EAEC - kuyini? amazwe Ukubamba iqhaza EAEC

Namuhla EAEC imibuzo mayelana ukuthi kuyini, indlela amandla okuningi kungaba uphawu, kancane kancane uthole izimpendulo zabo. Kusobala ukuthi ingqondo uzinzile izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana NATO ne-European Union, kukonke waseNtshonalanga okuphumela ukusikwa okufanayo okunengqondo Inqubomgomo amandla eMpumalanga. Futhi eRussia uzama abe maphakathi force anjalo, ukudala EAEC, umfelandawonye ihlose ukukhiqiza hhayi kukhula kwemnotfo kuphela, kodwa futhi ukubaluleka zezombusazwe.

ukwehluleka CIS

EAEC - kuyini? Ngokusemthethweni, lena inhlangano yamazwe ngamazwe abasha, kulethe i empumalanga nasentshonalanga ngxabano monoliths. Nokho, eYurophu nase-Asia Union akuyona into entsha, kwase kunesiqiniseko ngesisekelo pre-ekhona, kodwa liye lazibonakalisa izinhlangano ayizwakali. Ngomqondo onabile, inkulumo umbimbi wokuqala kuleyo ndawo kungaba ibhekwe CIS owaziwa - Commonwealth of Independent States, okuyinto ugcwele Union ngasebenzi, abe nokuncane kakhulu.

Inhlangano yesibili kule isikhala waba Eurasia Economic Community. Umqondo indalo yayo bafaka isicelo uMongameli Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev ngo-1994. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, abalingani babefuna izixazululo eliphezulu ukuqaliswa kwe ngokubambisana entsha. Futhi ngo-2000, eRussia, eKazakhstan, Belarus, Tajikistan futhi Kyrgyzstan usayine inkontileka Yobambiswano langena ngaphansi kwazo zibe amandla ngo-2001.

amasiko union

Omunye nezindaba esemqoka ye-Eurasia Economic Community kwaba ukuxoxa kudalwa amasiko endaweni eyodwa. Ngenxa yalokho, ekuqaleni kuka-2010 ngaphakathi kohlaka EurAsEC Customs Union zaqala ukusebenza. I Union sidalwe ukuthuthukisa ukuhweba ukuhlanganiswa, ukuhweba duty-free zigaba, lapho ngempahla ngeke sihambisane nanoma yimiphi babe izingqinamba kwezomnotho. Ubumbano lwezinhlangano kuhlanganisa wonke States EAEC, abanemfundo nayo ngenkuthalo okuxoxwe kusukela ngaleso sikhathi.

Ukwethulwa kwe-amasiko nekhowudi, eyamukelwa futhi samukelwa yibo bonke abantu States, wayengekho kuqondile. Ingxabano Kwagqashuka phakathi ezibiyele futhi Minsk, kangangokuthi uVladimir Putin ukusabisile umholi Belarusian ukuthi isenzo Union uzoqala ngaphandle kwakhe. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Ephreli 2011, izilawuli ezokuthutha emngceleni Russian-Belarusian kukhanselwe. Nakuba nokugcina emngceleni nokuthuthela kwamanye amazwe control, nokuthengiswa ezivela kula mazwe lisikisela zero izinga VAT kanye nokuntuleka nokukhokhwa imisebenzi mkhuba. Uma ukungenisa i-VAT kanye mkhuba intela ukuza iziphathimandla zentela we Russian Federation.

Eyesibili isinyathelo - a isikhala esisodwa

Ekupheleni kuka-2011, emazweni iqhaza sezisungule le Eurasia Economic Commission. Phakathi imisebenzi esemqoka ye le khomishana, phakathi kokunye, ekuqiniseni obengeziwe ubudlelwane kwezomnotho njengendlela yesikhulumi, okwakukhona ukuze ujike ngaphakathi dalo of EAEC.

Ekuqaleni kuka-2012, wamiswa Evamile Economic Space (CES), sithuthukisa ukuhlanganiswa mutual lamazwe. Ukuqalisa kwaphawulwa samukelwa ngokomthetho wonke amalungu isikhala ukuze udale idokhumenti izivumelwano 17.

Lokhu kwaba esigabeni yokugcina ekuhleleni, umphumela esasayinwa ku 29 Meyi ngonyaka odlule maphakathi zebhizinisi Kazakhstan Astana, isivumelwano ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane EAEC. Eyokuqala ngaBhimbidvwane kulomnyaka, kusho inyunyana locale kusebenta iqhaza eRussia, eKazakhstan kanye Belarus, ngosuku emva isivumelwano samukelwa ngokomthetho e-Armenia. Lokhu okulandelayo kwenzeka ezinyangeni kuphela emva ezine labetibambile e ukubusa yaseKyrgyzstan.

