Umlobi uFrancois Rabelais: Biography kanye nobuciko

UFrancois Rabelais (iminyaka yokuphila - 1494-1553) ngumlobi owaziwa ngabantu ovela eFrance. Wathola udumo lomhlaba ngokusebenzisa inkulumo ethi "Gargantua nePagagruel." Le ncwadi iyisikhumbuzo se-encyclopedic se-Renaissance eFrance. Ukulahla ukuxhaswa kweNkathi Ephakathi, ubandlululo nobuzenzisi, uRabelais emifanekisweni embi kakhulu yabalingiswa, ephefumlelwe ngosomi, wembula izimiso zesintu ezibonakalayo ngesikhathi sakhe.

Umsebenzi wompristi

URabelais wazalelwa eTouine ngo-1494. Ubaba wakhe wayengumnikazi womhlaba owenza kahle. Cishe ngo-1510, uFrancois waba isikhungo sezindela. Wenza izifungo ngo-1521. Ngo-1524, izincwadi zaseGreek zathathwa eRabelais. Iqiniso liwukuthi izazi zemfundiso yenkolo yama-orthodox ngesikhathi sokusakazwa kwamaProthestani zazisola ulimi lwesiGreki, zibhekwa njengamahloni. Wanika ithuba lokuhumusha iTestamente Elisha ngendlela yakhe. UFrançois kwadingeka ahambe aye eBenedictines, ebekezela kakhulu kulokhu. Kodwa-ke, ngonyaka ka-1530 wanquma ukuphinda futhi aye eMontpellier ukuyohlola imithi. Lapha ngo-1532 uRabelais washicilela imisebenzi kaGalen noHippocrates, abahlengikazi abadumile. Futhi eMontpellier, wayenezingane ezimbili kumfelokazi. Babhaliswa ngokomthetho ngo-1540 ngomyalo kaPapa Paul IV.

Umsebenzi wezokwelapha

URabelais wavunyelwa ukuba ngumpristi wezwe ngo-1536. Waqala ukusebenza kwezokwelapha. UFrançois waba udokotela wezidakamizwa ngo-1537 futhi wakhuluma ngale sayensi eYunivesithi yaseMontpellier. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wayengumuntu odokotela ngaphansi kweCardinal J. du Belle. URabelais kabili wahambisana nekhadineli eRoma. UFrançois konke ukuphila kwakhe kwakunakekelwa yizombusazwe abathintekayo (uMnuz. Navarre, G. du Belle), kanye nabafundisi abakhulu abavela ezikhulwini. Lokhu kwasindisa uRabelais ezinkingeni eziningi okushicilelwa yileveli yakhe.

Inkaba "Gargantua nePagagruel"

URabelais wathola ukubiza kwakhe kweqiniso ngo-1532. Ngemva kokuzijwayeza "incwadi ethi abantu mayelana neGargantua," uFrançois washicilela ekulandiseni "umlotha" wakhe ngeNkosi yamaDipsods Pantagruel. Esikhathini eside eside somsebenzi kaFrançois igama lenkosi u-Alcocribas, okusolakala ukuthi wabhala le ncwadi, ibhalwe ohlwini. I-Alcocirrus Nazier iyi-anagram enamagama egama negama likaRabelais ngokwakhe. Le ncwadi yalahlwa yi-Sorbonne ngokunyanyisa, kodwa umphakathi wawuwamukela ngenjabulo. Indaba yamaGiants yayimnandi kwabaningi.

Ngo-1534, u-Francisis Rabelais wesintu udale enye incwadi ngesihloko eside, elandisa ngokuphila kweGargantua. Lo msebenzi nge logic kufanele ulandele owokuqala, njengoba uGargantua ubaba wePagagruel. Ngo-1546, kwavela enye incwadi yesithathu. Lasayinwe ngomshini wesigcawu, kodwa ngegama lakhe uFrancois Rabelais. I-Sorbonne nayo yalahla lo msebenzi ngenkohliso. Kwaphela isikhathi, uFrancois Rabelais kwadingeka azifihle ekushushisweni.

