Amasiko art we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 kafushane

A ukuqonda kangcono izinqubo zomlando we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 kungenziwa ebuka zabalingiswa isikhathi ukufunda imisebenzi ezithakazelisayo yobuciko abantu ababephila ngesikhathi sabo. Sihamba kahle akanhlanhlatsi encane.

Amasiko art we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20: isifinyezo

Ngesikhathi kwekhulunyaka e isiko European wanqoba baziphatha - kwaba eningi imisinga ezahlukene engqubuzanayo abangenawo nomunye nobabili. Amasiko art we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, ine izindawo ezimbili eziyinhloko:

• Modern (France -. Art Nouveau, ke -. Art Nouveau).
• Yesimanjemanje.

Eyokuqala owazalwa ngo eyishumi yokugcina yekhulu le-19 kancane kancane lashabalala nge kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala (ngo-1914).

Yesimanjemanje - kuyinto isiqondiso ezithakazelisayo 19 ngasekupheleni - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Ngakho ocebile yobuciko yokudweba nemigwalo, okuyinto ihlukaniswe ukugeleza ahlukene izici isici.

Amasiko art we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 - lesi sihloko akuyona inkulumo, okudala abaculi eyodwa Impressionist ungafunda konke ukuphila komuntu. Thina namanje wenze umzamo ukukhuluma ngalokhu ngeqiniso elithakazelisayo kafushane. Okokuqala sikunikeza isici ezindaweni ezimbili ezinkulu: yesimanjemanje yesimanjemanje. Ngaphandle kwawo, isiko kanye ubuciko Engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 kuyinto engacabangeki. Ngokulandelayo, udlulela izincwadi kanye cinema.

Modern: bemvelo - mthombo ongashi

Igama livela isiqondiso French elithi "moderne", okusho ukuthi "yesimanje". Lokhu kuthambekela ubuciko American, abantu baseYurophu abathuthela kule Russian ekuqa- 19-20 eminyaka. Yesimanjemanje ngokuvamile kudidaniswe yesimanjemanje, nakuba kuba izinto bahluke ukuthi awuhlangene ngalutho nomunye. Sibala izici zayo lokhu isitayela yobuciko:

• ukucinga ugqozi ngokwemvelo futhi elalibazungezile;
• yokuntuleka imigqa abukhali;
• egqwalile, amathoni uthulisiwe;
• zokuhlobisa, airiness;
• nokuba khona imidwebo izici bemvelo: izihlahla, utshani nezihlahla.

Ukuze uzwisise ukuthi yini yesimanje, elula, ubhekisisa izakhiwo amadolobha aseYurophu kule isitayela. Okungukuthi - izakhiwo kanye amasonto ababhishobhi Gaudi Barcelona. Inhloko-dolobha ye Catalonia idonse eziningi izivakashi kungenxa bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo eziyingqayizivele. Lokubhalela izakhiwo ezahlukene upland, asymmetry, futhi ukudlala. Sagrada Familia (Sagrada Familia) - lokhu iphrojekthi yesiteleka okuhle Antonio Gaudi.

Ngokulandelako, cabangela umsebenzi abaculi European owadala imidwebo yabo isitayela Art Nouveau. Ukuze lula ukuqonda izinto ukunikeza itafula elincane.

abaculi Modern

isiqondiso Nouveau	omele Umculi
imidwebo	Gauguin, Klimt
ihluzo	Beardsley
Izibhengezo nemaphosta	Toulouse-Lautrec

yesimanjemanje

Kungani lo mkhuba aba khona, ukunqoba uthando ngetetsamelilwati ukunikeza isiqalo ekuthuthukiseni enjalo ezithakaselekayo efana surrealism futhi futurism?

Ngenxa yesimanjemanje iyi-revolution art. Yasungulwa njengomkhankaso wokumelana ngokuqinile ezimfundisweni ephelelwe yisikhathi okwangempela.

abantu Creative ufuna izindlela ezintsha yokukhuluma kanye ukumelwa engokoqobo. Ngo yesimanjemanje inezici ayo isici eyinqaba nje kuye:

• indima eliphezulu emhlabeni kwangaphakathi yomuntu;
• ukucinga imibono emisha kanye original;
• ukubaluleka okukhulu kunikezwa umuzwa creative;
• Kuye kwanyatheliswa izincwadi kunomthelela spiritualisation womuntu;
• ukuvela inganekwane.

