George Blake: biography, amaqiniso athakazelisayo nezithombe

UGeorge Blake uneminyaka engu-93 ubudala. Uhamba nomhlanga futhi uvele uyimpumputhe, kodwa uyaqhubeka egqoka ngokunambitheka futhi usenengqondo ephawulekayo. Le ndoda, esanda kuphila e-dacha eduze neMoscow, ingaba iphutha ngomuntu ohlala emzaneni. Kodwa-ke, eqinisweni, lokhu kungomunye wezibalo ezithakazelisayo kunazo zonke emlandweni wobuqhawe.

UGeorge Blake, isikhulu sezobunhloli saseNgilandi, wayesebenza nge-double agent iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20. Wadlulisa imininingwane eyimfihlakalo e-USSR, eyaphazamisa izinhlelo eziningana zaseBrithani futhi yaholela ekudalweni kwamalungu amaningi aseBrithani. Ngo-1961 uGeorge Blake waboshwa ngenkohlakalo futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-42 ejele. Nokho, ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, wasinda. UBlake wabaleka eRussia, lapho esaphila khona. Ingabe ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe ngoGeorgie Blake? Isithombe sakhe kanye ne-biography, okushiwo kulesi sihloko, kuzokutshela lona muntu othakazelisayo.

Umsuka kaGeorge Blake

Okokuqala, ake sichaze kafushane umsuka wesiphathimandla se-English intelligence, okuyinto ethanda ukwazi. UGeorge Blake wazalwa ngoNovemba 11, 1922. Uyise wayengowokuzalwa eConstantinople, osomabhizinisi u-Albert William Bekhar, nonina - u-Kareyeva Ida Mikhailovna. Isikhathi somuthi wegama lomndeni uBéjar, ongowama-aristocracy angamaJuda, uneminyaka engaphezu kuka-600 ubudala. Ngezinkathi eziphakathi, okhokho baka-Albert Bekhar babehlala eSpain nasePortugal, bephumelela ngezimali nezentengiselwano. Ekhulwini le-15, u-Isaac Abravanel, omunye wabo, wakhonza njengoNgqongqoshe wezezimali ngaphansi kweNkosi u-Aragon Ferdinand V. Ngemva kwesikhashana umndeni wathuthela eTurkey naseGibhithe.

U-Albert Behar phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala elwa eFlanders eceleni kwebutho laseBrithani. Uthole isikhundla senkosikazi, wabulawa izikhathi eziningana, wathola imiklomelo eminingana yempi. U-Albert Behar wakhonza isikhathi esithile noMnumzane Marshal Haig ekomkhulu lezempi lobuhlakani. Ngo-1919, wahlangana eLondon noKatarina Gertruda Beyderllen, ongumDutch othakazelisayo. Umndeni wakubo wawuphawuleka futhi. Ngekhulu le-17 wanikeza eNetherlands izimbalwa eziningana nezinduna zesonto. U-Katarina no-Albert badala umndeni. Bashada ngoJanuwari 16, 1922 eLondon futhi bahlala eRotterdam. Abazali baqamba ngokuthi ingane yokuqala uGeorge ngokuhlonishwa kukaGeorge V. Emndenini emva kokuba uGeorge ezalwe amadodakazi amabili - u-Adele no-Elizabeth.

Ubuntwana

Ukugula kuka-Albert Behar kwanda kakhulu ngo-1935, futhi ngokushesha washona. UGeorge, ngemuva kokufa kukayise, wayenogogo wakhe eCairo iminyaka emithathu, lapho efunda esikoleni saseNgilandi. Endlini yakhe, wenza ubungane nendodana yakhe u-Henri Kurel, owayezibiza nge-communism. Kamuva, lo muntu waba omunye wabasunguli beCommunist Party of Egypt. Umbono kaHenri Kurel wathonya kakhulu umbono kaGeorge.

