Izikhumbuzo zomlando yeRussia. Incazelo izikhumbuzo zomlando e Moscow

izikhumbuzo zomlando yeRussia, ngokuvumelana 2014, uhlu oluphelele amayunithi 1007, ezahlukene okukushoyo. Ngamunye into nakumasiko we Russian Federation has ngezinga elithile ukubaluleka kwezobuciko. Ngamunye izikhumbuzo zomlando Russian kufakwe UNESCO. Kuze kube manje, kukhona 26 izikhungo ezinjengalezi, lapho 10 ihlobana sphere kwamasiko, 6 ezibhekwa yobuciko ebaluleke emhlabeni, futhi omunye 10 zemvelo eRussia izimpawu zokuphila zikhanga ngokukhethekile yobuhle.

Ithemba ukuqashelwa

Amabili nane lesikhumbuzo Russian sise esiteji okufakwayo UNESCO nerejista njengengxenye 1988 Umhlangano We- Umhlaba emaSiko neweMvelo. izikhumbuzo zomlando, okuyinto zivikelwe isimo - ngokuyinhloko izinto obaluleke ngokukhethekile, babe isimo amasosha omzimba.

Accounting kanye systematization

Ukuze uthumele into kwamasiko, kumelwe wenze incazelo somlando nge kwezikhathi izenzakalo ezihlobene ukuvela yayo. Ngokuvamile, kulokhu epochal ngezikhawu. Indima ebalulekile lesikhumbuzo ukuze ukuphila wezwe zomphakathi, bese ngokuvamile kuba ukubaluleka educative futhi abonisa ukushisekela izwe. Incazelo isikhumbuzo mlando ngo Kulokhu kuba saziso, kufanele zifakwe ohlelweni kwezikhungo secondary futhi ephakeme zemfundo.

Ukuthandwa yobuciko Russian

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ebhukwinitifundvo Russian izinto eziqondene namasiko ozijwayele zonke izakhamuzi. Lokhu izikhumbuzo zomlando, abadumile hhayi kuphela e-Russia kodwa futhi phesheya. ukubaluleka yabo ayikwazi overestimated. Okokuqala, kuba zomlando izikhumbuzo eMoscow, kuhlanganise St Vasiliya Blazhennogo, Red Square, le ezibiyele, lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin futhi Pozharsky. Bonke basuke bagxila maphakathi inhlokodolobha Russian. Okunye izikhumbuzo zomlando eMoscow kukhona at ibanga elithile, kodwa lokhu akusho kunganciphisa isithunzi sabo. Zonke izinto eziqondene namasiko evikelwe nguhulumeni.

Kwamasiko Umhlaba

izikhumbuzo zomlando zomhlaba zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe. Lona-Eiffel Tower eParis, le Reichstag e Berlin, i-Taj Mahal eNdiya, imibhoshongo we oFaro eGibhithe nabanye abaningi. izikhumbuzo zomlando neze uchithwe, ngaphandle ngesihluku kwamaphekula abashisekeli kakhulu.

A umphakathi ophucukile libhekisela ifa esidlule ngenhlonipho futhi izikhumbuzo zomlando avikelekile futhi igcinwe efanele. Kukhona izimali ezahlukene zomphakathi kanye nezizimele ukuze kulondolozwe lezinto zamasiko.

Ziphephile endaweni evulekile

Monuments of ifa zomlando ngokuvamile iminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu. Ingxenye ezingavikelekile kakhulu zalo ungqimba kwamasiko - iyingqayizivele bokwakha, abahlushwa kwezimo ezingezinhle zezulu. Ngakho une izikhumbuzo zamasiko nezomlando bokwakha evikelwe ekubhujisweni. Ezinye zazo kwaba nomthelela intando emvelweni, njengensimbi kweColosseum edumile emhlabeni wonke. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo saziwa yifa ezweni kubangelwa ikakhulu kumafomu yayo agugile.

yobuciko yezakhiwo

Iningi izikhumbuzo zomlando ka isiko zisesimweni esifanele, ngoba bakhuthele ziphephile emhlabeni embukisweni nakumasiko. Lezi izinto zihlanganisa Cathedral St Basil BakaJehova eMoscow, Cathedral St Sika-Isaka Sokuba Petersburg, isonto Sergiev Posad.