Amasiko art we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20: izithombe abaculi ehlukahlukene utawufundza izigaba ezimbili ezayo.

Abathandwayo ukunyakaza modernist

Yiziphi? Amazing: ungakwazi ngokucabanga ngayo bese njalo lapho ngithola okuthile okusha. Amasiko art we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, uzobe kafushane kuchaziwe ngezansi.

Ngeke ukuhlupha futhi uyonikeza ulwazi ngesimo emfushane kunazo - ngesimo itafula. Kwesokunxele sizoqukatha igama imisinga kwezobuciko, kwesokudla - izici zayo.

Amasiko art we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20: itafula

Original ukunyakaza modernist

Igama Yiqiniso	sici
surrealism	I Apotheosis umcabango womuntu. inhlanganisela nakuba lwezinhlobo ezahlukene.
impressionism	It wayedabuka France, bese esabalala umhlaba. Impressionists ukusakaza emhlabeni wonke ngo kokuhlukana yayo.
expressionism	Abaculi wafuna ukuveza izithombe imizwelo yabo, ekwesabeni ukuba nesasasa.
futurism	Imibono lokuqala esaphakama Russia nase-Italy. Futurists ukudwetshwa wakhe ngobuchwepheshe wadlula ezinyakazayo, amandla kanye nesivinini.
cubism	Imidwebo kuqukathe Umumo ezihlotshisiwe weJiyomethri e laqanjwa ethize.

Amasiko ubuciko Engxenyeni yokuqala (Ithebula 9 ekilasini) Ekhulwini lama-20 ibonisa ulwazi oluyisisekelo ngesihloko.

Ukuhlolisisa Impressionism futhi Surrealism njengoba ukunyakaza owakhuphula art in a imibono ngokuyinhloko entsha.

Surrealism: ubuqambi uyahlanya noma ubuhlakani?

Ingabe enye yawo imisinga modernist kwavela 1920 eFrance.

Ukutadisha umsebenzi we Surrealists, umuntu ovamile ngokuvamile nezimangaliso ngempilo yabo ngokwengqondo. Iningi abaculi kulesi siqondiso ukuba kwakuwumsebenzi ngempela abantu ezifanele.

Khona-ke ingabe ukuphasa ukudweba ngakho kanjani izithombe engavamile? Lonke iphuzu wobusha futhi isifiso ukushintsha okuzenzakalelayo ndlela yokucabanga. yobuciko surrealist kwaba indlela yokukhululeka imithetho. imidwebo Surrealist ngokuhlanganiswa ngokoqobo iphupho. Abaculi uholwe imithetho emithathu:

1. ukuphumula ukwazi;
2. ukuthatha izithombe enganakile;
3. uma amaphuzu ezimbili zokuqala kuhlulekile, bathatha umshanelo.

Qonda indlela zapenda isithombe-zenani ezinjalo, kunzima. Omunye kucatshangwa ukuthi surrealists uyakuthanda imibono Freud mayelana amaphupho. Okwesibili - ekusetshenzisweni izinto ezithile ukuthi ukushintsha ukwazi. Likuphi iqiniso - akucaci. Ake nje ujabulele ubuciko, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izimo. Ngezansi isithombe "Iwashi" edume Salvador Dali.

Impressionism in umdwebo

Impressionism - omunye ulayini yesimanjemanje, lapho kudabuka khona - France ...

Imidwebo lokhu isitayela kukhona avelele ezahlukene, play of ukukhanya kanye nemibala egqamile. Abaculi wafuna uthwebule on ngendwangu emhlabeni wangempela e kokuhlukana yayo futhi ukuhamba. Of imidwebo Impressionist e kumuntu ovamile kuthuthukisa kwemizwelo, ngakho zibalulekile 'iyezwakala.

Abaculi kulesi siqondiso baye bengavuswa yiziphi izinkinga zefilosofi - bamane wahosha yilokho ezakubona. Benze njalo-ke masterfully, usebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene kanye Palette eliqhakazile imibala.

Izincwadi Classicism ukuba existentialism

Amasiko art we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20 - Umkhuba omusha ezincwadini ukuthi washintsha izingqondo zabantu. Isimo siyefana ukuba yokudweba Classicism into yesikhathi esidlule, yadedela izitayela ezintsha ka yesimanjemanje.