I-Holland yakwazi ukugwema ukusebenza ngamaJalimane phakathi neMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Ithemba lokuthola impumelelo elisha lalondolozwe ngo-1939. Nokho, ngoMeyi wonyaka olandelayo, ama-paratroopers aseJalimane aqeda imigwaqo ephakathi kweThe Hague ne-Rotterdam. Emva kwalokho amathangi aseJalimane ahambela kule mizi evela emngceleni osempumalanga wezwe. Lezi zindiza zaqhuma umuzi kanye nechweba. Ukusuka eRotterdam kwakukhona izidumbu kuphela.

Ukuboshwa nokubalekela ekamu

AmaGestapo afunda ukuthi uGeorge Behar, ngaleso sikhathi owayeneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, ungumBritish. Uboshwe masinyane wabekwa ekamu enyakatho ye-Amsterdam. Kule ndawo amaFulentshi abanjwe namaNgisi (izakhamizi) agcinwa.

UGeorge oneminyaka engu-18 ngo-Agasti 1940, wasinda kuleli kamu, elondolozwe amasosha ase-SS. U-Anthony Beyderwell, umalume kaGeorge, wathola indawo lapho umbaleki angafihla khona kuma-SS. Ngokushesha uBlake waqala ukukhonza njengomxhumanisi weqembu lamaDashi Resistance, owasebenzisana nebutho laseNetherlands ne-British intelligence.

Ukuya e-England, ukuguqula igama nokusebenza ku-MI6

Ngosuku lokuhlasela, odadewabo nomama kaBlake (esithombeni esingezansi, uGeorge nomama wakhe) bakwazi ukuhamba baya eNgilandi. Babenesihlalo sombhubhisi waseBrithani, omunye walabo abafika ekuthunjeni uhulumeni waseDutch kanye nomndeni wasebukhosini kuHook van Holland.

UGeorge ngo-1942 waphoqeleka ukuba asuke eHolland. Ngo-1943, eseSpain naseFrance, wafika eNgilandi. Lapha waguqula igama lakhe kuBlake. UGeorge wajoyina iRoyal Navy njengesivolontiya. Ngesikhathi esifushane akhonza emikhumbi yezinhlanzi zasolwandle, wabe esengumsebenzi we-British Foreign Intelligence Service (MI6).

Izikhulu ze-Intelligence kwakudingeka ukwazi ulimi nolwazi lwabaphikisi babo ukuze bahlanganyele eMpini Yomshoshaphansi. Ngakho-ke, ubuholi be-MI6 bawafundisa ulimi lwesiRussia kanye nezisekelo ezisemfundweni yamaKhomanisi. Le mbono yayihambisana nezinkolelo zobuKristu zikaGeorge. Ngo-1947, wathunyelwa eCambridge ukuze afunde kabanzi ulimi lwesiRussia.

Isevisi eKorea

Ngemva konyaka, ngo-Okthoba 1948, uGeorge Blake wathunyelwa eKorea. I-biography yakhe iyaqhubeka nekhasi elithakazelisayo. Enye yemisebenzi ebhekene nayo kwakudala ukudalwa kwenethiwekhi ye-MI6 e-Soviet Primorye Territory. Ngo-June 1950, kwavela impi phakathi kweNingizimu neSouth Korea. UGeorge wanconywa ukuba asebenze eNyakatho Korea uma nje kungenzeka lokhu. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, uhulumeni waseBrithani wanquma ukuthumela amabutho ukusekela eNingizimu Korea. Khona-ke abaseNorth Korea bazimisele ukungena ngaphakathi kwabasebenzi be-consulate, kuhlanganise noBlake. Baboshwa ejele.

Indlela entsha eya ku-Blake

Entwasahlobo ka-1951, iphasela lavela eSoviet Embassy eNyakatho Korea. Yayihlanganisa nezincwadi ezilandelayo: "Uhulumeni noMbuso" kaLenin, "iNhloko-dolobha" kaMarx ne "The Treasure Island" nguStevenson. Ngakho-ke i-KGB yabe isetshenziselwa ukucubungula abantu bangaphandle.