Ngokuvamile, bonke ezikhumbuzo zamasiko nezomlando Russia bangaphansi Ukuvikelwa isimo, futhi ngaphansi kokuqondisa tetakhiwo letifanelekile. emizimbeni sikahulumeni sivikelwe ukwenza konke angakwenza ukuze asindise obukhulu ezakha Isikhwama segolide yezwe.

Izinhlobo izikhumbuzo zomlando

Tinchubo temasiko zihlukaniswe ngezigaba, kuhlanganise rarities futhi yobuciko kusuka kwezinkathi ezahlukene. Izikhumbuzo ukuthi ube ukubaluleka mlando, bakha iqembu ahlukene, kodwa zitholakala ezindaweni ezahlukene. Abakwazi ihlukaniswe izigaba ezilandelayo:

• esikhumbuzo yezakhiwo (ezifana iKazan Cathedral Petersburg).
• Isikhumbuzo Inkazimulo (Motherland e Volgograd).
• Monuments of izinhlamvu zomlando (Bronze wehhashi - esifanekisweni Equestrian kaPetru mina Petersburg).
• Statues izithombe ubuntu owashiya yabo emlandweni (u-Alexander I, Square St Sika-Isaka Sokuba Petersburg).
• amasayithi thematic (Sevastopol Bay, yisikhumbuzo imikhumbi elahlekile).
• kumiswa omkhulukazi Yemvelo (Krasnoyarskii izigxobo).

izikhumbuzo zomlando zomuzi,

imfundo ekhethekile kwamasiko endaweni Russia, enenani ethnographic. Lo muzi nge esidlule zomlando engavamile. Isibonelo salokhu umuzi-lesikhumbuzo Eniseisk, eye besibhekene nezikhathi eziningana sokugcwaliseka kwaso. Kusukela ngekhulu lesi-nantathu, yayihlukaniselwa futhi kuhlanganiswe, kwaba maphakathi ukuhweba noboya ke layiqhaqhazelisa rush igolide.

Sezomlando emadolobheni, izikhumbuzo nezindawo kubhekwe izimpi nobuqhawe eKursk, Sevastopol, Volgograd nabanye. "Akekho umuntu ukhohlwe, lutho ukhohlwe" - Isiqubulo sabo, zinyanga ngokusebenzisa amashumi eminyaka.

ezikhumbuzo Famous Russian

• Isikhungo esingokomlando Petersburg nge izikhumbuzo eziningana kwamasiko: Winter Palace (Hermitage), Palace Square, u-Alexander Ikholomu.
• IKazan Cathedral Petersburg wezakhiwo A. Voronikhin (neminyaka ukwakhiwa - 1801 - 1811). Bakhelwe isitoreji isithonjana Our Lady of Kazan. Ngo 1812, Cathedral amabutho Russian ashiye impi Napoleon. Ithempeli yagcotshwa uMbusi uPawulu I. iKazan Cathedral, phakathi kwezinye izinto, wakhonza njengephayona ethuneni Field Marshal Mihaila Illarionovicha Kutuzova.

• Moscow ezibiyele Museum, futhi amasonto.
• Red Square, Cathedral St Basil sika, isikhumbuzo Minin futhi Pozharsky, ushingamu, le Mausoleum, le Historical Museum.
• I kwamasiko eziyinkimbinkimbi "Islands Solovetsky" e White Sea, okuyinto afakwe 1992 UNESCO uhlu ifa.
• The Ensemble yezakhiwo Kizhi: isimo Church of izahluko amabili nantathu, ngobuciko izakhiwo Russian sokhuni ibandla ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Intercession Church iqoqo eliyingqayizivele imifanekiso nombhoshongo insimbi eyakhelwe kamuva.
• Umuzi wasendulo Novgorod nasezindaweni ezizungezile, kuhlanganise convents ezine: St George sika, izilwane, Antony kanye Ngena ngemvume. Church of the kukaJesu enkundleni abomvu.
• Astrakhan ezibiyele - izinqaba, eyakhelwe oda Ivana Groznogo ngo-1558. On insimu yalo kukhona: Cathedral of kweNyuka (ezinhlanu oluyingungu, nge igalari arched), uCyril yesonto Prechistenskie esangweni nge umbhoshongo insimbi, isigungu sabefundisi sombhishobhi endlini isonto, Cathedral zintathu Ongcwele, eyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo "Ziqu-zintathu-uSergiyu Lavra" e Sergiev Posad.
• Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo komlando Yaroslavl emuva ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule. ezakhiwa ngesikhathi ukuhlela kwekuhlela kabusha lwedolobha uCatherine II ngo 1763 Ngo-2005 izakhiwo eziyinhloko, idolobha wenza UNESCO Site.

