Sergey Eyzenshteyn: Autobiography, ukuphila siqu, Filmography. Photo Eyzenshteyna Sergeya Mihaylovicha

Igama Sergeya Eyzenshteyna is emhlabeni wonke ezaziwa ngokuthi igama omunye wabasunguli be-art cinema, kanye master olukhulu Russian avant-garde. yobuciko wakhe ongafi zisasetshenziswa Film Institute njengoba Iincwajana ukufakwa futhi oqondisa.

umqondisi Legacy

Ngonyaka 2025 izomaka engu-100 kwasungulwa i-yobuciko cinema emhlabeni, ifilimu "Battleship" Potemkin "." Sergei Mikhailovich engu-27 kuphela ubudala lapho Wakhumula tape. Bambalwa ukwazi ukuthi ngonyaka wazalwa Sergey Eyzenshteyn, futhi waphila iminyaka engamashumi amahlanu kuphela (kusuka 1898 kuya 1948). Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi nakuba saba zezikhathi ezinzima nezinezinhlekelele kakhulu emlandweni wezwe lethu.

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ogama Filmography kuhlanganisa mayelana amabili nanhlanu amafilimu, ne nengxenye ezinhle kubo amayelana eMexico, bashiya umlando ongeke esiyingqayizivele, hhayi kuphela ngesimo amafilimu. Iphinde emabhukutifundvo namabhukwana kubafundi cinema. Iqoqo eliphelele imisebenzi umqondisi liqukethe amavolumu nanye. Kusukela kubo ungafunda ukwaziswa okuthakazelisayo mayelana nendlela kwakukhona isikhathi ayephila kuso futhi wasebenza Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Autobiography eyayihambisana izincwadi, amanothi ukusebenza, tindzaba tekuticambela izihloko.

Umhlaba labaqondisi Eisenstein

Famous umqondisi wamabhayisikobho Mikhail Romm wabhala e Umlando wakhe ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe yafunda ifilimu Eisenstein sika "Battleship" Potemkin "." Wayengumuntu Yiqiniso umqondisi umfundi futhi kwadingeka ithuba ukuthi asebenze ukuhlela studio "Mosfilm". Michael I. amane izikhathi elibuyekeziwe edumile "Battleship" Potemkin "," kahle ihlaziye futhi wafundelwa zesiteji, umsindo, izinhlamvu, inkhulumomphendvulwano kanye Uhlaka zezikhali uhlelo obandayo.

Alfred Hitchcock azi- umfundi futhi umlandeli yethu umqondisi omkhulu. Akazange afihle iqiniso lokuthi amasu umsebenzi esetshenziswa yakhe kusungulwe Sergei Mikhailovich. "Saspiens" wakhe wodumo, okungukuthi 'ikhefu njengoba okukhulu, ukungezwani akhishwa, ukudala ukukhathazeka umoya - ngokusebenzisa amasu Eisenstein, njenge: imininingwane okungokwemvelo luvelo izingxenye ngazinye, imibono ehlukene, ngokungazelelwe ngincipha nokukhuphula into ingasheshi futhi usheshisa isikhathi ngokusebenzisa amafremu Rhythmic obandayo, nemisindo, Ukufiphaza, nokunye ..

Umndeni Abazali

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ukuphila kwakhe siqu lapho usukhulile - imfihlo ngemuva lwezimpawu eziyisikhombisa, kanye abaningi ozakwethu yakhe edumile, nothisha akazange adale emikhaya yabo. Ngiphakathi umkakhe noma izingane hhayi obzavolsya. wasola ke abazali, okuyinto akamnikelanga imfundo eyanele kule ndaba. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ogama isithombe aboniswe ngezansi, elathunjwa eduze unina noyise eminyakeni emibili noma emithathu bengakakwazi ukukhuluma.

Ngemva kungamanyala sina elafika ngo-1909, ukuphila komkhaya abazali isibe uchungechunge njalo eziyihlazo zokufumbathiswa Yimpi enobudlova. Little Serge waphoqeleka ukuba ulalele mama futhi papa, njalo evula amehlo at nomunye. Mama uthi uSergei, uyise - uyisela scoundrel, noyise, esikhundleni salokho, libike ukuthi unina - a ethengisa wesifazane. Ekugcineni, ngo-1912, lapho Sergei engu-11 ubudala, abazali bakhe behlukana, base behlukana. Ngu ngesinqumo sesiKhulu isiGungu Esingcwele seSonto umfana wahlala naye uyise.

