ELapland neMpi: yokulwa kanye nemiphumela

ELapland neMpi - omunye iziqephu elaziwayo elincane kweMpi Yezwe II. Akubuzwa, yebo, ngomthelela sina izenzakalo yale mpi ngenxa yalokhu kunqoba Imininingwane zase-USSR, kodwa lezi izimpi ziye zaholela Ukwehla jikelele kunombolo nezitha Union.

Hitler wathembisa ukuthi Finland?

Impi alikwazanga kuphela endabeni amaNazi ukunqoba elaseSoviet Union kuze kufike ehlobo ngo-1943. Kungani sikhuluma ngosuku oluthile? Iqiniso ukuthi Finns kwaqale obonwa amaJalimane njengabantu obambisene nabo emzabalazweni eSoviet Union. Ngesikhathi ngo-1941 kwakuhlelwe ukuba aqinise Finnish ibutho eziningi amabutho aseJalimane kuya okuhlaselayo phezu ingxenye Finland bebheke Karelia naseLeningrad.

Eqinisweni Kuhlukile ngempela. umyalo Finnish unazo yayo ngesikhathi iqembu lamabutho 303rd lokushaya wezikhali kanye izingxenye ezincane ezimbalwa. ukwesekwa Technical babonisa ukudluliswa lamaJalimane Finns 20-30 amathangi kanye izindiza, okuyinto iminyaka bebelokhu enkonzweni nge ibutho lamaJalimane.

Logic of the isimo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi Finland kwadingeka igqubu eU.SSR ngesikhathi izenzakalo 1939-1940, ngakho nalabo abamele abantu Suomi ekuqaleni ukuthi ukubonile lokhu Wehrmacht umbimbi, othembisa ukusiza bazithole ezindaweni elahlekile.

Impi eLapland: Isendlalelo ukungqubuzana

Umyalo German ukuthi kungekudala kamuva, Finland aphume impi ekulweni neSoviet Union. mpi yabo ngokumelene Union Suomi bahluleka. impi eshubile, bayekela ngo-1942 (ehlobo). ibutho Finnish-German wema Ukuvikelwa nickel ezifakwa endaweni Petsamo (manje Murmansk esifundeni). By the way, ngaphezu izikhali, iqembu Finnish lithole baseJalimane ngisho ukudla. Phakathi no-1943, lezi zincwadi kumisiwe. Unswinyo ungazange wasebenza Finns, njengoba namanje ukuqonda zonke izingozi iqhaza ekulweni eSoviet Union. AmaJalimane, esikhundleni salokho, wayekuqonda ukubaluleka amasu ka ukulawula imali nickel, ngakho futhi kuhlelwe ukudlulisela lezi zindawo uma izingxenye ezidingekayo ezengeziwe. Ngakho savela ubudlelwano German-Finnish ehlobo lika-1943.

izimbangela loluhlelekile impi

Ngo-1944, kwaqina ukulwa phakathi eU.SSR Finland. Sikhuluma ecasula ka ibutho laseSoviet kohlaka ukusebenza Vyborg-Petrozavodsk. Ngenxa yalokho, ngemva lo msebenzi phakathi kweFinland eU.SSR ku isivumelwano sokuthula isayinwe mibandela:

- nomngcele ophakathi kwamazwe Kumiswa njengoba ka 1940;

- Soviet Union uzuza ukulawula Petsamo wemboni (nickel ezifakwa);

- ukuqasha indawo eduze Helsinki iminyaka engu-50.

Imigomo kuciniswa ukuthula sivumelwano yi-Union babe izidingo ezilandelayo:

- waxoshwa kulo umhlaba German amasosha Finnish;

- demobilization yebutho Finnish.

ELapland neMpi - is, eqinisweni, izenzo Finns okuhloswe ngaso ekusebenziseni nezidingo YaseMoscow Ukuthula Treaty.

izimo Jikelele sokuqala ngoba impi

Isibalo amaqembu ngesikhathi-September 1944, lapho iMpi eLapland, wakhuluma ngokugcwele amabutho aseJalimane. Enye into - lapho isimo salo laba amabutho wahlala alungiselelwa ngamathuluzi, nophethiloli, njll Ibutho Finnish eholwa Hjalmar Siilasvuo lalinabashumayeli izinkulungwane zabantu 60 ... Iqembu amabutho aseJalimane, kwaholela Lotar Rendulich, abalwa kuze kufinyelele abantu abayizinkulungwane 200.

amabutho Finnish wabheka combat-ngomumo ngaphezulu. Okokuqala, iningi izingxenye waba nokuhlangenwe nakho iqhaza izimpi besizukulwane seMpi Finnish. Okwesibili, izingalo Suomi Army wathola amathangi T-34 futhi KV ukukhiqizwa Soviet. Ukuphakama amaFascist e isibalo sabantu kuleli 140,000 iwukudambisa ngokugcwele inzuzo e imiklamo.

Ukugqashuka kwempi

ELapland neMpi waqala e Finland 15 Septhemba ngonyaka 1944. uhlelo German kwaba ukuthi amabutho awo athunjwa esiqhingini Hogland futhi uzokwazi angenze eSoviet Baltic Fleet. Ukuze amaNazi, Finland ayikaze base phambi. It yayisetshenziswa njengesikhungo kokuphazamiseka kanye isivikelo ukuze amaSoviet igcinwe khona ethile amandla Awukwazi ukudlulisela kubo ezindaweni ezibaluleke kakhudlwana. Ngakho, izenzakalo zenzeka kanje. Kulesi siqhingi based squad ukuzivikela ugu. AmaJalimane wancika umphumela ukumangala, kodwa lolu gibe abazange wasebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaJalimane base misela bonke osondela isiqhingi. Le mpi ngeke ibe, uma Finns afeze oda sokunikela umyalo amabutho, kodwa aqonde ukuthi nawo angabantu emasimini abo, okuyinto kumele avikelwe.

