakathi kwamadodana akhe Charles, western ingxenye waya owamazibulo Elisabeth. inzalo yakhe baqhubeka buthakathaka isimo wahlukana. Empire wawa. Umthetho wokugcina Carolingian ekugcineni laphelelwa ithonya kanye abangu wagudluzwa. Wanikeza ilungelo ukwazi ebhodini ngesikhathi Ukubala enamandla Paris Gugo Kapetu. Kuyinto ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi yangaphambili Frankish Empire seyaziwa ngokuthi iFrance. Ngenxa umthetho omusha isimo Capetian hhayi kuphela savuka, kodwa futhi uthole amathuba okuthuthukisa yabo, kuhlanganise namasiko.

Folk ubuciko France medieval

Yaseshashalazini, umculo kanye enkathini ephakathi futhi wabona eziningi izinguquko uma ziqhathaniswa lasendulo. ibandla lika Krestu kubhekwe nabalingisi kulokho dimoni landela kakhulu elangenza kwezobuciko. Ngenxa yalokho, le nkundla njengoba enzeka omningi uye beqiniso lashabalala, amathiyetha izinkundla izakhiwo kancane kancane yawela esimweni isiphithiphithi, futhi abadlali baqala ukwakha qembu zulazulani futhi idlalwe abantu lapho kwakuphambana, ngendlela engachemile. iqembu yeselula umlingisi enemisebenzi - gistrionov babe target kancane elula ukushushiswa yiziphathimandla esontweni, wakhe uthumele futhi siphishekela imigomo yabo ngesikhathi esifanayo ngokuqondene isici ekudalweni isiqondiso gistrionov futhi troubadours - ukuhamba abaculi. Iqembu olukhethekile Vagant - abafundi zangaphambili noma izindela eyayinawo futhi prosody ngobakhamuzi art zomculo ukuthi ayezulazula imigwaqo wodwa imisebenzi yakhe noma ahlabelela ngakho uthando ngingowenyama, noma bagxeka ezibolile neSonto noMbuso ebolile.

Three sphere yobuciko medieval

9/10 labantu France medieval babe abalimi. Ngoba eziyisisekelo isimo isiko kungachazwa njengendlela ongumlimi. Iningi usuku ayichitha umlinyana medieval usebenza ezweni uJehova amakhosi asendulo. Kodwa lokhu akusho ukuthi akazange abe isidingo isikhathi inkhulumomphendvulwano amasiko zobuciko. Abaningi babo kwakungabantu ukucula nokusina umsebenzi kwezinkampani, ukuncintisana amandla nokushesha. Indawo ekhethekile ubuciko ekubhekaneni ukubukwa ehlasela gistrionov ukubukwa. Athuthukisiwe kanye zamasiko. Ukuhlakanipha kwabantu kubonakala e temdzabu: yezinganekwane, iculo, izaga kanye namazwi. Isihloko esikhulu kwaba ukuxoxa ihlazo oyisiwula sicebi abampofu, kepha ompofu ndoda enomusa okwenzeka, njengoba umthetho, ophuma emkhayeni ompofu. Tales babe ostrosotsialnymi: wavula sisakubona umphakathi emkhakheni of ubudlelwano yezikhulu futhi abantukazana, kanye wakhuluma share esindayo abalimi. Wadala legends, ballads ekhazimulisa nezigigaba eziningi amaqhawe esizwe abalwela nodumo isithunzi kumuntu ovamile futhi ezenzweni zonya amakhosi asendulo.