UGeorge Blake, umlingisi, ngaleso sikhathi wayeselungele ukuthatha indlela entsha. UGeorge wayevele ecabanga ngokuzihlanganisa ngokukhululekile ekuhambeni komphakathi. Wayefuna ukuhlanganyela emsebenzini wokusakaza i-propaganda ngemva kokubuyela eNgilandi. Kodwa-ke, enye indlela ivulekele - ukuhlala ku-MI6 nokudlulisa ulwazi mayelana nemisebenzi eyenziwe yi-British intelligence eya e-USSR. UBlake wanquma ukuyikhetha.

Ngomunye umboshwa oqaphe isosha laseNyakatho Korea, uGeorge wanikeza inothi kwi-Soviet Embassy, lapho ecela khona umhlangano nommeleli we-KGB. Kulo mhlangano, wanikezwa ukubambisana. Isimo sakhe sasihlinzekwa ngolwazi mayelana nokusebenza kwezinhloli ze-Great Britain ngokumelene namazwe omakomunisi. Ukubambisana akukakhokhwanga.

Ukulalela izingxoxweni zempi nokudlulisa idatha ebalulekile

Ngo-1953, ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ekuthunjweni, uGeorge Blake, owaqashwa yi-Soviet intelligence service, wahamba ngaphesheya kwe-USSR eLondon. Lapha waba yiSekela likaMnyango wezeMnyango, wabe eselalela ukuxoxisana kwezempi, okwakwenziwa yiRussia e-Austria. Ukulalela kwenziwa ngokuxhuma ezintambo zasempi. UGeorge uthumele ulwazi olubalulekile kumphathi wakhe, emisa ukuxhumana naye.

Ngemva kokuxoshwa kwamabutho aseRussia ase-Austria, imisebenzi enjalo yanqunywa ukuba ibuyele eBerlin. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kwase kusetshenziselwa izintambo ezintathu zeSoviet, ezadlula emngceleni weMelika. Imvume ye-CIA yayidingeka. Iqala ukuxhasa imali.

UGeorge Blake wanikeza insizakalo yezobuchwepheshe baseSoviet uhlelo lokusebenza, lapho lesi sigaba sesisanda kuqalwa ukuthuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kokwaziswa mayelana nomhubhe, uGeorge wanikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana neminye imisebenzi ngokumelene ne-USSR kanye nabalingani bayo.

Ingozi ehamba phezu kukaBlake

Ukuhlakanipha kwaseBrithani ngo-1960 wathumela uBloke eLebhanoni ukuthi afunde isi-Arabhu. UGeorge wayefuna ukusebenzisa eMiddle East ezindaweni zokuhlala ze-MI6. Inhloko yayo, uNicholas Elliot, yamemeza entwasahlobo ka-1961 futhi yathi uGeorge Blake umemezelwe eLondon, lapho kwakuzoxoxwa khona ngokuqokwa okusha. Ngaleso sikhathi eMpumalanga Ephakathi kwakuyisimo esibi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuhoxisa isikhulu sezobunhloli eLondon ngaphandle kwesizathu esihle sasingenakwenzeka. Kwadingeka imvume yesiteshi se-KGB. Kwakungaphephile, ngoba uBlake George ngaleso sikhathi wayebalwe yi-counterintelligence. Nokho, uBlake wanconywa ukuba abuyele eLondon, njengoba uMoscow akatholanga isizathu sokukhathazeka.

Ukuboshwa ngamacala e-espionage

UBlake unikezwe nguMikhail Golenievsky, isikhulu sezobuchwepheshe ePoland esiphezulu. Wagijimela emaMelika, ethatha naye imibhalo ebalulekile. Omunye wabo wabonisa ukuthi kukhona umthombo waseSoviet emzini waseBerlin we-SNA. Le dokhumenti yayiyimfihlakalo futhi inesabelo esincane kakhulu. Phakathi kwabamukeli bakhe kwakunguBlake George. Ngaphakathi kwe-SNA, kwakhiwa iqembu elincane ukuphenya ukuvuza. Ngenxa yezinyanga ezintathu zomsebenzi, kwafakazelwa ukuthi nguBlake owawungumthombo.

