World Heritage Kwamanye Amazwe. UNESCO Sites Heritage

Kwaphela isikhathi eside abantu akazange acabange ukuthi bazophila titukulwane takho. Kwathathelwa indawo nababusi, wabhubhisa yonke amasiko, awayona trace wahlala. Kamuva, abanye baye baba ngobuchule futhi walondoloza imisebenzi yobuciko, izakhiwo wobuhle zinkulu, izakhiwo ezithakazelisayo nokunye. N. Ekugcineni, isintu ukuba afinyelele isiphetho ukuthi izinto eziyigugu kakhulu ekuphileni kufanele afakwe ohlwini ekhethekile. Namuhla, izivakashi ngokuvakashela kwamanye amazwe, i-World Heritage Kwamanye Amazwe. UNESCO iphrojekthi isikhathi eside kungaba ngokuthi ngaphezu yimpumelelo.

ifa Umhlaba

Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, abantu baphazamiseka lapho ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi bayasiqaphela isidingo sokuvikela yemvelo kanye zomlando izikhumbuzo, yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu ukuzinikela lubonakaliswa uhlu ekhethekile, umqondo okuyinto lagcwaliseka ngo-1972, "On the nokuVikelwa Umhlaba emaSiko neweMvelo" kohlaka Convention, okuyinto bamemezela umthwalo jikelele ukuphepha izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu.

Namuhla ohlwini kuhlanganisa ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane amaphuzu, futhi zonke lezi izikhumbuzo zitholakala 161 isimo. Phakathi kwabo kukhona emakhoneni olunothile bemvelo umcabango emangalisayo imisebenzi wezandla zomuntu, kodwa ezinye izinto kungase kukumangaze labo abangamazi, iziphi izimiso iyawakha kulolu hlu.

nenqubo

Uhlelo lemihlaba Phesheya, kanti eRussia - akusiyo izakhiwo nje kanye izikhumbuzo zemvelo. into ngamunye uhlukile futhi likhona ohlwini nezimiselo zokuhlola ecacisiwe. Evamile, bahlukene zibe izingxenye ezimbili.

Ukuze izinto ezenziwa umuntu izici ezibalulekile ezifana obonakalisa ubuhlobo zokuziphatha kubantu, ukuthuthukiswa izakhiwo, ubunjalo kanye wedwa, ukuxhumana kanye nemibono kokuba domain yomphakathi. Yiqiniso, futhi uyakucabangela ubuhle kanye sobuhle bayo. Zonke izici eziyinhloko eziyisithupha.

Ngokwazi izikhumbuzo esingokwemvelo, kufanele sifake mkhuba noma indawo ezehlukile ubuhle, kuyisibonelo izigaba eziyinhloko yomlando, izinqubo Geological noma zamagciwane noma ebalulekile ngokuya nokugcina ukuhlukahluka izilwane nezitshalo. Kwethulwa ngu zonke zindlela ezine.

Labo kumasayithi World Heritage elise phesheya noma eRussia, okuyinto akunakubangelwa cishe ngokulinganayo kuya nenye iqembu abizwa ngokuthi okuxubile noma ukuba amagugu engokwesiko. Ngakho, lokho ncamashi lifakwa UNESCO hlu?

Izwe Amaqhawe

UNESCO Sites ayahlakazeka emhlabeni wonke engalingani kakhulu. States lapho inani elikhulu izikhumbuzo - lena e-Italy, i-China, eSpain, eFrance, eJalimane, eMexico, eNdiya, iGreat Britain, Russia nase-United States. Ndawonye, ensimini yabo kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-350 lezinto, emelela ngaphezulu kwengxenye eyodwa kwezintathu lonke uhlu. Cishe onke lawa mazwe, singasho ukuthi zingabantu izindlalifa impucuko enkulu, kanye nemithombo yemvelo. Kunoma ikuphi, le phezulu ohlwini akazange kwangimangaza impela.

izinto ezenziwe umuntu

Kulesi isigaba 2014, kukhona izinto 779. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa izakhiwo edume kakhulu futhi ezibalulekile futhi izakhiwo zomhlaba, iningi lazo ongeke ukwazi izimpawu lamazwe abo: Angkor Wat eCambodia, e-Easter Island, Elikhulu Wall of China, Abu Mena eGibhithe, Versailles, Cologne Cathedral, Acropolis e-Athens, i-Taj Mahal, amathempeli prambanan futhi Borobudur e-Indonesia, Samarra lasendulo, elise ensimini ka Iran yesimanje, Petra e Jordan, Chichen Itza futhi Teotihuacan eMexico, Cuzco, Peru, Kizhi igceke lesonto, yebandla Kolomenskoye, Stonehenge, esifanekisweni of Liberty, eSydney opera ... ngokuvamile gqamisa into eyodwa samanje ko nzima ukuthi uhlu uthola yonke isikhungo esingokomlando emadolobheni ahlukahlukene - kaningi kakhulu siyenzeka eYurophu. Konke ezihanjelwa kakhulu ababuki bamazwe ngokuqinisekile ziwele kulolu hlu. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi, uma kade kukhona izinguquko ezinkulu, into "eshiya" Yomhlaba. Phesheya, siyazi amacala amabili anjalo: Elbe Valley eduze Dresden sekuqediwe ngokuqondene ukwakhiwa komgwaqo; Reserve White Oryx - uhlobo olukhethekile wezinyamazane - Oman bakhishwe ohlwini ngenxa zokunciphisa insimu yalo nokulawula iyasilela abazingeli. Mhlawumbe angashintsha ngesikhathi, kodwa ngisho noma cha, minyaka yonke ikomiti ekhethekile ucabangela iziphakamiso ezintsha kanye elisha ukuhlanganiswa lezinto ezihlukahlukene esikhathini amagugu wezwe phesheya.

