Definition of isizwe. Izizwe zomhlaba. Nabantu nezizwe

Nation - a kwamasiko-kwezombusazwe, umphakathi ngokomlando moya zabantu. Definition of isizwe kuyinto ngempela ukufiphala, ngakho kukhona ecacisa izitatimende zokulungisa. Badinga ukwazi ukusebenzisa lo mqondo nezincwadi zesayensi kanye ethandwa, futhi musa kuxhomeke umongo.

Kanjani ukuqonda elithi "isizwe"

Ngakho, lapho kusondela constructivism uveza ukuthi umqondo welithi "isizwe" akunikezi inani langempela ngokuphelele. elite Intellectual namasiko lidale amafilosofi, okuyinto kulandele abanye abantu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, loko akusho kutsi vele kudingeka umemeze iziqubulo zombusazwe noma ukwenza manifestos. Engingakusho nje amakghonwabo ukuze aqondise abantu endleleni okuyiyona. Phela, eyizingqabavu kakhulu ingabe umbono wokuthi ingena ikhanda kancane kancane, ngaphandle kwengcindezi oqondile.

Imingcele umthelela esikweni lesizwe kukhona cordons yezombangazwe nokunqoba amazwe ngempela eziphathekayo. umhlaziyi Constructivist Benedict Anderson unika le ncazelo isizwe: okucatshangelwayo umphakathi kwezombangazwe, okwakusho unguMbusi ngokwemvelo futhi okunomkhawulo lonke izwe. Baleli ukucabanga ongaphika ukuhileleka ekwakheni isizwe nakho kanye nesiko dlule zukulwane. Bayaqiniseka ukuthi ngemva kwesikhathi kwezimboni, umphakathi omusha.

isizwe yobuhlanga

Primordialists welithi "isizwe" imele uhlobo ukuvela uhlanga ezingeni elisha futhi basenze sibe isizwe. Libuye libe uhlobo ubuzwe, kodwa lihlotshaniswa nomqondo umoya esizwe igcizelela uxhumano yayo nge "izimpande".

Amalungu lo mbono bakholelwa ukuthi isizwe yenza umoya owodwa esikhashana ukuthi ukhona ngokungabonakali ngo zonke izakhamuzi. Usiza ukuba nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo namasiko ukuhlanganisa abantu. Ngesisekelo isifundiso imikhaya ulimi singafinyelela eziphethweni ngalokho abantu ababuthanda nomunye, futhi yiziphi akuzona. Kodwa ngaphandle kwalokho, amasiko hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi izizwe imvelaphi yezinto eziphilayo kuboshelwe imfundiso yokuziphendukela wathi.

ubuzwe

Abantu kanye nesizwe - imiqondo hhayi ezifanayo, kanye uhlanga futhi isizwe. Zonke incike wakho umbono kanye amafilosofi namasiko. Emazweni ayengaphansi kweSoviet Union leligama eveza umphakathi yobuhlanga, kodwa akuhlanganisi zonke kwabawayo ngaphansi kwencazelo isizwe. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani ubuzwe - kungokwalabo isizwe ngakwesokudla lobuzwe, lokuzalwa, indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo endaweni avaliwe.

Ngesinye isikhathi, kwakubikwa umbono wokuthi izizwe zomhlaba akhiwa izici zofuzo, kodwa umkhuba kungenzeka ukuthola inhlanganisela enjalo kokubili, Russian isiJalimane, Ukraine, isiPolish nabanye abaningi. Kulokhu, ufuzo udlala nhlobo indima lobunikazi umuntu njengesakhamuzi yezwe, lapho owandile into namandla kunomFilisti imizwelo engokwemvelo esivela wonke amangqamuzana zomzimba.

izinhlobo izizwe

izizwe evamile zomhlaba zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezimbili:

1. Time.The.
2. Monoethnic.

Lesi sakamuva ingatholwa kulezo izingxenye zomhlaba lapho kunzima lapho: ezintabeni, phezu eziqhingini ezikude sezulu elibuhlungu. Iningi lezizwe emhlabeni - elixube. Kuyinto ngokunengqondo kungenzeka baphethe, uma wazi umlando emhlabeni. Phakathi khona isintu bazalelwa futhi wafa Empire, linothile owaziwa ngaleso izwe isikhathi. Ukubalekela zemvelo nezimpi, abantu bathuthela kusukela komunye umkhawulo nezwekazi kuya komunye, ngaphezu, zikhona ezinye izibonelo eziningi.

ulimi

Definition of isizwe ongakaphathelani lolulwimi cobo lwalo. Akukho okusobala phakathi izindlela zokuxhumana kanye uhlanga lwabantu. Okwamanje, kukhona izilimi ezivamile:

• isiZulu;
• French;
• German;
• isiShayina;
• Arabhu kanye nokunye okufana nalokho. d.