UGeorge waboshwa eLondon. Ukuphenywa kwenzeke endlunkulu ye-MI6. Ngosuku lokuqala, uGeorge Blake, isikhulu sezobunhloli saseNgilandi, ubekwe icala lokuqapha. Ngobusuku uGeorge wadedelwa ukuhlangana nomama wakhe, bese kuqhubeka ukuphenywa. UDick White, i-CEO ye-MI6, ubambe iqhaza kubo.

Inkantolo nokuboshwa

UBlake uvumile ukuthi usebenzela ukuhlolwa kwe-USSR. Uthe akazange akwenze ngaphansi kwengcindezi yokuthungatha, ukusongela noma ukuhlukunyezwa, kodwa ngenxa yezizathu zokucabanga. UBlake wabe esethunyelwa eSardown Yard. Ngo-May 1961, kwenziwa icala, uGeorge wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-42 ejele.

UBlake wahlangana noPatrick Pottle noMichael Randle, amalungu kaMovement for Peace and Nuclear Weapons, ephefumulelwe uBertrand Russell, isazi sefilosofi saseNgilandi. Bathole izinyanga ezingu-18 ejele ngokuhlela nokuhlanganyela ekuboniseni base-United States base-England. UPatrick Pottle noMichael Randall baphikisa ukufakwa kwamabhomu ngezimpi zenuzi.

Ukulungiselela ukuphunyuka

Ubuhlobo bejele phakathi kukaGeorge nalaba basebenzi ababili basebenzise ubuhlobo obuhle. Bazwa uzwela ngoBlake, futhi bakholelwa ukuthi iminyaka engu-42 eboshiwe yayiyigama elingenabuntu. Ngo-1963, izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba akhululwe, bathi babekulungele ukumsiza uma enquma ukuphunyuka. Manje uBlake wayazi ukuthi unabangane, okubaluleke kakhulu, banabantu abaningi abafana nomqondo.

USean Burke, osemusha wase-Ireland, wayeyilungu lomjikelezo wokubhala ohleliwe ejele. Wayazi kahle uPottle noRandall. USean Burke ugwetshwe iminyaka engu-8 ngokuthumela ibhomu kulesi sikhulu samaphoyisa, uSean wamkholelwa. Ibhomu liqhume futhi ikhishi lephoyisa labhujiswa. Kodwa umgcini we-oda, kodwa, akazange aphile. UBlake noBurke babe nobungane, kanti uGeorge ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile wanquma ukuthi umngane wakhe uzoba ngumhle wendima yomsizi. Wayengumngcwabo, onesibindi, ohlakaniphile, futhi igama lakhe lalizophela.

Ukuphunyuka kwesibili kukaBlake

Ngemuva kokukhishwa kukaBurke, waxhumana noPottle noRandle, owavuma ukubambisana naye. Bathola imali edingekayo ekusebenzeni. UBurke wanquma ukuthenga i-walkie-talkie futhi amthumele ejele uBlake nge-confidential. Ngaleso sikhathi, noma ukuphathwa noma amaphoyisa ejele ayinakho, ngakho-ke umsakazo, uGeorge wagcina ukukhulumisana okuphephile njalo nomngane wakhe. UBurke uhlele ukuphunyuka ejele, kanti uPottle noRandle babephethe indawo yokuhlala ephephile lapho ekwazi ukufihla khona, futhi ngokuhamba kwakhe ezweni ezinyangeni ezingu-2 kwiveni yokuvakasha lapho uRandall ebeka khona umkakhe namadodana amabili amancane njengabagibeli. Lolu hlelo lwaluyimpumelelo: UBlake walethwa eBerlin. Lapha wabeka uxhumano lobuhlakani beSoviet.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, indawo lapho uBloke ayefihle khona yayingekho nejele. UGeorge wafunwa ngabachwepheshe abanolwazi, kodwa akekho ovumelekile ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi usondelene naye. UBlake waze wahlulwa, ngobusuku obulodwa, wabeka i-chrysanthemums emngceleni wejele ngokukhumbula ukukhululwa kwakhe. Ngokushesha, ngo-January 7, 1967, wahamba waya e-Hamburg, futhi ama-KGB amthuthela enhloko-dolobha yaseRussia.