• Umuzi wasendulo Pskov. Kusukela 1348 yena ayebhekwa dolobha ye-republic esizimele Pskov. Ngo 1510, kwathiwa lebhalwe Grand Duchy of eMoscow. Njengamanje isikhungo yokugogobala izivakashi. Ikakhulukazi phakathi ezikhangayo yilezi ezilandelayo: i-Kremlin, Pogankiny Chamber of Pskov inqaba, Cathedral of the Holy Trinity Monastery Mirozhsky.
• Izmailovo - lesikhumbuzo yezakhiwo, ababekade inxuluma wasebukhosini. Ngo 1812 isakhiwo main bekulimele phakathi nokuhlaselwa Napoleon. wayeneminyaka engamashumi amathathu nesishiyagalombili e Izmailovo lempi uvule uhlelo almshouse, okuyinto uhlala endaweni ngokukhethekile eyakhelwe le izakhiwo ezintsha.
• UVladimir-Suzdal zomlando-yobuciko Reserve, ingxenye Golden Ring of Russia. Kuyinto lesikhumbuzo eziyingqayizivele sesakhiwo 12-13 eminyaka, yobuciko ezimhlophe itshe lakhe ukubaluleka ayikwazi overestimated.
• Tanais - Imyuziyemu-Reserve of Archaeology. Sise umlomo Don. Insimu reserve - ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane ezintathu amahektha, kuso kukhona izikhumbuzo zomlando namasiko, eziqala kwenkathi Paleolithic. Exposition Museum, phakathi kwezinye izinto, libonise usadlondlobele impucuko yamaGreki asendulo.

Akwaziwa izikhumbuzo yemvelo

• IChibi iBaikal - esiqiwini engokwemvelo ukubaluleka izwe - deep kakhulu emhlabeni. It has ikhono eliyingqayizivele ukuze ahlanze ngokwayo.
• Izintaba-mlilo eKamchatka kusuka ingqikithi 29 zazo zivuliwe. Ezinye kwabheduka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane ezine edlule, Nokho zibuthuntu abakwazi ngokuthi okokugcina, ngoba ekujuleni lava is abilayo. Kusukela enjalo emgodini intabamlilo ngezikhathi ubona umusi kanye amagesi, okusho ukuthi ingaphansi umsebenzi fumarole.
• Golden Altai Izintaba - eyingqayizivele landscape ekwakhekeni, ehlanganisa awalethe enamadwala enhle, okuyinto amanga endaweni ethile yase-abayizinkulungwane eziyishumi nesithupha amakhilomitha square. Yemvelo Isikhumbuzo kufakwe UNESCO ngo-1998.
• Amathe Curonian - isiqeshana emincane esihlabathini isikhathi eside 98 amakhilomitha, ohlanganisa Lithuanian Klaipeda ukuba Kaliningrad esifundeni futhi ehlukanisa Curonian Lagoon futhi khona oLwandle iBaltic.
• Putorana Plateau - landscape reserve esiyingqayizivele, esehlanganise amakhilomitha abangaba yizigidi ezimbili skwele endaweni Central laseSiberia Plateau. Libhekene inhlanganisela ezingavamile kweMvelo zezulu, ihlathi-emathafeni kukhona eseduze ehlane Arctic. Kukhona amachibi amaningi acwebile esifundeni, emifuleni, ehlathini zamahlathi. Emathafeni ase-uthuthe amashumi ezinkulungwane izinyamazane zasendle.
• Yelena Wezinsika - epaki zemvelo loMfula i-ULena. Uchungechunge amawa mpo ukuthi welule ibanga elingamakhilomitha amaningi, kuwumphumela izinxushunxushu zomhlaba emhlabeni izinkulungwane 400 edlule. Yelena Wezinsika kufakwe UNESCO ngo-2012.