Hogland Isiqhingi wasithatha amabutho aseJalimane kuhlulekile. Uma sikhuluma ukulahlekelwa zamabutho German ezisivunayo kule mpi, kuba nokwaziswa ngokwanele engqubuzanayo inikezwe e emithonjeni ehlukene. Kunobufakazi bokuthi amasosha umhlaseli elahlekile kule Ukungqubuzana amadoda 2153 kwabulawa emhlabathini kule ngozi. Eminye imithombo zithi lonke neMpi eLapland wathatha ukuphila kwamasosha German mayelana 950.

Ukulwa ngo-Okthoba-November 1944

Ekupheleni September 1944 ngasemzini Pudoyarvi lwalumumethe yindawo impi enkulu. I Finns iwine le mpi. Ngokwezazi-mlando eziningi, ikakhulukazi umphumela impi kwaba ukukhululwa kwe-oda le-ukubaleka of amabutho amaNazi e-Estonia. AmaJalimane ayengasekho njengoba donsile njengoba eminyakeni yokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II.

Septhemba 30, wethula ukusebenza ezinkulu ukuphila kokubili emanzini nasezweni kwezinhloko zamaviyo Finnish, kolwandle lenziwa ngaphansi okuyinto ukudluliswa kwamandla kusukela iphuzu Oulo Tornio. Okthoba 2 ukuqinisa ukuma wafika Tornio amabutho ezengeziwe yebutho Finnish. ngezihluthu kule ndawo babe ngesonto.

amabutho Finnish baqhubeka okuhlaselayo. Okthoba 7 Suomi ibutho wathatha umuzi Kemijoki. Phawula ukuthi ngamunye odlulayo usuku ukukhuthazwa kwakunzima ngenxa yezinkinga ngoba amaNazi yazuza ukulwa nakho kanye nokuqinisa isikhundla salo. Emva kokuthatha 16 Okthoba Rovaniemi icasula isigaba ngaphezulu asebenzayo ingena positional. Izimpi zenzeke agudle ukuzivikela lamaJalimane phakathi Ivalo futhi Kaaressuvanto.

Impi eLapland engaziwa: ingxenye yase-USSR

amabutho Union eyenziwa ngesikhathi nokuhilizisana Finland naseJalimane umsebenzi kakhulu. Ngo kwakulwelwa ahlukane eSoviet Lasemoyeni, okuyinto, ngemcondvo, obekumele ukusiza Finns ukusula insimu ka isimo kusukela amaNazi. Izazi-mlando sezempi aveze ukuthi kwakukhona etimeni letehlukene:

- izindiza Soviet ngempela wabhubhisa ubuchwepheshe German kanye nabasebenzi;

- USSR zezindiza yokulinyazwa ingqalasizinda Finnish ngamabhomu okuhloswe wezempi Suomi ibutho.

Izenzo ezinjalo-USSR kungenzeka izincazelo eziningana. ELapland neMpi 1944 abashayeli bezindiza eziningi zaseSoviet waba ngowokuqala ukulwa nakho, ngoba abasebenzi ngenxa ukulahlekelwa omkhulu njalo olusha. I yokungabi nokuhlangenwe nakho kwaholela iphutha umshayeli. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuvunyelwe futhi inguqulo nakanjani indawo empini akuphumelelanga ngo-1939.

Soviet isu lempi isikhathi eside ayengazikhonzi ukungqubuzana Finland naseJalimane, eyathatha, ngokuvamile, kusukela ngo-July 1943. Ngaphambi kwempi bekuwukukhetha amasu: ukuba Finland njengoba umngane namadlelandawonye, noma hlala. Ojenene iRed Army ekugcineni wakhetha ukhetho lokuqala.

Eyesibili isigaba impi

Ngo-October 1944, iMpi eLapland (photo enamathiselwe) lithole esiyindilinga entsha yentuthuko. Iqiniso ukuthi ukulwa kule mboni bajoyine iRed Army. Okthoba 7-10, amabutho ibutho laseSoviet ehlaselwa izikhundla amaNazi maqondana Pechenga (okwami nickel ore). Mines etholakala endaweni, wenza ku-80% nickel, esasetshenziswa esikhangisweni se izingalo umkhakha.

Ngemva kokuhlasela ngempumelelo Army kweSoviet futhi ingcindezi eqhubekayo evela Finns, amaJalimane aqala baleka endaweni elalihlala kuzo eNorway. Kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-January eFinland kwesokunxele amabutho esemqoka ye Wehrmacht. Usuku kwempi, ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto Apreli 25, 1945. Ngalo lelo langa, amasosha zokugcina German kwesokunxele ezweni Suomi.

Imiphumela impi

Kufanele sikhulume hhayi kakhulu kangaka ngokuphela Imiphumela iyona neMpi eLapland, eziningi ngemiphumela Okwesibili Umhlaba Finland. It uwile ngokucijile ezingeni ukuthuthukiswa komnotho. Bangaphezu kuka-100 eyinkulungwane baphoqeleka ukuba babe ngababaleki ngenxa ukulahlekelwa nophahla phezu kwekhanda lakho. Zonke umonakalo ulinganiselwa ku isamba okulingana kwezigidi ezingu-300 aseMelika ngesilinganiso 1945.