Incwadi kanye nekusasa elizayo likaSean Burke

USean Burke ngo-1970 washicilela incwadi, lapho eveza khona inguqulo yakhe yemicimbi. Ushintshe kancane kancane amagama kaPottle noRandle emlandweni wakhe, futhi wabeka ulwazi oluthe xaxa ngokulandelana kwabo, ukuze iziphathimandla zaseBrithani ziqonde ukuthi zihlanganyele ekubalekeni. Kodwa banquma ukungabosheli, ngoba kwakuzuzisa kakhulu iziphathimandla ukuthi abantu bakholelwa ukuthi i-KGB, hhayi iqembu labadlali, bahlele lokhu.

USean Burke, owayenobuthakathaka bokuphuza utshwala, wahlala e-Ireland. Wayejabulisa ngemali etholakele le ncwadi. USean Burke waba yisidakwa futhi washona ngo-1970 esemncane futhi ehlwempu.

UGeorge Blake: ukuphila eMoscow

Isiphetho sikaSean Burke sasidabukisayo. Ngokungafani naye, uGeorge Blake waba udumo. Ngemuva kwecala, umhlaba wonke wamqaphela. UGeorge Blake, owayengumphathi wezobuchwepheshe waseBrithani, wayeseSoviet Union ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngemva kokubalekela kwakhe. UBlake wahlukanisa nomkakhe, owabeletha izingane zakhe ezintathu, waqala impilo entsha. Ngemva kokuthuthela e-USSR, wasebenza ngokusemthethweni e-IMEMO njengomsizi wocwaningo ngaphansi kweBekhter Georgiy Ivanovich.

Ukufaneleka kukaGeorge kwaphawulwa nguhulumeni. Wanikwa indawo yokuhlala mahhala eMoscow kanye ne-dacha, impesheni ye-KGB isikhulu sabelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wathola isihloko se-colonel ye-intelligence yangaphandle, wanikezwa i-Order of the Red Banner noLenin, futhi wanikezwa ezinye iziklomelo eziningi.

Ngo-1990, washicilela umbono wakhe u-George Blake ("Akukho okunye okukhethayo"). Ngendlela, lokhu akuyona incwadi yakhe yokuzimela kuphela. Ngo-2005, wabhala enye uGeorge Blake ("I-Wall Transparent"). Kule ncwadi ngo-2007 wanikezwa uMnyango Wezobunhloli Basezizwe we-Russian Federation.

NgoNovemba 11, 2012. UVladimir Putin wancoma uGeorge Blake ngosuku lwakhe lokuzalwa lwe-90. I-telegram yomongameli ithi uGeorge uhlale exazululwe ngempumelelo imisebenzi ayinikezwe yona.

UBlake uneminyaka engu-93 manje. Uhlala eMoscow, ujabulela ukufunda izincwadi zomlando, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, umculo we-classic (uVivaldi, Mozart, Handel, Bach). UGeorge Blake usengumkhomanisi oqinisekile. I-England immangalela ngokuhlukumezeka, kodwa uyayiphika lezi zikhalazo futhi ucindezela ukuthi akakaze abe nomuzwa wokuthi ungowakhe kulelizwe. Ngokusho kukaBlake, ukuwa kwe-USSR akusho ukuthi umbono wobukhomanisi awusobala noma awubi. Ukholelwa ukuthi abantu abakaze bakhule kuye.