Abantu bakwa Dagestan: isiko, amasiko

Dagestan - republic of Russia, okuyinto itholakala esifundeni eseningizimu yaleli zwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyinto bomhlaba wonke futhi esihlanganisa 102 bezizwe. Phakathi kwabo, kokubili zomdabu bese evakashela labantu. Ukuze zihlanganisa zomdabu bezizwe Avars, agultsev, Andi, Kubachins, Dargin, Laks, Rutul, Lezgins, Tabasarans, tsezov nabanye.

Amasiko ngamasiko izizwe Dagestan zahlukahlukene kakhulu, ziye zashintsha njengoba iminyaka ihamba futhi eyadluliselwa isuka ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Ngayinye yalezi zizwe has izici zayo siqu futhi umehluko ukuthi abanike ungubani.

Avars

Maarulal noma Avars - abantu Dagestan, ababebalelwa abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu 577 .. Akha kulo lonke Western Dagestan, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziyizintaba. Eziningi zalezi bakule ndawo. Bona ukuxhumana ngolimi lwabo Avar, esesikhundleni imixhantela eminingi. Avars bangamaSulumane, kodwa kukhona izakhi zobuqaba okholweni lwabo namanje abakhona. Ziyakwazi engcwele nemvelo, imnike udumo futhi bakhalela usizo, enza umlingo amasiko.

imisebenzi Traditional balaba bantu uma engenazo izinkomo zizalela kanye nezolimo. Kwezilwane Kungcono ukuzalela izinkomo, nasezintabeni - izimvu. Avars ziye zasungula isakhiwo ehleliwe kakhulu kwezolimo masimu, okuyinto ezintabeni is kwahambisana by yesimiso sokunisela ngenkasa. Njengazo zonke izizwe Dagestan, Avars isikhathi eside ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa yezandla okuzenzela. Lezi zihlanganisa ukwelukwa, efekethisiwe, ukunitha, uvolo, ukhuni eqoshwe netshe wensimbi.

Agultsy

abantu Agul of Dagestan abahlala eseningizimu. Izinombolo lokhu bakhona ababecishe babe izinkulungwane 8-9. Man. Ngokuxhumana basebenzisa Aghul, okuyinto ezihlobene Lezgi. Lesi sizwe uhlala ukukhokhela 21 mpumalanga Dagestan.

isiko kulesi sizwe, kanye emasikweni izizwe Dagestan iyonke, ahlukile. Ngokusobala umsebenzi oyinhloko eminyaka agultsev kwaba izinkomo. amadoda kuphela Unelungelo banakekele izimvu. Abesifazane benza kuphela nezinkomo.

ukucutshungulwa metal bekulokhu ebaluleke kakhulu isici agultsev ukuphila. Abakhandi bensimbi ezikhiqizwa izimbazo, abukhali, imimese amasikela, okuyinto kuyoba usizo kunoma iyiphi yasendlini. Agultsy babe abakhi kakhulu. Bakha amabhuloho, izindlu kanye amathempeli. Ehlotshisiwe izakhiwo zabo ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi ezibaziweyo amatshe e imihlobiso ukuthi ubonisa isiko lonke sezizwe Dagestan.

iqembu Andes lezizwe

Andi - kuyinto iqembu lezizwe, okubandakanya abantu abanjalo e Dagestan njengoba Akhvakh abantu, abantu Botlikh, Tyndall, abantu Bagvalal, karata abantu, abantu godoberi, chmalaly futhi, eqinisweni, ngokwabo Andi. Inani labantu kulezi izizwe kuyinto 55-60 izinkulungwane. Man. Zihlala ezinkangala entshonalanga Dagestan. Ukuxhumana kwenzeka ulimi Andes nezilimi eziningi.

Inkolo Andians ubonisa amasiko izizwe Dagestan, njengoba iningi labantu zendabuko zibaluleke Sunni amaSulumane. Zithengiswe, kuyimisebenzi eyinhloko base nokufuya nemfuyo. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo yalezi zizwe Imizi yayakhiwe itshe. Ezimbili storey zokuhlala kwakungafanele eziningi kangaka, waba elingunxande indaba nanye. Andi labo babehilelekile ezolimo, baye basungula ekhalendeni yabo yezolimo, ezisiza ukuba sithole isikhathi yokulima nokuvuna izitshalo ezithile.

Dargin

Dargin - abantu Dagestan, ngokwesiko ayehlala ezindaweni sezintaba. Ulimi ukuthi ngabe zonke Dargin hlanganani, alikho, ukuhlukahluka Dargwa kakhulu. Amasiko nemikhuba yabantu bezizwe Dagestan, njengoba Dargin eceleni, zihlobene kakhulu izinqubo jikelele yomphakathi kanye nomnotho ezenzeka emlandweni kwesikhathi lasendulo. Bona babehilelekile evamile ezakhamuzini imisebenzi endaweni, okungukuthi, zizalela izinkomo, ezokulima kanye nezokungcebeleka yezandla. Dargins idume ubucwebe yayo futhi izimpahla lesikhumba-kusengutsheni yoboya, izikhali. Abesifazane iphathwa uvolo, ihlanganisa indwangu futhi amatshe.

