Architecture YaseMoscow Kremlin. Umlando zendalo futhi incazelo eMoscow ezibiyele

Architecture YaseMoscow ezibiyele ikuvumela ukuba uthole umbono ophelele wendlela ekuqaleni Centre kwakhiwa inhlokodolobha Russian. The Ensemble yezakhiwo kuhlanganisa amathempeli, plaza, emakamelweni isakhiwo. Namuhla, bonke izinto, sibheke abeza nezivakashi kulo lonke elaseRussia kanye nabantu baphesheya.

ezibiyele Ukwakhiwa

Architecture YaseMoscow ezibiyele kwamiswa ekupheleni kwekhulu xv. kwemibhoshongo Main nezindonga ezakhiwa kule minyaka 1485-1495. yasetshenziselwa ngezitini ezibomvu, kanye itshe elimhlophe nodaka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amakhosi babengewona wafanelekela umsebenzi onjalo. Ngakho-ke, sasimema ongoti angaphandle. Ivan Iii waqasha for ukwakhiwa YaseMoscow ezibiyele abaklami evela e-Italiya.

Nokho, abanye kwemibhoshongo eyakhelwe emva zonke amakhosi Russian. Iqiniso lokuthi isimo sabo kuyinto okusikhumbuza izakhiwo isici lokhuni. Njengoba-ke kwaziwa kahle kuyilapho art wokubaza eRussia safinyelela ukuphelela yayo, wasiza yena izinto ezahlukene, futhi umsebenzi njalo kwakudingeka, njengoba ngezikhathi isikhathi imililo emikhulu wayibhubhisa yonke izakhiwo. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ukwakhiwa itshe eMoscow ezibiyele yayisetshenziswa.

Assumption Cathedral

Omunye izakhiwo eziyinhloko we Ensemble yezakhiwo - kweNyuka Cathedral. It lamiswao esizeni itshe lokuqala lombhishobhi e Moscow, ezakhiwe Ivanom Kalitoy engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu XIV. Architecture eMoscow ezibiyele ichaza lesi sakhiwo ngezindlela eziningi.

Cathedral wakhela e 1475. Ukuze isampula elathathwa kwesakhiwo senkolo ezifanayo uVladimir XII leminyaka. Ngakho, waphinda kugcizelelwe embili eMoscow ngenhlonipho uVladimir, owawuke kubhekwe elinye lamadolobha esemqoka eRussia.

Kuyo yonke le minyaka 400 olandelayo kwaba isonto main eRussia. It is ezihlalweni zobukhosi bethwele nemiqhele inkosi lababusi. Eyinhloko yokungena itholakala kusukela endaweni Cathedral. Indawo yokungena ethempelini eyinhloko YaseMoscow ezibiyele sengathi ukuqaphile uyingelosi eyinhloko uMikayeli, sibalo okuyinto eboniswe ngenhla lwaleli. Namanje ngaphezu Virgin Ingane.

I iconostasis, okuyinto namuhla singabona kweNyuka Cathedral, kuphelile abadwebi-zintathu Lavra St. uSergiyu phakathi kwekhulu XVII.

Phakathi neMpi Patriotic ka 1812, ngesikhathi ibhilidi YaseMoscow ezibiyele ezabekwa phansi yokuphangwa nokubhubhisa. Mina yayiphumula kanye Cathedral. Ingxenye ngempango kusukela French bese iphinde ithunjwe le Cossacks Russian.

Cathedral of the Annunciation

Architecture eMoscow ezibiyele ayikwazi wacabanga ngaphandle Cathedral of the Annunciation. Itholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga Cathedral Square. Yakhiwa ngasekupheleni xv leminyaka. Umsebenzi wenziwa Pskov okuyinhloko.

Phakathi nokubusa Ivana Groznogo isananyathiselwe kompheme ne umpheme eliphezulu itshe elimhlophe.

Leli thempeli YaseMoscow ezibiyele lakhiwa isiko ekuqaleni eMoscow izakhiwo. Namuhla, yasezindongeni nesithakazelo esikhulu Cathedral, eyabonakala ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVI. Okufanela esemqoka ye Artel abaculi, okwaholela uTheodosius nendodana yakhe noDiyonisiyu. Izindaba eziningi on isihloko Apocalypse. Ungase futhi ukuhlangabezana nezisusa wokuziphilisa. Ngokwesibonelo, izikhulu Russian kanye ababusi baseByzantium.

phansi abahlukile lombhishobhi. wabeka amathayili baKhe abakhethekile agatovidnoy nejaspi eziyigugu.