isabelo-Armenian

Adalberto isikhathi eside ne-kuya Russian Union of the weshashalazi Asian World GEOPOLITICS wadonsa Armenia. Futhi nakuba ezweni kuzalwa wajoyina inyunyana ngo-January 2 kulo nyaka, mina wadonsa i lotifunako sikhathi eminyakeni embalwa kunoma yiziphi izingxoxo ngokujoyina Customs Union kuyafana enhlanganweni ngaphambili. Ukulandela imiphumela amacebo uyephuza Armenia wangqongqoza 1.13% esigxotsheni namasiko imisebenzi kwezimpahla amazwe endaweni ka-Union. Kuyaphawuleka lapha ukuthi izwe alinayo imingcele engokoqobo ngqo yimiphi kubahlanganyeli Customs Union. Ngaphezu evamile amasiko tariff ukuthengwa kwezimpahla (ikakhulukazi ukukhuluma mayelana nemikhiqizo yezolimo) wase-Armenia ngizoya kuphela 2022. On ubisi, amaqanda noju ezinye yamanani izosebenza kuze 2020, futhi izithelo namantongomane - kuze 2019 th.

ekukhokheni Okufanayo zinikezwa kwezinye izinhlobo imikhiqizo ukudla. Kuze kube ngo-2018, kuyosebenza zero yamanani zihamba ngophethiloli, nge umuntu tariff EAEC ziyokhokhwa kuphela ngo-2020. Ngokufanayo sihlelwe ukulungisa imisebenzi ku yasekhemisi, imikhiqizo eziphilayo futhi wezinto ezingaphili, umquba, amakhemikhali zasendlini kanye nabanye.

Kuzuze ilungu elisha ikakhulu kwakheka kwi enkulu umdlali Union - Russia nase, ngokusho kombiko kwezinye osomnotho, kungadla $ 5.2 wamabhiliyoni ekupheleni kwalo nyaka. Kumele wanezela ukuthi ngaphambi nje kuka ukubusa esemthethweni Armenia kuya EAEC, European Union usunike kwezigidi ezingu 77,5 euro.

I ibutho efika

Usuku lokugcina ephathini okuyinto ongene umfelandawonye, baba Kyrgyzstan, EAEC ekugcineni zamukele umdlali omusha ngo-May 29, ngokusho imibhalo esayiniwe. On ukubusa ngo-May 8 kulo nyaka, kusho umongameli elisanda kuqokwa we Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev. Enkulumweni yakhe, waphawula ukuthi zonke ukungabaza esavela ngaphambili, zisusiwe.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo umholi Kazakh wathi mayelana inhloso, okuyinto waveza izwe EAEC akunjalo kudala, ukuphothula isivumelwano ku free ukuhweba zone ne-Vietnam. Isithakazelo lesi sivumelwano, nabo bebekhona Turkey, Azerbaijan, India kanye Mongolia.

Economic Development Strategy

Nakuba kwaba elide ekudalweni kwendoda nowesifazane EAEC, ukuthi ivela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono - lingacaci yize kunjalo kakhulu. Ezamenyezelwa izici eziningana omuhle ukuhlanganiswa komnotho kazwelonke. Ikakhulukazi, izindleko yokugcina izimpahla kumele kungancipha ngenxa kakhulu ukunciphisa izindleko ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla ngaphakathi ezweni, kanye ukuzidayisa phesheya. Ukuthuthukiswa komnotho lamazwe ilungu kumele ibe ezingeni elifanayo, okuyokwenza umncintiswano "impilo yokuzinakekela". Okwamanje, njengoba izwe uyofinyelela ezingeni elifanayo, ayichazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kulindeleke ukuthi ukuncipha izindleko ngenxa ukuqedwa nemingcele yokuhwebelana kuzokhulisa umkhiqizo futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ukukhulisa iholo.

EAEC ikhulisa endaweni kanye nokukhula komnotho kuzoholela ukwanda ngokufunwa, ukholelwa ukuthi labo abanamathela Union, okuyinto, kuyobe ashukumise futhi ukukhuthaza amavolumu ukukhiqizwa zonke izinhlobo zezimpahla. Futhi ngenxa yalokho, inhlalakahle nezizwe zala Union, kufuze aragele phambili akhula minyaka yonke.

indlela ebucayini

Naphezu izinhloso limenyezelwe, kusho inyunyana khona Konke lokhu kwaqala izibopho ifomu engasindi. Ngakho, uhla ezincane esiningi igunya wasala ngokuba Eurasia Economic Commission futhi izinkantolo, okwakukhona ukugada nokulawula kuhambisana izivumelwano. Uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka iziqondiso ECE, impikiswano liya enkantolo indiza. Nokho, izinqumo yakhipha yinkantolo, kukhona sokweluleka emvelweni, futhi yebo isinqumo amaphuzu Eshubile zithathwa ezingeni uMkhandlu WoMbuso abaholi. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuze 2025, noma ngisho unomphela ukuhlehlisa isinqumo ukusungulwa the zezimali Umlawuli EAEC, kanye nokuphathwa olulodwa umzimba amandla ukuhweba.

emizimbeni lokuphatha

Ngaphakathi kohlaka EAEC abafanele emizimbeni ebusayo adaliwe elandela isibonelo EU: Supreme Eurasia Economic Council kanye Eurasia Economic Commission. Engxenyeni yokuqala anegunya kuhlanganisa nabaholi emazweni iqhaza kanye ondunankulu lezi uthi. Abaholi ngaphakathi Union ukuhlangabezana njalo ngonyaka okungenani kanye, izinhloko uhulumeni ukubutha, ngokuvamile kabili ngonyaka. Izinqumo zenziwa njalo yeningi, iyawabopha kuwo wonke amalungu enyunyana. Amandla VEES sihlanganisa incazelo kanye nokusungulwa ekhono kwezinye izinhlaka zeNhlangano Union.