Kubachins

Lokhu isizwe sakwa Dagestan abahlala edolobhaneni Kubachi Dakhadayevsky District. Inombolo yabo ingeqi 1900. Ngaphandle Kubachins ukuhlala kwabanye nemizana-Asia Ephakathi futhi eCaucasus. ngolimi lwabo lwendabuko - Kubachi. Ezakhamuzini komnikazi ikakhulukazi netingcweti temsebenti. Uma kwakukhulunywa kabi imikhiqizo likhule noma ziklaba izinkomo, kwaba i imvelo asizayo.

Sekuyisikhathi eside i yezandla ezivamile kwaba metal-zokusebenza, ukwakhiwa, ukhuni eqoshwe namatshe. Abesifazane wahlanganyela ukunitha, ukweluka, efekethisiwe, felting ekhiqizwa, kusukela lapho izicathulo mculi. Ulwazi namakhono ekucubungululeni metal kudluliswa kusuka ubaba endodaneni. Kuyathakazelisa Folk nangemidanso Kubachins eziklanywe ngokucophelela ukuze bagcine amasiko ahlukahlukene.

Laks

I Ingcenye ephakathi yesigaba Nagorno Dagestan owakhiwe esinye sezizwe - Laks. Ulimi - Lak, inkolo - Islam. Lesi sizwe kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo wahlala ensimini ka Dagestan. main Umsebenzi wabo - ezikhulayo kakolweni izitshalo (rye, ukolweni, unyaluthi, i-oats, ibhali, njll). Imfuyo futhi lakhiwe. Lemisebenzi yezandla ezakhiwa suknodelie, ubucwebe, zobumba, ukucutshungulwa itshe nesiliva negolide efekethisiwe. Laks babe abadumile abathengisi, Confectioners kanye wabavocavoci. Kwabacebile nendumezulu kulesisizwe. Izwi lomlomo sekudlule phansi izindaba heroes olukhulu ngaphambili nendlela balwa okubi.

Lezghins

Lezghins ubumbene kuxazululwe phezu emazweni Southern Dagestan. izinombolo zabo endaweni ayizinkulungwane 320. Man. Ukuxhumana senzeka Lezgin, okuyinto evame Ushintshe izakhamuzi. izinganekwane Lezghian ecebile izindaba zonkulunkulu ngubani ukulawula imvelo. Kodwa kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo ubuqaba ebuKristwini, okuyinto ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile kodwa esikhundleni Islam.

Njengazo zonke izizwe Dagestan, Lezgi esekhulile izitshalo, ukolweni ethile, irayisi kanye corn, imfuyo ezifuywa. Lezghins ekhiqizwa okhaphethi emangalisayo, aziwa kude lé nemingcele yesifunda sabo. Futhi yezandla ezivamile babelukela, ukuphotha, wazizwa ukukhiqizwa nezinto zokuhloba. Lezgins eyaziwa futhi abantu babo umdanso - akushinka, egcwele lukaKhisimusi zonke izizwe eCaucasus.

Rutul

Igama lesi sizwe livela isiphetho ngobukhulu - Rutul, etholakala eningizimu Dagestan. Bathi laba bantu Rutul, kodwa nezilimi zalo kuyahlukahluka bodwa. Inkolo bendabuko kule ndawo - Islam. izakhi yobuqaba Zikhona: ekukhulekeleni ezintabeni, amathuna yabangcwele. Esinye isici ukuthi ngaphandle Allah Rutuls baqaphela omunye, abo unkulunkulu Yinshli.

Tabasaran

Laba bantu futhi siphile eningizimu Dagestan. Inombolo yabo uyalingana ayizinkulungwane ezingu-90. Man. ulimi Tabasaranskiy sehlukaniswe zezigodi eningizimu nasenyakatho. izinkolelo Core - Islam. Amakilasi futhi bendabuko kakhulu kule ndawo - ukuzalaniswa kwamahhashi kanye nezolimo. Tabasaran bayizingcweti e ukhaphethi ukwelukwa, zobumba, umkhandi wensimbi, ukhuni ukucutshungulwa kanye womshini amasokisi amaphathini ahlukene. Sezingeni elithuthukile izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zamasiko, ezifana legends wasenganekwaneni futhi Folk songs.

Tsez iqembu abantu

Ngu Tsez zezizwe ziyisiliva abantu Hinukh, abantu Bezhta, tsezy, Hunzib abantu nabantu khwarshi. Akukho ulimi olufanayo, abantu ukuxhumana ngolimi lwabo. Ukuze baye eside lezi zizwe kwaba okubaluleke kakhulu kwadingeka igazi izibopho imikhaya, okubizwa ngokuthi tuhum. Lezi izinhlangano ukusiza ilungu ngalinye lomkhaya ukuba ukhethe umdlalo enenzuzo kakhulu umshado. Imikhiqizo esetshenziswa ubisi, omisiwe futhi ngokudlulisa, okusanhlamvu, ufulawa, fresh futhi izithelo ezomisiwe. Nakuba lezi zizwe namaSulumane, ukukholelwa jinn nemikhovu, amademoni futhi abathakathi eziye zalondolozwa.

Ngakho, imbeleko Dagestan izizwe eziningi. Amasiko ngamasiko izizwe Dagestan futhi ezikhathini zanamuhla uye walondoloza izici yaso eyingqayizivele, okubenza babe ezithakazelisayo siye esifundweni. Ukholo lwabo ihlanganisa izici eziyinhloko Islam futhi survivals wamaqaba esidlule, okubenza babe esiyingqayizivele.