Cathedral of Ingelosi Eyinhloko

Lokhu lombhishobhi ezindongeni YaseMoscow ezibiyele wavela ekuqaleni kwekhulu XVI. It yamisa ngokuvakashela wezakhiwo Italian Aloisio entsha. Nokho, walandela emasikweni izakhiwo Russian. Izici Italian Renaissance abukwa kuphela umhlobiso ocebile wethempeli.

ukwakhiwa kwalo kwenziwa kusayithi kwakhiwe kuyo isonto lasendulo ukuthi Ivan Kalita esakhiwe ekhulwini XIV, kumemori yokukhululwa inhloko-dolobha umqedazwe yindlala. Kwakuthinta adiliza ngenxa yobunzima, ukukhulula isikhala ibandla ibe banzi.

Cathedral ethwele domes ezinhlanu. eyayibhalwe Central, icala langasezantsi libe nje zipendwe ngopende esiliva. Ngo isitayela Italian Renaissance, eyenziwe ezimhlophe itshe eliqoshwe inthanethi.

Phakathi nomsebenzi sikaNapoleon we dolobha ishede iwayini etholakala lapha. Phezu kwe-altare, amaFulentshi okuhleliwe ikhishi, zonke izinto eziyigugu iyophangwa.

Church of sebethule Robe

Kuyaphawuleka esontweni encane, ezakhiwe izingcweti Russian ngasekupheleni xv leminyaka. Umsolwa uvele esizeni i sebethule lokhuni ubudala esontweni Robe, elakhiwa emva amaTartar sebefulathele eMoscow.

Ngo 1451 Base besondela emzini, kodwa akaze ngishaye kuye, futhi esebohlile, ushiya konke ngempango. ISonto Lobu-Orthodox akuniké okungokwenkolo, bekholelwa isimangaliso. Eqinisweni, le AmaTatar zinhlanga ngenxa izingxabano zezombangazwe phakathi kweziphathimandla zempi.

Ibandla esisha buzilimaze umlilo ngo-1737. It ibuyiselwe umakhi Michurin.

Armoury

Chamber of Moscow ezibiyele namuhla Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kwezivakashi. Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala mayelana amagugu ukuthi Okwamanje Armoury ingatholakala 1339. Ngisho nasezikhathini Ivana Kality kumiswa ingcebo kwesikhulu. Phakathi kwabo kwakukhona imihlobiso, tableware, izitsha sesonto, izingubo zakwanokusho izikhali.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu xv, itholakala kwelinye izikhungo of yobuciko neyezandla Russian. Futhi lapha silethwa nezipho ezivela zamanxusa. Amaparele, nezitsha zokuphuza esiliva, ngokwesiko ihhashi amahanisi.

Ngu 1485 uMgcinimafa liye landa kangangokuthi kwanqunywa ukuba kwakhiwe ehlukile esinezitezi ezimbili ngetshe phakathi Annunciation futhi Ingelosi Eyinhloko Cathedral. Lalibizwa ngokuthi egcekeni olusemthethweni.

faceted Chamber

Faceted Chamber of Moscow ezibiyele - omunye izingxenye ezimbalwa esigodlweni, lapho ngasinda kusukela esikhathini Ivan III. Kwaba egumbini lakhe elikhulu sobukhosi. Lona endala civil isakhiwo itshe eMoscow.

ские мастера при помощи приглашенных итальянцев - Пьетро Солари и Марко Руффо. Yakhiwa eminyakeni 4 skie amakhosi Russian ngosizo amaNtaliyane abamenyiwe - Pietro solari futhi Marco Ruffo.