Umshado abazali angabhekwa ukungalingani. Umama, Julia Ivanovna Konetskaya, wayevela emkhayeni ocebile. Uyise, omele abampofu isigaba ezisemadolobheni, wafika Petersburg kusukela Tikhvin. Kube emsebenzini subcontracted, waqongelela capital amancane waganwa indodakazi ka umthengisi ocebile. Ngokushesha livula ibhizinisi lakhe siqu - "iNeva barzhnoe Inkampani".

UYise umqondisi esizayo, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, waba izimpande Swedish amaJuda. Ukuba indoda Yulii Ivanovny Konetskoy yena perevoz ke e Riga, lapho engazalwa ngalo, kanye nendodana yabo kuphela, uSergei.

Ukubukeka ingxenye eyinhloko Riga kubangelwa ikakhulu imisebenzi Mihaila Eyzenshteyna. Endimeni yakhe yokuba wezakhiwo induna yomuzi, wakha ezingaphezu kwamashumi amahlanu amahle Art Nouveau izakhiwo. Basaqhubeka kuhlobisa idolobha elikhulu laseLatvia. Mikhail Osipovich zihlukaniswa ngokuzimisela okukhulu nangokuzikhandla izimfanelo ezinhle ibhizinisi. Wayesebenza imisebenzi yokuziphilisa emihle, njengoba ephakama elisezingeni State iKhansela. Futhi wanika abantwana bakhe ilungelo izikhulu sitholwa njengefa.

Sergei Mikhailovich ithalente

Kusukela zisencane, uyise, Mihail Osipovich Eyzenshteyn, afundise indodana yakhe ukufunda. Wamnika imfundo yekhethelo. IsiNgisi, isiJalimane kanye French Sergey Eyzenshteyn ephethwe cishe ngokuphelele. Ngokushesha umfana bafunda ukuhamba, ukudlala umculo upiyano, ukuthatha izithombe. Ngenxa imfashini yehlelwa ingane ehlakaniphile, ngesithakazelo esikhulu ukusiqonda isayensi ehlukahlukene kokufinyelela okutholakale muva. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zaveza kahle.

amahlaya eminingi opopayi, okuqukethwe ngezinye izikhathi engenangqondo kakhulu, wabenza isikhulile, emenza nhlangano nemibukiso umnandi kakhulu. Sokuqala senzeka ngo-1957 eMoscow. Esikhathini esizayo, imidwebo ezihlekisayo, amakhathuni, imidwebo izingubo nezindawo for the play, okuzobe kudlalelwa amabhayisikobho, imidlalo ye izithombe izifundo zebhayibheli, tetemibhalo, kanye imidwebo eyenziwe ekuhambeni kwakhe eYurophu nase Melika, ngahambisa izincwajana kuso sonke lonke izwekazi Yurophu nasemazweni aseMelika. Phela, amafilimu amabili kuphela - "U-Alexander saseNevsky" futhi "Ivan Grozny" - Sergey Eyzenshteyn wenza imidwebo angaphezu kuka-600.

Ubaba Sergeya Eyzenshteyna wayefuna ukubona indodana yakhe umklami. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ngo 1915 Sergey wangena Petrograd Institute of Civil Onjiniyela. Ngalesi sikhathi, abazali bakhe babehlukene, noyise babehlala eBerlin nomkakhe omusha.

othisha

Uyise ezingokomoya Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich wazizwa omkhulu yaseshashalazini umqondisi Vsevoloda Emilevicha Meyerholda. Yena ehamba ekhulekelwa kuye futhi ezikhulekelwa. Kukholakala ukuthi ubuhlakani futhi okubi oyedwa engakutholi kanye, kodwa Meyerhold ukuphila kwakhe inqatshelwe lesi simangalo izikhathi eziningi. Sergey Mihaylovich Eyzenshteyn, biography - isihloko ukubuyekeza kwethu, ubhala othisha yakhe oqondisa waseshashalazini lokhu: Meyerhold wayenekhono eliyingqayizivele ukufunda, hhayi enikeza abafundi nalwazi ewusizo. Eisenstein uthi bonke fihlo umqondisi sika Meyerhold, wabona wahlanganisa ngokushesha lapho sebefika ukubuyekeza emdlalweni.