Uhlangothi lwesibili isiko ephakathi art kwaba ukuphila edolobheni, ukukhula nokwanda zazo iye yabonakala kusukela ngekhulu IX. Ukuvela isigaba ezinjalo, wobunxiwankulu, kwaba ukuqala ukuthuthukiswa isiko wobunxiwankulu. phelelisa Ngokushesha ikhono netingcweti temsebenti. Thina ukuguqula izimiso zomsebenzi wabo futhi imikhiqizo izinga ekhiqizwa, eziningi zazo okwamanje lenani eliphakeme njengoba yobuciko yobuciko zokuhlobisa. Kuyinto kusukela kwavela lesi sikhathi ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke yigama ezifana "wobuciko". Ngamunye master, engenayo inhlangano elangenza kwakudingeka babonise amakhono abo futhi wenze umkhiqizo esiphelele. Kwakuyisikhathi wobuciko. Kancane kancane kwakheka isimiso ukuxhumana kanye umncintiswano neminyango ukuthi ekuqaleni kwaba lukwazi ukushukumisa ekuthuthukiseni yezandla. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, esitolo waqala ukugxambukela yezandla ukuthuthukisa, njengoba izimbangi akazange abafuna ukusinda sezingcweti abanamakhono kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi wayengafuni imfihlo yokukhiqiza of umkhiqizo noma inqubo impahla wawela ezandleni encintisana ngoba. Ngokuvamile amalungu ubuzalwane inhlangano yashisa okusunguliwe, futhi ngezinye izikhathi beshushiswa Abadali zabo.

wesithathu isiko ephakathi ubuciko kwakuyiyona khona ezweni ahlukene ukhomba ngophakathi - amakhosi asendulo. Njengomthetho, zonke izinduna inkonzo yezempi eyenziwa phambi kwenkosi, njengoba akhonze yakhe siqu. noMbusi wababusi oluncane akhonze ngokunqoba amakhosi abo - .. kwezicebi, Earls, njll Ukuthwala Equestrian inkonzo yezempi, base into eyenziwa ngenkathi ephakathi emphakathini njengoba Chivalry. isiko Knight sika besihambisana nesiminyaminya futhi art yayo ekhethekile. Lezi zihlanganisa ubuciko elingenamikhono Chivalry izikhali - ivolumu mshini knightly umndeni noma knight olulodwa. Izifanekiselo esakhiwe ngezinto ezibizayo - ngegolide nangesiliva, koqweqwe lwawo noboya marten noma amaprotheni. Ngamunye elingenamikhono izingalo kwaba umthombo obalulekile zomlando umsebenzi eyigugu yobuciko.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi kohlaka chivalric isiko abafana - Knights esizayo - nobuciko wafundisa ezifana ukucula nokudansa, ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo. Bakhandwa abaqeqeshiwe kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuba nemikhuba emihle, sasazi eziningi izinkondlo eziningi Knights ngokwabo wabhala izinkondlo, nikela lady yabo enhle. Futhi-ke, kumelwe sikhumbule lesikhumbuzo esiyingqayizivele bokwakhiwa ephakathi - Inqaba the knight sika, ezakhiwa ngezinyanga isitayela Romanesque, kanye emathempelini okumangalisayo kuye kwaxoxwa elalizokwakhiwa e yonke imizi France, kuqala ku Romanesque, futhi kamuva - ku isitayela Gothic. Ithempeli elalidume kunawo wonke kubhekwa Cathedral of Notre Dame Paris futhi laseReims Cathedral - endaweni ka wokugcotshwa amakhosi French.

Art liphuma French

Renaissance, ephathelene ne-round esisha isithakazelo ifa lasendulo kwamasiko kanye ubuciko, wazalelwa e-Italy libalele ekhulwini XIV. E-Fulansi, Renaissance Amathrendi ziyabonakala isiko nezinto zobuciko kuze kube sekupheleni kwekhulu xv. Kodwa lesi sikhathi sidonsa eFrance kuka e-Italy, ukuba XVI, futhi ngekhulu XVII. Ukwanda emkhakheni amasiko zobuciko State French kuye kwahlotshaniswa kwaqedwa ubunye ezweni ngaphansi Louis XI.

Disengagement kusukela isiko Gothic ubuciko France ezenzeka mayelana nemikhankaso njalo yamakhosi e-Italy, lapho bahlangana nge amazing art Italian Yenguquko. Nokho, ngokungafani Italy, ubuciko lesi sikhathi eFrance enkantolo ezingaphezu kuka kazwelonke.

Ngokuphathelene ubuzwe yobuciko isiFulentshi, ummeleli eliqhakazile izincwadi zakhe kwaba imbongi emangalisayo Fransua Rable, ukudala izinkondlo eziqanjiwe, behlakaniphile futhi bejabule.

