"Tale of esidlule Iminyaka": uhlobo, compositional futhi okwakhe wesitayela

Uhlobo "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" lichazwa ngokuthi irekhodi, kanye omdala. Kunezinhlobo ezintathu izinhlelo ke, eziphathelene 1113, 1116, futhi eminyakeni 1118. owokuqala kwaba nombhali Nestor, owesibili - the wesigodlo Sylvester, ngomsebenzi owenziwa isicelo Vladimira Monomaha. kwakungenakwenzeka ukusungula uhlelo lwesithathu kuMdali, kodwa siyazi ukuthi yayihloselwe Mstislav Vladimirovich.

Old Russian uhlelo izincwadi uhlobo

izincwadi Old Russian siqukethe sub ezimbili - izinhlobo kwezincwadi kwezwe nokwenkolo. Eyesibili ngaphezulu ivaliwe futhi kuhlanganisa imiBhalo izimpilo nokuhamba, futhi ubugagu grand sathishela. Izinhlobo kwezincwadi zezwe ethulwa amanoveli ezempi kanye zemihla ukulanda izenzakalo zomlando unyaka nonyaka. Yiba ukufana abathile chronograph WaseByzantium. Nokho, uma udala "Tale of Iminyaka esidlule", uhlobo chronograph nababhali Russian esihlatshiwe lingasetshenziswanga. Kwakuthinta yingcweti ngesikhathi esizayo.

"Tale of esidlule Iminyaka": uhlobo

Dmitry Likhachev wabhala mayelana enfilade, noma eqenjini lomculo, ubunjalo ukwakhiwa amatshe ezikhumbuzo yokuloba lasendulo. Lena isici esasenza pheze yonke imisebenzi ebhaliwe ngenkathi Kievan Rus - umbhalo eceleni zithathwe kucatshangwa ukuthi engase ivulekele iinthombe neminye imithombo. Ngakho lapho umsebenzi kudinga "ukhethe uhlobo" The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka "," khumbula ukuthi irekhodi kuhlanganisa:

• izinkontileka (isibonelo, Russian-WaseByzantium ngo-1907);
• Ukuphila of the Saints - Boris futhi Gleb, Feodosiya Pecherskogo ;
• "Lokhu sefilosofi" nakuleminye imibhalo.

Izindaba ukuthi abe evelele Folk umsuka (isibonelo, indaba kokufa Oleg, indaba yokobana nensizwa-Kozhemyaka wahlulwa Pecheneg iqhawe), futhi esingokwemvelo emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka". Yini uhlobo le misebenzi? Bafana inganekwane noma legend. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlando okubizwa ngokuthi isici indaba mayelana amacala phezu kwesikhulu - efana Ubhulu we ukukhanya. Okokuqala in ukuhluza yabo okwakhe babe Dmitry Likhachev.

Qaphela ukuthi lokhu "Ensemble", ukwehluka ayenzi uhlobo "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" into engacacile, futhi lesikhumbuzo - iqoqo okulula imibhalo okungahleliwe.

imininingwane

The main amayunithi compositional we "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka" kukhona izihloko sezulu, eqala ngamazwi athi "Ehlobo ...". Lokhu zemihla lasendulo zehluke chronographs WaseByzantium okuyinto echaza izenzakalo zezinsuku odlule njengesinyathelo esifaneleyo ingxenye yomlando ethatha akuyona ngonyaka, kanye wokubusa kwenkosi. Isimo sezulu izihloko zihlukaniswe ngezigaba ezimbili. Esokuqala okuthiwa imibiko sezulu ukuthi bamba elingokomlando ethile. Ngakho, okuqukethwe kulo magazini esihlokweni 1020 kukhawulwe omunye izindaba: Yaroslav indodana okuthiwa uVladimir. Ikakhulukazi eziningi imiyalezo nasemkhakheni Kiev zemihla ngemihla XII leminyaka.

Ngokuphambene, wona ilandisa izindaba wazise hhayi kuphela mayelana nomcimbi, kodwa futhi ziphakamisa incazelo, ngezinye izikhathi ngokuningiliziwe lokho okwenzeka. Umbhali lingabona kudingekile ukuze ucacise ezathatha ekulweni, lapho kwenzeka, yini umphumela. Kulokhu, ukudluliswa enjalo kwesakhiwo lent sihloko sezulu.

isitayela yeqhawe

Dmitry Likhachev, ukuhlola "Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", tinhlobo temibhalo nemagama compositional okwakhe we lesikhumbuzo kungokwalabo delineation izitayela omkhulukazi futhi engakaze ibonwe. Lesi sakamuva ikakhulukazi salabo izingxenye indaba "The Tale of esidlule Iminyaka", uhlobo okuyinto ichazwa indaba yamasosha. isitayela Epic ukuxhumana obuseduze temdzabu, usebenzisa asinazo izithombe ethathelwe khona. Isibonelo esimangalisayo - Princess Olga, emelelwe emibhalweni yaminyaka yonke ukuphindiselwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, aba maningi namaqiniso (kuze kufike lesi sici angasetshenziswa lasendulo abalingiswa).

isitayela omkhulukazi

isitayela nenqwaba historicism kuyisihluthulelo hhayi kuphela umlando lesikhumbuzo lasendulo, kodwa wonke izincwadi Kievan Rus. It kubonakala ikakhulukazi umfanekiso izinhlamvu. Umlobi womlando akanandaba ukuphila kwabo kwangasese kanye labo bangaphandle ubudlelwane amakhosi asendulo. Umuntu nesithakazelo kumbhali medieval nommeleli ethile isimo senhlalo. Iphinde bathonya izici umlingisi, okuyinto share obonakalayo of idealization. Canon kuba umqondo kubalulekile "sikaKhisimusi ...". Ngakho, noma iyiphi isikhulu uvezwa kwezimo eziphawuleka kakhulu, zingayazi nzima ezingokomoya. Yena nesibindi, smart futhi squad ozinikele. Kunalokho, umholi wesonto kusukela ukuphila kufanele kube zenzisa esilalelayo ukulandela umthetho kaNkulunkulu.

Umlobi womlando Psychology esingaziwa izinhlamvu zakhe. Umbhali medieval wazizwa Asingabazi, ebhekisela uhlamvu "okuhle" noma "okubi", nama-altare empepho eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi iphikisana, ajwayelekile kithi kusuka nezincwadi zakudala ezingase ziphakame.