Barely eqaphela izimpawu ithalente kunoma yiziphi abafundi, Meyerhold ngaphansi omunye ibhaxa noma enye ngokushesha besusa ezingaba imbangi. Wenza Meyerhold ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa abesifazane. Wasehamba Eisenstein.

Uma Meyerhold akazange ufuna ukwabelana ngolwazi lwabo kanye nabafundi, umqondisi Sergey Eyzenshteyn, kunalokho, ukuphila kwayo konke futhi ithalente wagqoka ukudalwa imithetho jikelele cinema, yena ngokungagwegwesi echazwe ezincwadini zakhe phezu art cinema. Handbook of abenzi mafilimu emhlabeni wonke baba "Ubuciko Mise en Scène" yakhe, "Mizankadr", "Ukufakwa", "indlela" futhi "hhayi imvelo ngabandayo."

Isakhiwo ifilimu theory

Nokho, ngaphandle kokuba wezakhiwo, njengoba uyise, Eyzenshteyn Sergey Mihaylovich, washiya i Umdwebo ezithakazelisayo olotshiwe wesakhiwo indlu, okuyinto ichazwa ngokuthi "ukwakha ithiyori cinema." Loluhlelo angabhekwa jikelele. On akusiyo kuphela lula ukudubula amabhayisikobho, ke kuyinto enhle sokuthuthukisa izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa ebhayisikobho jikelele.

Yini isisekelo okwakhelwa kuso sonke isakhiwo - indlela dialectics, okungukuthi, ingxoxo, nokubambisana, ludvweshu nokubambisana esihlelwe. On indlela nawo ipuleti elilandelayo - indoda ekhululekile. Ngaphansi le ncazelo, libhekisela zezindlela abantu baveze imizwelo yabo emphakathini.

Ngenhla, phezu ipuleti "Inkulumo womuntu", mikhakha emine elandelayo - the mizankadr bokubanga, Mise en sigameko kanti yamahlaya. Lezi amakholomu, ngokunembile, izizathu bebonke, ngokusebenzisa ukufakwa, ukwakha isithombe oyifunayo esithinta umqondo ekucabangeni kwabantu. Konke lokhu ndawonye kuyinto ifilosofi yobuciko, kulesi simo, i-movie. umsebenzi elingezelelako ifilimu kuhilela Ukulifunda ngijule kwabantu kanye nobuchwepheshe. Lokhu kuyadingeka, kanjalo nezinselelo ezibhekane ifilimu, njalo uyanda, ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe, okwandisa Ukusabalala izilaleli, namazinga izinga enyuka. Ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele design ifulege ngegama elithi "ifilimu indlela".

Udweshu yisandla yobuciko

Igama elithi "ukungqubuzana" - njengoba base lapho oba ubuciko - kule scheme ukwakhiwa ifilimu theory sishoda. Nokho, Sergey Eyzenshteyn wayeqiniseka ngokuthi ingxabano ungamandla ukushayela kuzo zonke izinqubo ukuthi kokubili umumo zokudala futhi elimazayo. Ukukholelwa kwakhe kusekelwe izigigaba ezamehlela ebuntwaneni, lapho enza ingane nesmyshlony kwenzakala ilungu izigcawu grand futhi amahlazo elafika phakathi kwabazali. Kuye ukwembuleka it is okuzobe kudlalelwa, ngokungabi bikho nezinye izinhlamvu, waba nesifiso sokuthandana papa mama kanjani ukufakaza ukonakala komunye, ukuthi umlamuli sokulungisa ngubani kwesokudla futhi ubani akulungile, indlela ibangelwa zokuphila sabo esidabukisayo, ngisho njengoba ngithunyiwe umculi e izikhathi ukuthula wacasula womshado. Kwakuyisikhathi ibhola, flying komunye wabo komunye. Ukuphila okunjalo kungqubuzana njalo ayikwazanga imali kwi Sergei Mikhailovich kwezimiso nesimo sengqondo. Ingxabano isibe zemvelo, ungase uthi, ayizidleke kuye.