Uma sikhuluma zobuciko kwalesi sikhathi, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi abafana kwezincwadi zenkolo wokuziphilisa komculo ukuthambekela enengqondo. Umdwebi sokuqala ngqá art French kwesikhathi kwaba Zhan Fuke, washiya yesizukulwane ifa elikhulu ngesimo ekumeni of aristocrats kanye Royals, abafana, namathafa, diptych esibonisa Madonna.

UMargarita Navarrskaya abamenyiwe eFrance futhi amakhosi Italian Yenguquko: Rosso futhi Primaticcio, owaba abasunguli wesikole Fontainebleau - isiqondiso art French yokudweba ukuthi kwavela ifa Fontainebleau. Lokhu kuthambekela kwaba sisekelwe eenkambisweni ka banomkhuba, kabani abamele ekuqaleni abasunguli lesikole, futhi libhekene ukusetshenziswa themes basezinganekwaneni futhi allegories kuyinkimbinkimbi. imithombo Ilondolozwe, amagama ukushaya nezinye abaculi owaba nengxenye Umklamo enqabeni Fontainebleau: amaNtaliyane Pellegrino futhi Zhyust De Juste, amaFulentshi Simon Lerua, Claude Baduen Charles Doreen Fleming Tirey Leonard et al.

Ekhulwini XVI eFrance ayenziwa uhlobo portrait, ebabazekayo ipensela. Okunabileko imisebenzi Jean Clouet, wayenikeze iningi inkantolo French.

I ebaziwe kwalesi sikhathi eFrance exhunywe ne igama Michel Colombe, workshop enze kuhlanganise izithombe impumuzo nencazelo zefilosofi we tombstones. Okunye futhi unesithakazelo umsebenzi Zhana Guzhona, egcwele musicality akhethekile asinazo izithombe asankondlo isitayela ukusebenza.

Counterweight the obunobunye uphelele ngobuhle bayo nangobuciko yobuciko Goujon waqala umsebenzi kwenye umqophi kwalesi sikhathi - Germain Pilon. Ziyakwazi lifana e inkulumo yabo kanye hypertrophy imizwa nemizwelo ngocansi imisebenzi Expressionist kwekhulu XIX. Zonke izinhlamvu zinengqondo kakhulu, ngisho okungokwemvelo, amadlingozi futhi zizimbi.

Art French: yekhulu le-17

XVI ekhulwini kwaba inkathi yempi nezinxushunxushu esimweni French. Esikhathini ikota yokuqala yekhulu XVII, amandla uye waqina eFrance. Ikakhulukazi inqubo okusheshayo yinye kwamandla usephendukele ngaphansi uLouis XIII, lapho wonke umuntu kuleli zwe ran Cardinal uRichelieu. Abantu wabubula ngaphansi kwejoka ebukhosini futhi imithwalo emsebenzini nsuku zonke. Nokho, amakhosi ohlanga absolutist kube nesandla kuphela ukuze ziqinise futhi kwandiswe amandla eFrance, kodwa futhi ekutheni kule nkathi izwe isibe omunye ekuholeni, phakathi kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu. Ngokungangabazeki, leli luwuthinte ukuthuthukiswa kanye izitayela main amasiko zobuciko kuleli zwe.

French art ngekhulu le-17 kungenziwa cishe kuchazwa njengoba inkantolo olusemthethweni, okwakubekelwa esashiwo abaqhoshayo futhi ezihlotshisiwe isitayela Baroque.

Ngokungafani ubukhazikhazi nehaba baraque art zokuhlobisa France usunike ezindaweni ezimbili: okwangempela futhi classicism. Esokuqala kwaba isikhalo kukhombisa impilo yangempela njengabahlinzeki be kwaba, ngaphandle embellishment. Ngaphakathi kwalolu hlaka, ukuthuthukisa uhlobo ne portrait, kweBhayibheli kanye izinhlobo basezinganekwaneni.