Basuke wamukela njengoba isimo ngaphezu kuka-kwelinye izwe. Kukhona futhi izibonelo lapho ingxenye enkulu yesizwe musa abakhuluma lolo limi, okwakuyoholela kufanele kubonise uhlanga lwabo.

Irekhodi kubhekwe njengento ezweni kanyekanye isebenzisa izilimi ezine - kuyinto Switzerland. Kukhona samukelwa ukuba akhulume isiJalimane, isiFulentshi, isiNtaliyane futhi Romansch.

isizwe Psychology

Ngokusho ithiyori kwezomnotho, umuntu uzalwa, izimpilo bese ufa ngaphandle kokushiya indawo yemvelo ajwayelekile. Kodwa nge obhekwe kwezimboni, lesi sithombe wokwelusa unika ufa. Isizwe sabantu ihlangane, ukungena nomunye futhi alethe emagugu emasiko abo.

Njengoba abaphukile umndeni endaweni izibopho kalula, isizwe kudala umphakathi womhlaba kubantu ngaphandle constraining nabo ukunyakaza kwabo. Kulokhu, kwakhiwa umphakathi hhayi ngenxa ukuzibandakanya siqu, consanguinity noma amaziyo, futhi ngenxa yezikhwepha ezisuke zithandwa ngaleso, esiyingxenye ezingqondweni isithombe wobunye.

kumiswa

Ukuze kwakhiwe isizwe, sidinga izici kwezomnotho, kwezombusazwe nezingxabano zobuzwe ngesikhathi nendawo hlanganani. Inqubo ukwakheka kwesizwe kanye nemibandela ukhona bayatfutfuka kanyekanye, ngakho ukwakhiwa liyavumelana. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuze kwenzeka ukwakheka kwesizwe, udinga ukwenza push kusuka ngaphandle. Ngokwesibonelo, empini yase-ukuzimela noma engekho emthethweni ngenkathi yokubusa lesitha basondele kakhulu abantu. Alwa ngoba umbono zingawuhawukeli ukuphila kwakhe ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu luyisisusa esinamandla ukuze ujoyine.

Isula kobuzwe

Ngokuthakazelisayo, zamaphilo esitjhabeni iqala ekhanda futhi uphela. Ukuze abamele abantu noma isimo ukuqaphela ngokwayo njengesizwe, kubalulekile ukuba sinikeze abantu azithandayo, isifiso, indlela yokuphila nolimi. Kodwa lapha iwukudambisa lezi zici bese ngikupha abanye abantu, udinga okuthile ngaphezu inkulumo-ze namasiko. Zamaphilo esitjhabeni kubonakala akucabangayo iyunifomu. Wonke amalungu alo alungele ukuvikela kwezifiso zawo, baze ningangabazi ngokunemba izinqumo bese ngizwa umzimba owodwa, futhi siqukethe inqwaba amaseli. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa ukuthi kungakanani abakwaziyo singenziwa ebonwe eSoviet Union, lapho ingxenye ngemibono kuyinto umphumela onamandla kangaka ku ungubani engumuntu, nginomuzwa wokuthi nguye isakhamuzi zwe elikhulukazi, lapho wonke umuntu ecabanga synchronously.

Nation - ngumqondo ezibanzi evumela ukuthi delineate imingcele yayo. Okwamanje, futhi uhlanga noma imingcele zezombusazwe noma ukusongela kwempi awukwazi kuthinte lasungulwa. Lo mqondo, ngasendleleni, bavele Inkathi French Revolution njengoba kuqhathaniswa amandla inkosi. Phela, kukholakala ukuthi yena wabonakaliswa, ogcotshiweyo kaNkulunkulu futhi wonke ama-oda wakhe abhekwa imiphumela emihle kakhulu, hhayi emzweni odlulayo zezombusazwe. Ezikhathini zanamuhla futhi wesimanje yenze ezinye izinguquko kwencazelo esizweni sayo, kodwa kwavela olulodwa ukulawula isimo indlela, ukuthekelisa futhi ukungenisa emakethe, ukusabalala imfundo, ngisho emazweni yezwe yesithathu, ukukhulisa izinga kwamasiko sabantu, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ungubani. Ngakho-ke, ithonya kwi ukwakheka umphakathi ukwenza izinhlangano zamasiko nezombusazwe Sekunzima kakhulu.

Ngaphansi kwethonya yizimpi nokuvukela kwamiswa zonke izizwe ezinkulu Europe kanye amazwe wamakoloni ka-Asia, e-Afrika. Bazigcina elixube, kodwa ukuze uzizwe nakunoma yisiphi isizwe Ngeke kudingeke nobuzwe efanayo. Phela, kuba kunalokho isimo sengqondo kanye umphefumulo, hhayi umninikhaya ngokomzimba. Okuningi kuxhomeke isiko kanye nemfundo ongashadile, isifiso sakhe abe yingxenye yalo lonke, hhayi ukuba sahlukane ke esebenzisa izimiso zokuziphatha futhi ngemibono yefilosofi.