Amahlaya "Omncane." Izinhlamvu ze-Starodum: incazelo yeqhawe nesicatshulwa

I-Starodum ingenye yezinhlamvu eziyinhloko kumdlalo we-talented talent abaneminyaka eyi-18, Denis Fonvizin. Lo mlingisi waba yisibonelo sabantu kanye nesibonakaliso sokukhanya. Isithombe sakhe sichazwe ngokungazi nokuhaha kwamanye amaqhawe edlala "I-Minor." Incazelo ye-Starodum iyinhloko yalesi sihloko.

Amahlaya

Esikhathini sesiteji umdlalo wawuhlelwe okokuqala ngo-1782. Kodwa kuyathakazelisa kumbukeli wesimanje. Omunye wemisebenzi edumile kunazo zonke emhlabeni we drama yi-comedy "Nedorosl". Incazelo ye-Starodum iyisihloko esiyinhloko ekuhlaziyweni jikelele kobuciko bokudlala kuka-Fonvizin. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba siqhubekele ukutadisha lesi sithombe, kufanele sisho amagama ambalwa ngokubaluleka komsebenzi weklasi, ovusa ukusabela okufudumele ngisho naphakathi kwabameleli bekhulu lama-XXI.

Inani legama

Umkhiqizo "ongaqondakali" uzinikezele emiphumeleni yokuphila okungokwenyama nokungapheli. Incazelo ye-Starodum ichazwe ngokufushane ngezansi. Igama lalo mlingiswa, njengabanye abalingiswa ekudlaleni, lithwala umthwalo we-semantic. Leyo yizinkambiso zamahlaya ezindala. I-Starodum yindoda enombukiso wezwe omdala. Kulokhu, lesi sihloko sinombala omuhle. Ngosizo lwakhe, umbhali ukhomba isifiso seqhawe lakhe lokulandela izimiso zokubusa kukaPetru I.

Ama-prototype we-Starodum

Ukuba nomqondo ocacile walokho umuntu othembekile okufanele abe khona, nokuthi yiziphi izenzo zakhe okufanele zibe, i-Fonvizin yakha isithombe se-Starodum. Kwahlanganiswa nezimfanelo ezinhle zokuziphatha, ezazifuna abantu abaphakeme nabakhanyisiwe ingxenye yesibili yeshumi nesishiyagalombili leminyaka. Kodwa ingabe kwakukhona isibonelo esiphilayo-ekahle phakathi kwababhali bomhlahlandlela?

Abanye abagxeki bakholelwa ukuthi lo mlingisi u-Count II Panin - omunye wabantu abahamba phambili kakhulu ngesikhathi, ababa nengxenye ekhuthele ekunqandeni umkhawulo wezombusazwe. Le ndoda yayingumeluleki kaPaul I. Ingabe kukhona ukufana phakathi kwalowo muntu nomlingiswa omuhle we-comedy "The Minor"? Izici zenkomba ye-Starodum kuzici zobuntu bomunye, okungabonakali muntu owaziwa ngezenhlalo zekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Kukhona umbono wokuthi, lapho ethula umfanekiso we-Starodum emisebenzini yakhe, umbhali ubhekisele kwelinye lamanani amakhulu kakhulu e-Russian Lighting - Nikolai Novikov, intatheli, umshicileli kanye nomuntu obala. Noma kunjalo, incazelo ye-Starodum esuka kumdlalo we-"Minor" usenza sikwazi ukusho ukuthi lo mlingiswa ubonisa ukubonakaliswa kokuhlakanipha, umusa, ukwethembeka nokuhlonipha abantu.

Iqhaza ekuhlaleni

I-Starodum ibonakala kudlalwa esikhundleni sekwephuzile - ekupheleni kokuqala kokuqala. Akathathi isenzo esisebenzayo. Umsebenzi walo ukubeka ubulungiswa. Ngesikhathi sokubonakala kwakhe, ukuxabana komdlalo sekuvele kumakwe. Umsebenzi wakhe ukukhipha umshana kaProstakov oyisiwula kodwa ohlakaniphile. Le heroine ingumfanekiso ohlanganyelwe wabameleli ababi kunabo bonke abakudala. Uyazi kahle, unamandla kakhulu. Futhi kuye kunezimfanelo ezinjengekwesaba kanye nesimo sokucindezela, okuyinto, lapho ehlangene, imphendulela ibe yindoda enhle futhi enyanyekayo.

Ikhwalithi yayo enhle kuphela uthando olungenasiphelo kwendodana yakhe, okwamanje, enezinhlobo ezinjalo ezibucayi kangangokuthi liphenduka, kube yinto ebi kakhulu. Isithombe saleli heroine kanye nesici se-Starodum kusukela kumdlalo we-comedy "The Minor" uma kuqhathaniswa kwenzeke ukuthi baphethe ngokuthi lezi zinhlamvu zidala ukuphikisa.