Ukuhlaziya wakho odlule, Sergey Eyzenshteyn ubhala ukuthi unembeza izingane zakhe kwakungesona isenzo esisodwa elimazayo izingane esingokwemvelo abavamile. Akazange aphule amathoyizi, ayikwazanga ukwenza ukuthi iwashi ukuze ubone ukuthi yini ephakathi kwabo, Ungamlimazi amakati nezinja amanga hhayi ezingezwakali. Kafushane, kwaba ingane ephelele. Sergey Eyzenshteyn, le okukhuluma umqondisi ukuthi isitifiketi komculo zonke ebuntwaneni enza imigilingwane enjengeye ezinganeni kumafilimu yakhe. Lokho yokuntula ithuba ukuthuthukisa ngokwemvelo futhi uhlole impilo njengoba kwenzeka ngazo zonke izingane evamile, ebonakaliswa kuye eminyakeni eyalandela. Yingakho izigcawu onegazi nokubulawa, ukubulala, njll, njll .. Zonke lezi zindlela nolaka kwethonya izethameli, ku psyche zabo, Eisenstein ngokuthi ezikhangayo.

Kwaziqondanela nje ukuba Mystical noma isinqumo ebulalayo?

Sergey Eyzenshteyn, ogama biography libonisa ukuthi wayengumuntu ngokuphelele umuntu okunengqondo, iqukethe izenzakalo ezingaqondakali amaqiniso, yena enamathiselwe ukubaluleka okukhulu.

Ngesikhathi ngisafunda ngonyaka we-Institute of Civil Onjiniyela yesibili, wakhangwa ku vortex ukunyakaza wamavukelambuso. Ngo-February 1918, Eisenstein ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala iRed Army waya ngaphambili. Ngoba wayebusa wahlanganyela ukwakhiwa lempi iminyaka emibili, waba nengxenye isinyathelo njengoba kumdlali kanye nomqondisi futhi zaveza inkulumo-ze iziqubulo ukuqeqesha izimoto.

Ngo-1920 wakhulula umyalo kahulumeni ngokuvumela abafundi ukubuyela amakolishi kanye ukuvuselela inqubo yemfundo. Sergey ngalesi sikhathi ajabulele ukuphila waseshashalazini, wayengenamahloni bemagange ukuqhubeka futhi ukwenza ukwakhiwa kanye izakhiwo, njengoba efunwa ngabakwa nabazali. Wanikela ukuqhubeka nezifundo zakhe e-Academy of the Jikelele Abasebenzi, ngenhloso esikhathini esizayo ukuba ngibe umhumushi ukukhuluma kahle isiJapane. Le sipho kwaba ezilingayo ukuze Eisenstein wacabanga. Ngalesi sikhathi inhlokodolobha yasuka Petrograd eMoscow, lapho ithuthuka ngokushesha ukuphila - yemidlalo ngokukhethekile. Ebusuku kwesibhamu lapho ekugcineni enquma ukuyeka ukusebenzelana ne izakhiwo, kanye kanye ekuqaleni kokuphila kwakhe elisha kungazelelwe senhliziyo okumisiwe ukuphila kukayise - Mihaila Osipovicha Eyzenshteyna.

Kusukela lapho wadinga kudingeka umsebenzi wokuziphilisa omuhle futhi okusheshayo edumile emhlabeni ifilimu umqondisi Sergeya Eyzenshteyna.

Siyabonga Peter Greenaway

Ngo-2015, izikrini ezikhishwe ifilimu ngu-Peter Greenaway "Eisenstein e Guanajuato". Lesi sithombe iye yabangela iveza umbono oyindida abantu abasabalalisi isiRashiya, Nokho Greenaway lithi namanje akakhishwanga ifilimu olulodwa mayelana umqondisi elihle - ukungenzi enkulu. Abantu badinga ukwazi ukuthi luhlobo luni lwendoda wayemkhulu Sergey Eyzenshteyn. Biography, umqondisi sika empilweni yakho futhi umsebenzi wakhe ifilimu zidinga ucwaningo nocwaningo. Yena akuhloselwe ukuliveza lingamanga buchopho. Kunalokho, afuna ukukhombisa ukuthi izwe lishintshe umuntu unekhono ngemva ojikelezayo ezweni lonke, kungukuthi sibambekile umbuso wobushiqela. Phela, noma ubani akuyona imfihlo ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka emithathu ukufunda ngokuphila namasiko abantu eYurophu, e-USA naseLatin America Sergey yasishintsha umbono wakhe izinhloso kanye nemisebenzi ye ebhayisikobho Soviet. Ngokuqinisekile amacebo Greenaway - ifilimu wesibili mayelana compatriot yethu oluvelele, "Ukuxhawula Eisenstein." Ngalesi sikhathi, Greenway ufuna ukukhombisa impilo umqondisi omkhulu ukuhamba ngaphandle kweSoviet Union.