Chamber ikamelo square, lapho vaults cross, kusekelwa ikholomu maphakathi egumbini. Hall 9 amamitha esikhanyayo ngenxa amafasitela kahle akhiwe 18 futhi Chandeliers amane okukhulu. Le ndawo isamba Faceted Chamber of Moscow ezibiyele cishe 500 square metres.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVI, izindonga zawo zibe esontweni futhi izigcawu waseBhayibhelini. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka, kwaba lapha ukugubha izenzakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu emlandweni isimo Russian. Lapha kuthathwe zamanxusa kanye amathimba, wahlangana Zemsky Sobor. Njalo Faceted Chamber kugujwa ukunqoba izingalo Russian. Ngokwesibonelo, u-Ivan Grozny kugujwa ukuthunjwa Kazan, noPetru mina ukunqoba abaseSweden at Poltava.

Red Square

Red Square, eMoscow ezibiyele uvele ekhulwini xv. Namuhla-ke ingenye izimpawu nje kuphela enhlokodolobha, kodwa futhi izwe, ibhizinisi ikhadi layo.

Wakhe babeka Ivan Iii, owayala ukuthi lowo muntu adilize zonke izakhiwo lokhuni emhlabeni Kremlin. Njengoba zisongelwa sina ngomlilo. Le ndawo, ngomyalo wakhe, athathwa ngaphansi ukuhweba. Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni ngokuthi Red Square Ukuhweba. Nokho, akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside.

Kakade ekhulwini XVI, ke Yaphinde yaqanjwa ngokuthi i-zintathu. Ngenxa eseduze Holy Trinity Church. Kamuva endaweni yayo uvele Cathedral Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Ngokusho imibhalo, ekhulwini XVII, endaweni eyaziwa ngokuthi Fire. Kufanele kukhunjulwe toponymic isici esithakazelisayo Rus sidilizwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, into efanayo ngesikhathi esifanayo kungenzeka zibe namagama amaningana olusemthethweni.

Red Square owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi ngokusemthethweni njengoba ukubonwa ngekhulu XIX. Nakuba eminye yemibhalo yigama ezitholakala ekhulwini XVII. Okwakushiwo igama, ngokuvumelana isichazamazwi Vladimira Dalya, itholakala lokuthi okhokho elithi "okubomvu" sethu kwakusho nice, enhle kakhulu.

Kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka, isibonelo Red Square, ungakwazi ukulandelela kanjani eMoscow Kremlin. Ekhulwini xv kwabonakala odongeni ezibiyele nge imibhoshongo edumile - Senate Spasskaya futhi Nikolskaya. Ekhulwini XVI, St Vasiliya Blazhennogo futhi endaweni ngokubulawa. Ekhulwini XIX - Historical Museum, Upper Ukuhweba Imigqa, okuyinto manje esibizwa ngokuthi yi-gum, lesikhumbuzo ukuze Minin futhi Pozharsky. XX leminyaka iye alethwe Mausoleum Red Square kanye ezibiyele Wall Necropolis.

St Vasiliya Blazhennogo

Leli thempeli lakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu XVI. Bamakhela ke yokudumisa bamba Kazan amasosha Russian. Lesi sakhiwo isakhiwo grand zezinsika 9 okuyinto kunqoba elisezansi kuthiwa kuhlobene igalari. Sihlanganisa yokwakheka nensika ephakathi nendawo, okuyinto umqhele amatende nge cupola zokuhlobisa phezulu. Abantu abaningi ngokukhethekile ukuza eMoscow ukubona kuleli thempeli.

izinsika Eight azungeza itende main. Zonke ezinye isahluko sokugcina ngesimo ama.

On the ingxenye Spassky Tower ezimbili yompheme phezu ithala wethempeli. Kusuka lapho ungathola kuze cloister. Izivakashi nezakhamuzi yenhloko-dolobha zisekhona imibala umxhwele ethempelini, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kwenziwa emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Painted St Vasiliya Blazhennogo amakhosi kweqiniso. Babesebenzisa imibala yemvelo kuphela lihambisana itshe elimhlophe kanye ngezitini ezibomvu. Wale mithandazo, wenza ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane kakhulu. Umdwebo Bright yaqedwa ekhulwini XVII. Lapho kwakukhona anezelwa kamuva, base ukubeka umbhoshongo isikhencezo Chapel ithempeli enyakatho-mpumalanga. Ukuze zibe namagama abaklami wasinda kulolo abangu akha lesi sakhiwo zenkolo eyingqopha. Amagama abo Posnik futhi Barma.