ezikhumbuzo yemvelo

Izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu futhi enhle esigabeni "uhlelo lemihlaba Phesheya" - izinto bemvelo. ukudalwa komuntu, okungukuthi, izakhiwo, izakhiwo, kanye nokunye. e., ukwazi kakhulu, kodwa kumnandi kakhulu ukubona ukuthi wadala ngaphandle kosizo futhi zilekelele zabantu. Uhlu izikhumbuzo ezinjalo (2014) kuhlanganisa amagama 197. The izindawo zitholakala emazweni 87 emhlabeni wonke. 19 babo asengozini (nganoma yisiphi isizathu). By the way, uhlu UNESCO Site iqala lesikhumbuzo yemvelo - iziQhingi zaseGalapagos, okuyinto Uthole lesi nodumo 1978. Futhi, mhlawumbe, lingasuswa ngokuthi ngempela ukujabulisa, ngoba lapha izilwane eziningi ezingavamile futhi izitshalo ekhaya, lezi ziqhingi futhi waziwa ngokuba imibono yayo ekhexisayo. Futhi, ekugcineni, emva kwakho konke, imvelo iyona umcebo eziyigugu kakhulu isintu.

isigaba ezixutshiwe

Ezinye izakhiwo adalwe indoda, ehlobene kangaka nge-landscape ne imvelo ukuthi kunzima olongahle uqambe igama ezenziwe umuntu. Noma, kunalokho, umuntu kancane kuphela washintsha okwavela ngenxa Geological, yemvelo kanye nezinye izinqubo ezingokwemvelo. Kunoma yikuphi, i-World Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo Wezamafa by UNESCO, emelelwa izinto kwalesi sigaba, iyingqayizivele ngempela.

izindawo ezinjalo abambalwa - 31, kodwa ukuchaza ngisho kafushane ngasinye akunakwenzeka, ngakho bathatha okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo futhi ezithakazelisayo ngendlela yalo. Lokhu kuhlanganisa zokulondolozwa e-Australia naseNew Zealand, Mount Athos, Machu Picchu, izindela of meteora, imvelo Tasmania, kwezindawo zemvelo futhi ukuphila lokulidolobha laseLapland nokuningi. Yisimangaliso ukuthi yonke le nsada kufikile isikhathi sethu kuleli fomu, futhi inkinga jikelele isintu - sokulondoloza leli ifa ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo.

amazwe Russia nase CIS

Ngo ezwe elaliyi-USSR kukhona inqwaba izikhumbuzo kufakwe UNESCO uhlu. Abanye bafaka phambili njengoba ukhetho. Sekukonke zikhona izinto 52, kuhlanganise Struve arc geodetic, elise ensimini ka ezifundazweni eziningana.

Uhlu kuhlanganisa amagama ezifana eMoscow ezibiyele, Samarkand, eChersonese, eBukhara, iChibi iBaikal, le Yelena Wezinsika, Putorana ithafa, entabeni Sulaiman-Too nokunye. D. Njengoba ngokucophelela UNESCO Site, etholakala endaweni amazwe CIS, unga ngisho ukuxazulula neze ukuya ekudeni, ezihlola emakhaya abo - izinto ezihlukahlukene ngakho futhi ezithakazelisayo kuwo ethulwa. Awu, bese ungakwazi futhi bheka omakhelwane, futhi uhambe ngalé nezilwandle ezintathu - ngeke uqhathanise.