Classicism zobuciko French ibonisa ngokuyinhloko isihloko duty zomphakathi, ekunqobeni umphakathi phezu ngazinye, isizathu kwezifiso. Basuke isebangeni njengoba kuqhathaniswa ukungapheleli emhlabeni wangempela, enhle okufanele silwele, enikela izithakazelo siqu. Zonke-ke ngokuyisisekelo ihlobene ubuciko esihle yeFrance. Isisekelo art classical baba isiko wakudala. Futhi lokhu kuye kwabonakala izakhiwo zakudala kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuba nesimo sesakhiwo kwaba engaphansi kakhulu ezintweni ezingokoqobo isimo futhi subordinated ngokuphelele absolutism.

Isikhathi kwekhulu XVII isimo French libhekene ukwakhiwa inqwaba core ensembles yezakhiwo kanye izakhiwo esigodlweni. Phakathi nale nkathi, kuba izakhiwo wokuziphilisa kuziwa ziza kuqala.

Uma sikhuluma bubhalwe ukuthambekela yalezi e zobuciko, kumelwe kuphawulwe umsebenzi Nikolya Pussena - omele emangalisayo kwenkathi yobuciko okuyinto emelela esifanayo futhi umbono generalized zezwe, futhi amandla longapheli ukuphila yobuciko lasendulo.

Art French: 18th Century

Ngokuphathelene art French kwekhulu XVIII, lena isihloko ehlukile ingxoxo eside. Kafushane, ubuciko French kwalesi sikhathi kwaba umbhikisho we izenzakalo ezimbi empilweni yomphakathi: i absolutism waqala ukubola, izicukuthwane wahola yobukhazikhazi, parasitizing ku neminye imikhakha yomphakathi. kunganeliseki kwavela ngemva kokubona phakathi uquqaba, kuholele inguquko ngendlela yobunxiwankulu, okwaphumela Republic yasungulwa eFrance. Konke lokhu kubonakala ubuciko France ngekhulu le-18.

Ukwanda entsha namasiko kwakuhambisana nezinga eliphansi nethonya elikhulu umsebenzi isimiso kazwelonke, okwakubekelwa ngokuyinhloko liphinyiselwe umculo. Yaseshashalazini, indima esemqoka kwaba ukwenza amahlaya, ngenkuthalo ekuthuthukiseni masque fair, opera art. Abadali ezimbalwa waphendukela izifundo zenkolo, ngokwethukela ekuthuthukiseni art wokuziphilisa. isiko French kwalesi sikhathi yayihlukahlukene kakhulu futhi ngigcwele ukuqhathanisa. okwangempela art badlulisela icala ukudalulwa abantu emhlabeni amakilasi nomphakathi: imizwa yakhe futhi nakho, ohlangothini zokuphila kwansuku zonke, ukuhlaziywa ngokwengqondo.

French 19 art ekhulwini

Uma siqhubekela phambili. Asikhulume kafushane mayelana art French kwekhulu XIX. Pilo lo isikhathi isimo libhekene yolunye ukukhula wokunganeliseki ethandwa futhi washo okucatshangwa wamavukelambuso ngemva kokubuyiselwa kwamakhosi French. Isihloko umzabalazo ubuqhawe isibe omunye ehamba phambili e zobuciko. Kwathiwa kubonakala ngezindlela ezintsha umdwebo - historicism futhi romanticism. Kodwa nge academicism e zobuciko kwalesi sikhathi kukhona umzabalazo.

Ukutadisha isici umbala imidwebo kuholela ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo uhlobo landscape, futhi ubuyekeze yonke izinhlelo yokudweba French.

ukuthuthukiswa Special uthola kule nkathi yobuciko neyezandla njengoba nje iningi libonisa nezifiso abantu. ethandwa kakhulu iyona imbande, asizivumeli inqubo elula ngokusebenzisa imifanekiso satirical zembula ukukhubazeka kanye nezinkinga zomphakathi.

Eqinisweni, documentary iba zomlando umthombo inkathi etching. etchings Ngokusho ungakwazi ukufunda umlando we XIX leminyaka France.

art isiFulentshi, njengoba sesibonile, elikhulu kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene, futhi buhlobene eduze izici of isimo French. Inkathi ngayinye - block omkhulu okudinga ukuvezwa ekhethekile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukwenza kwelinye sihloko.