ECE kuyinto isitho unomphela Union. amandla wakhe kuchazwa kulo mthetho-sisekelo we EAEC futhi lwenzelwe lula ukuhlanganiswa ngempumelelo emazweni ibe ezingokoqobo olulodwa kwezomnotho. ECE nakho okuye sidluliselwe kwekhono le CU Commission obabukhona ngaphambili. Phakathi kwabo, ezithile kwezomnotho, amandla, yemali, kufuduka inqubomgomo; nezindaba kanye tariff isiqondiso of monopolies zemvelo, imixhaso kanye namanye amazwe kanye nabanye abaningi. kwakhiwa ECE Ibhajethi ngeminikelo evela emalungwini Union.

ukuphendula I West

Inhlangano wasempumalanga umfelandawonye oqinile, yebo, akusho smile West. Futhi kwemibuso yaseYurophu nase-United States baye bazwakalisa ukukhathazeka kwabo nokuphikiswa noma yimiphi imizamo ukuhlanganisa ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, ngisho ngakho ngaphezulu ukwakheka efanayo. Umbuzo "EAEC - lokho, ngaphezu kwakho konke, kusukela iphuzu zezombusazwe umbono" ekuqaleni ebuzwa cishe zonke zezombusazwe ososayensi abantu abamelene nani.

I Ukunganeliseki categorical kakhulu ezikhishwa United States ukuthi ngemva kokumiswa Customs Union futhi ngobusuku bangaphambi izivumelwano EAEC ngokucacile ke njengoba imizamo waseRussia ukuba linqobe isikhala post-Soviet. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Ngokwe-American usosayensi wezombangazwe Zbigneva Bzhezinskogo, Russia wayesengaba ezweni onamandla futhi yakha inqubomgomo empumalanga kuphela uma inhlangano ne-Ukraine.

Amathemba lwemali olulodwa

I-Eurasia Union yasungulwa esanda kutholakala, Nokho, izinkinga kunazo ukuphokophela ahlale ukuhlanganiswa yemali kanye nezezimali, okubandakanya, ngokukhethekile, ukudalwa lwemali olulodwa, okuzokwenza ukuqinisa emakethe olulodwa phakathi wonke amazwe iqhaza. Kakade ngoMashi kulo nyaka, uVladimir Putin usiyale Central Bank kanye Lower House wePhalamende ukuthola ikhambi lalezi zinkinga ngokuhlanganyela amabhange amakhulu emazweni onke iqhaza kule nyunyana phambi 1 Septhemba nyaka.

Phakathi amagama lwemali entsha okuxoxwa "hit jackpot" (isikhathi umsuka Turkish, ushiya lapho eseneminyaka Golden zidlamlilo) kanye "Eurasia", okuyinto ephambana ne-euro. Ochwepheshe amazwana umbono bokusetshenziswa kwemali eyodwa, wazi ukuthi ukuhlanganiswa ngokugcwele akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwalo. Ngasekuqaleni Yaveza umbono yokudala olulodwa Eurasia Central Bank elandela isibonelo European Central Bank for eKazakhstan, eRussia kanye Belarus. Imibhalo ngemvume ku udaba sasitholakala kuyi 2025. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi simo geopolitical eziwohlokayo kungenzeka push, ngokukhethekile, uVladimir Putin ku isinyathelo esasizosheshisa, abahlaziyi bathi.

kwezepolitiki

Kwakuthi nje lapho thina Besakhuluma ukuhlanganiswa yemali ngaphakathi EAEC, ochwepheshe international zicaca nakakhulu ukuhlola Union ngokuya indiza luyingxenye zezombusazwe. Ochwepheshe bathi ukusheshisa inqubo e ukungathembani ephelele yanoma yiziphi zezimali lamazwe iqhaza - eyohlinzwa okuyingozi kakhulu futhi amathemba we EAEC kuphakamisa eminye imibuzo kulesi sigaba. Ukuqonda lokhu Yiqiniso, ukukholisa abalingani ukuze kuhlaliswe eMoscow, kodwa ngeke ukuphatha ukuze uthole ngokwakho eziningi amakhefu. Wonke amazwe, abahlaziyi bathi, zilungele ukusebenza ndawonye kuphela icala uma ungathola okuthile. Lezi zimiso liyombozwa ngezithukuthuku isabelomali Russian. Futhi ngenxa yokuthi i-isithakazelo ngokwedlulele inyunyana kubonakala ohlangothini isiRashiya, futhi kungase kube isikhundla sibuthaka kakhulu.