Yena waba nendima ebalulekile "ukutholakala" onjalo ezithakazelisayo izincwadi, njenge:

• Ingaphakathi Monologue;
• Ukusakaza ukwazi;
• inhlangano elikude;
• ikhono lombhali ukubheka ngihlukane ngaphandle (ikhono lokuxoxa ngaye umuntu wesithathu);
• irrealism.

Amathrendi okusha izincwadi we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20

Igama izinkomba	Ababhali
romanticism nomphakathi	Galsworthy, Mann, Belle
surrealism	Eluard, Aragon
existentialism	KAFKA, Rilke
The modernist temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba	Dzheyms Dzhoys

umbhali Irlansky Dzheyms Dzhoys waba ngowokuqala ukusebenzisa ezifana nebugagu betemibhalo njengoba Monologue elingaphakathi kanye ukubayisigebengu.

Franz KAFKA - umlobi abavelele Austria, umsunguli we existentialism samanje izincwadi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe imisebenzi yakhe akuzange kumenze intshiseko okusheshayo abafundi, kuyaqapheleka njengoba omunye wabalobi engcono kwekhulu lama-20.

Umsebenzi wakhe kuthonywa kwezenzakalo ezibuhlungu zangalolo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Wabhala umsebenzi sijule kakhulu kanzima, okubonisa ubuthakathaka womuntu lapho sesibhekene nesimo engenangqondo engokoqobo. Umbhali akuyona bancishwa ukuncokola, nakuba wayenobuhlobo ethize kakhulu futhi omnyama.

Thina zixwayisa ngokuthi ukufunda KAFKA osmyslennnoe kungasiza ukunciphisa isimo. Funda nombhali engcono ajabule futhi kancane abstracting kusukela imicabango yakhe zizimbi. Ekugcineni, lapho echaza kuphela umbono engokoqobo. umsebenzi KAFKA edume kakhulu - "Inqubo".

cinema

Funny amafilimu buthule - futhi amasiko zobuciko we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, njengoba ufunde kabanzi.

Ayikho enye indlela ubuciko, ishintsha njengoba ngokushesha njengoba ebhayisikobho. ubuchwepheshe ekudalweni movie yethulwa ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19: iminyaka engu-50 nje wakwazi ukushintsha okuningi futhi ukunqoba izinhliziyo ezigidi zabantu.

I amafilimu bokuqala babedalwe emazweni eziphambili, kuhlanganise eRussia.

Ekuqaleni, ifilimu kwaba omnyama nomhlophe kanye ngaphandle komsindo. Okwakushiwo movie buthule kwaba ukudlulisa ulwazi ngokusebenzisa ukunyakaza nangesimo sobuso abadlali.

Ngokokuqala ngqá-movie ne abadlali ekhuluma khona ngo-1927. Inkampani American "Uorner Brazers" unqume ukukhipha ifilimu "The Jazz Umculi", futhi isiyi-movie ephelele ngomsindo.

Cinema Russian nayo emi namanje. Le phrojekthi lokuqala yimpumelelo kwaba ifilimu "Don Cossacks". Nokho, ukucwaninga izici ku amafilimu Russian futhi kwadingeka indawo ukuba: ngaphansi ukuvinjelwa ngokudubula imigidi asebukhosini isonto.

A esiteji ekhethekile ukuthuthukiswa cinema kazwelonke waqala ngemva amaBolshevik athatha izintambo. Lezi comrades ngokushesha baqaphela ukuthi cinema kungaba okungaphezu nje ukuzijabulisa, kodwa futhi esibucayi inkulumo-ze isikhali.

Isenzakalo esidume kunazo zonke Soviet umqondisi 30s baba Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Imisebenzi efana "Battleship Potemkin" futhi "Alexander saseNevsky", sekuyisikhathi eside kusukela abe zakudala. umqondisi Kyïv Alexander Dovzhenko futhi ifinyelele eziphakeme e ifilimu. Umsebenzi kunazo yesiteleka - ifilimu "Umhlaba".

I sihloko ezithakazelisayo ngayo esingakhela kuyo ingxoxo phakathi abadala - kuba amasiko zobuciko we nengxenye yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. Ibanga 9 inikeza ukwaziswa ufushanisiwe ukuthi ngokushesha uyanyamalala ikhanda. Ukuze ugcwalise leli igebe kungaba self-wafundisa.