ukuba nombono ongafani ngeke ukuhlelwa kabusha

Eisenstein ekuqaleni tour yakhe enkulu endaweni ethile e-Europe wathenga desyatitomnik Frazer "Golden igatsha". Kungenxa yale ncwadi, uye wabuthela ulwazi mayelana izinkolo zezwe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo kuze kube manje. Umqondo unkulunkulu njengoba wokudla, befa futhi ngawakhulisa, nakuye umbono ka ngebhayisikili bonke kulomhlaba.

Emalangeni alitjhumi eMexico Uvule kuye nombono omusha ku nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana ngokuvamile kanye cinema ngokukhethekile. Wabona ukuthi ndawo incane uma kuqhathaniswa kungaba ngokuthula ukuhlangana utholakala cishe kuwo wonke umlando oda social - the bakudala, izinduna, isicebi ngisho sezenhlalo.

Ngithanda wazi ukuthi eMexico kuze kube manje, eminyakeni engaphezu kwengu-70, Eisenstein kubhekwa umqondisi inombolo eyodwa. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba lapho iziza nasnimal 80 000 metres of ifilimu. Kuyinto lidumile bendawo futhi indlela yabo yokuphila, amasiko lesizwe, ubuhle bezwe, izinhlekelele zemvelo futhi eziningi imininingwane ezithakazelisayo futhi imininingwane yokuphila latinos.

Ngenxa ubunkimbinkimbi-copyright asinalo ithuba ubone yonke lento, okuyinto into edabukisayo. E-US, esekelwe Eisenstein inkampani "Paramount" efakwe a amafilimu ezimbalwa eziye wathola yimpumelelo enkulu. Imininingwane emayelana Saga edabukisayo ne amafilimu zingafundwa umagazini "Isikrini namaSoviet" I-1974, umlobi - R. Yurenev.

Emuva ekhaya, uSergei Mikhailovich, kanye umbhali (njengasezinsukwini yamuva esedlule chekist) Aleksandrom Rzheshevskim isethi ukusebenza kwenye ifilimu. Ngalesi sikhathi collectivization - ". Bezhin edlelweni" Wathatha njengesisekelo indaba Pavlik Morozov, lowo ngokusho kusungulwe Eisenstein, lawo abulawa izandla kayise. Esikhathini okufana Abalimi bokuqala phansi isonto ungahleli club wakhe. In the yesibili - abalimi ozama ukulondoloza isonto kusukela umlilo. Le filimu wawuvinjelwe ngezizathu ngemibono, kodwa ifilimu is zakhukhuleka. Kuphela izithombe ezimbalwa ne kwikhonsathi ifilimu. Ezisithintayo amandla umtselela losengcondvweni ku umbukeli.

Isiphetho umqondisi hung balance. Yena wasinda ukuboshwa, limiswe ukufundisa ngaso VGIK, kodwa ngandlela-thile walungisiswa futhi saba nethuba ukusebenza, manje phezu ifilimu yokushisekela izwe "Alexander saseNevsky".

"Wayeke wakipita, wacabanga, futhi wayenesithakazelo", - i Epitaph ezifana ukubona abasha Sergei Mikhailovich ethuneni lakhe kubhalwe ukuthi bakhe.

Ekupheleni ukuphila ngemva kokushaywa yinhliziyo, owenzeka ngo-1946, Eisenstein, ukuhlaziya ikusasa labo siqu, ebhaliwe, kubonakala, wayehlale ebheka into eyodwa kuphela - indlela ubunye nokubuyisana amaqembu aphikisanayo. Labo bahlukene ukuthi ukushayela zonke izinqubo emhlabeni. Ukuvakashela eMexico wambonisa ukuthi inyunyana akunakwenzeka, kodwa-ke, - Sergey wabona ngokucacile ke - abasakwazi yangempela ukufundisa nokuhlalisana ngokuthula.