I-Thinker

I-Starodum ayithathi noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo. Umsebenzi walo "womkhululi" usuke ubuthakathaka. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wenziwa nguMilon noPravdin. Kodwa-ke, uMalume Sophia uvela emsebenzini njengomhlobo wengqondo. Uveza imibono yezombusazwe, ubeka isimo sokuziphatha. Ngezinkulumo zakhe, kubonakala sengathi unikeza umfundi ithuba lokuba aqonde ukuthi kungani ubulungisa buqine futhi ububi bujeziswe.

Enye yezingqikithi eziyinkimbinkimbi emlandweni wezincwadi zaseRussia ukuchazwa kwe-Starodum kusukela kumculi "Omncane." Abamele isizukulwane esidala bajwayele izingcaphuno zalo mlingisi. Abafundi bamanje banomsebenzi (kanye nesistimu yezithombe kuwo) kuyisihloko esinzima. Ukuze ukwazi kahle, kubalulekile ukuba nomqondo wesimo sezenhlalakahle eRussia engxenyeni yesibili yekhulu le-18.

Isithutha

Izwe elinganiselwe nelincane elingokomoya labahlonishwayo lahlekwa ngendlela eqinile ngabalobi bamuva. Kokubili ukungazi nokungazi kwababameli balezi zindlela zokuxhumana zenhlalo kwakhulunywa nguGogol noSaltykov-Shchedrin. Omunye wabantu bokuqala uvele eveze emsebenzini wakhe ukungabaluleki komuntu nobuwula benduna yaseRussia uBenvizin - emsebenzini "Omncane."

Isici se-"Starodum", noma kunjalo, sisenza siphethe ngokuthi ukuxolisa kwabameleli bekilasi akunawo uhlamvu olujwayelekile. Umbhali uhlekisa isigaba esithile sezikhulu. I-Starodum yisekela likaPeter. Yena nabanye abanjengaye abaqapheli izinqubomgomo zikaCatherine II. Lolu hlelo lokukhanyisa, oluqhubayo, lubheka uhlobo oluphambene, olungavamile. Futhi ukugxeka kwayo okuyinhloko ukuthi uMpress wasuka emigomeni eyayiyisisekelo ekuphathweni kukaPetru I. Isikhundla sezombangazwe somdlali wezemidlalo singacaciswa ngokucabangela izindlela eziyinhloko ukuthi incazelo ye-Starodum evela kumdlalo we "The Minor" unayo. Ungabona izingcaphuno zalo mlingisi ngezansi. Yilezi zitatimende ezakha isithombe esibuciko sobuciko esibonisa umbono wezwe womlobi:

• "Izigaba ziqala, ubuqotho buphela ...".
• "Ngaphandle komphefumulo, owesifazane ohlakaniphile okhanyisiwe uyilwane elidabukisayo."
• "Ukuphila kungcono ukuhola ekhaya kunomunye umuntu ngaphambili."
• "Ngiyazi, ngiyazi ukuthi indoda ayikwazi ukuba yingelosi. Yebo, akudingeki ube nguveli. "
• "Ukuhlonipha! Ukuhlonipha okunye kufanele kube ukuthokoza kubantu - ngokomoya; Futhi yilabo kuphela abalingiswa hhayi ngemali kodwa kubahlonishwa abafanelanga ukuhlonishwa. "
• "Ngokungazi abantu, kuyaduduza kakhulu ukucabangela konke lokhu ngenxa yokungenangqondo, okungazi."
• "Wonke umuntu kufanele athole injabulo nezinzuzo zakhe kulowo osemthethweni."

Umphefumulo noma ingqondo

Isikhathi lapho i-comedy yenziwe khona igcwele umoya wokukhanyisa. Isidingo semfundo kanye nesimiso esifanele semfundo ngumqondo wehlaya "Nedorosl". Incazelo yeKhalenda Elidala ayikhawulelwanga kuphela kulezi zimfanelo ezifana nobuhlakani nokuhlakanipha. Kuyinto nomusa nesihe. Umuntu okhanyisiwe angaba mncane futhi omncane. Umuntu ongafundile ngokwanele uyakwazi ukwenza izenzo ezihlanzekile.

Uhlamvu oludala, oluhlanganisa izifiso zabamele abakwaRussia Ukukhanyisa, yi-Starodum ("iNedorosl"). Izici, izingcaphuno kanye nendima yalowo mlingisi, okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, ubuyekeze isithombe sesikhathi lapho i-playwright yaseRashiya ehlala khona, futhi mvumele aqonde ukuthi ubona kanjani umholi omuhle waseRussia.