UNESCO e-Ukraine - kungcono 7 amaphrojekthi okwamanje, kanti elinye 15 kulindile. Phakathi kwamazwe CIS, kuleli zwe linenani esibili aphakeme amaphuzu afakwe ohlwini phambi kwethu. Lezi zihlanganisa, isibonelo, Kiev-Pechersk Lavra futhi St Sophia Cathedral ekhatsi Kiev, isikhungo esingokomlando Lviv, emahlathini beech we Carpathians.

isimo

Kungase kubonakale sengathi ukufakwa World Heritage Busakazekela Kwamanye Amazwe - kungcono nje ibhonasi nice lula izivakashi kanye nabahamba kule nkinga lokuzikhethela lapho ukuya khona nokuthi yini ukubona. Kodwa lokhu akulona icala, ngoba izinto eziningi zisengozini yokuqothulwa noma ezicekeleké, okwenza sidinge ukwelashwa okukhethekile. ukufakwa kwabo UNESCO uhlu ungaqhubeka ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengeza amasayithi ohlwini siphakamisa udumo udumo lwawo, nakho izivakashi xaxa lizwe. Ukuthuthukiswa lo mkhakha umnotho ukhiqiza anawo imali eningi, okuyinto ungakwazi ukubuyisela lezo izikhumbuzo ezifanayo amasiko eziye zavela ohlwini UNESCO ngesikhathi. Ngakho le phrojekthi ziwusizo kuzo zonke izici.

Izinto esongelwa

Ngeshwa, zonke akuyona kamnandi kangaka. Kukhona nesigaba okhethekile ohlwini, ekhomba ezikhumbuzo kanye nemvelo, lazo ezithusayo izinguquko ezibucayi noma ukunyamalala ngokuphelele. izizathu ezahlukene: izinhlobo ezahlukene zezinhlekelele nezingozi, impi, umthelela ongemuhle sezulu kanye nesikhathi. Hhayi konke lokhu zingalawulwa, ukuze esikhathini esizayo esiseduze lesintu kungenzeka ukuthi ulahlekelwe ngeminye izinto kufakwe Umhlaba Ezingokwemvelo Kanye Nezenzo Wezamafa. Manje kulolu hlu "okwethusayo" izinto 46. Akekho kubo akufakwanga kwe-World Heritage Sites eRussia. Phesheya, lezi zimo esifanayo, ngeshwa, akuyona into engajwayelekile. Kodwa ikomidi isebenza kulesi siqondiso.

UNESCO amasayithi esongelwa, kuhlanganise nabathile ababethi uvele kakhulu kudala - ku 3-5 yeminyaka BC, ngakho ukubaluleka kwaso kungamane neze overestimated. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga eziningi, izinhlelo ukwakhiwa kanye kabusha impi, izikhukhula, ukuzingela ngokungemthetho, nokunye. N. Ungavumeli ukusho ukuthi lezi zindawo ziphephile.

ikomidi

UNESCO - inhlangano elikhulu elanikezelwa izinkinga ezihlukahlukene, World Heritage Busakazekela Kwamanye Amazwe - kuphela omunye wabo. Futhi yonke imibuzo ehlobene nale indaba ephathwayo, ikomiti ekhethekile enquma. It ihlangana kanye ngonyaka lokunquma amaphrojekthi ngokufaka isicelo ukufakwa ohlwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le komiti omula dalo amaqembu ukusebenza ezigxile izinto ngabanye. Kusebenza njengomnyombo isikhungo sezezimali, ukwaba izimali emazweni party EMhlanganweni, sabo. Sekukonke, le komiti inamalungu 21. I sesikhundleni iningi labo yisikhathi 2017.

uhlu efanayo

Yiqiniso, amatshe ezikhumbuzo engokwesiko kubaluleke kakhulu futhi esiyigugu, kodwa isintu ulwela ukulondoloza hhayi kubo kuphela. Ngokungafani izinto ezibonakalayo zadalwa uhlu equkethe izibonelo esiphawuleka kunazo zonke lokusungula, ulwazi nokunye. D. Kusukela ngo-2001, i-UNESCO ugcina umbhalo Ubuciko ubuqambi Oral futhi angaphatheki. Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi sikhuluma ngemisebenzi izincwadi - uhlu ubanzi kakhulu futhi ezihlukahlukene ezingaphezu kuka kubonakala. Kuhlanganisa amasiko Culinary emazweni ehlukene emhlabeni, nekhono eziyingqayizivele izizwe ngazinye, chants ejwayelekile nemidanso, ngisho Falconry!

Enye iphrojekthi eklanyelwe ukugcina UNESCO Site, ubizwa ngokuthi "Memory of the World". Futhi ngempela into lifana ukugcina ulwazi ahlukahlukene - ngoba uhlu equkethe, imibhalo ezibaluleke kakhulu esekhona lwesintu yazo zonke izikhathi. Lezi zihlanganisa ama-movie, izithombe, imisindo, izithombe, yesandla zomlando abantu abadumile.

UNESCO amaphrojekthi ahloselwe eziqhakambisa ezikhumbuzo kwamasiko kanye nezenzakalo zonke izinhlobo, ake Ungakhohlwa ukuthi wonke umuntu uyakwazi ukudala into enkulu futhi uyakufanelekela ukuba ahlale phakade emlandweni. Futhi zisiza ngezikhathi ume ucabange okhokho bangaki enhle sidalwe nemvelo, futhi kuyoba maye yiko.