I-biography yakhe ibhalwe ngencwadi ngo-1548 yencwadi yesine, engakaqediwe. Inguqulo ephelele ivele ngo-1552. Lesi sikhathi, isahlulelo sikaS Sorbonne asizange siyeke lapho. Le ncwadi yayivinjelwe yiphalamende. Noma kunjalo, umlando wakwazi ukukhulunywa yizihlobo ezinamandla zikaFrancois. Ukugcina, incwadi yesihlanu yanyatheliswa ngo-1564, ngemuva kokufa komlobi. Abaningi abacwaningi baphikisana nombono wokuthi kufanele kufakwe emsebenzini kaFrancois Rabelais. Cishe, ngokusho kwamarekhodi akhe, udaba lwezindaba lwaqedwa ngomunye wabafundi bakhe.

Encyclopedia of laughter

I-Roman Francois iyi-encyclopedia yangempela yokuhleka. Iqukethe zonke izinhlobo zamahlaya. Akulula kithi ukuqonda ukucabangela okucashile komlobi we-erudite wekhulu le-16, ngoba into yokuhlekwa usulu sekuyisikhathi eside ikhona. Kodwa-ke, izilaleli zikaFrançois Rabelais zijabule kakhulu ngendaba yomtapo we-St Victor, lapho umlobi we-parodied (futhi evame ukuhlambalaza) wadlala amagama amaningi ezinkambiso zeNkathi Ephakathi: "Gulf of Law", "The Rescue Rod", "On Characteristics of Taverns" futhi Njll. Abacwaningi baqaphela ukuthi izinhlobo zesikhathi esidlule zokuhlaziywa komculo zihlotshaniswa ngokuyinhloko nesiko lomculo wezinhlanzi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezindlela ezinjalo zomsebenzi ezingabhekwa ngokuthi "ngokuphelele", ezikwazi ukudala ukuhleka nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi, ikakhulukazi, konke okuphathelene nempilo yabantu. Ihlala ingashintshi nganoma yisiphi isikhathi. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nomlando, isimo sengqondo sokushintsha kwemisebenzi yomzimba. Ngokuyinhloko, emasikweni okuhleka kwesiko, "izithombe ezisekelwe phansi nasemzimbeni" zikhonjiswe ngendlela ekhethekile (le ncazelo yanikezwa umcwaningi waseRussia M. M. Bakhtin). Ubuciko uFrancois Rabelais ngezindlela eziningi balandela lesi siko, esingabizwa ngokuthi simangele. Okungukuthi, lezi zithombe zaholela ekuhlekeni, okukwazi "ukungcwaba nokuvuselela" ngesikhathi esifanayo. Nokho, ezikhathini zanamuhla baqhubeka bekhona emkhakheni we-comic ephansi. Amahlaya amaningi asePanurge asalokhu ehlekisa, kodwa ngokuvamile awakwazi ukuphindaphinda noma ahunyushwe ngokunembile ngokusetshenziswa kwamazwi, asetshenziswa nguRabelais ngesibindi.

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kukaRabelais

Iminyaka yokugcina yokuphila kukaFrancois Rabelais ihlanganiswa imfihlakalo. Asazi lutho mayelana nokufa kwakhe, ngaphandle kwe-epitaphs yezinkondlo ezifana noPerre de Ronsard noJacques Tayuro. Okwokuqala kulezi zindlela, kuzwakalisa ukungajwayelekile futhi ngezwi akunjalo neze. Zombili lezi zi-epitaphs zakhiwe ngo-1554. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ngo-1553 uFrancois Rabelais washona. I-biography yakhe ayinikezi ulwazi olunokwethenjelwa ngisho nokuthi ngabe lo mbhali wangcwatshwa kuphi. Kukholakala ukuthi izidumbu zakhe zingcwatshwa eParis, emathuneni eSt. Paul's Cathedral.