Sivikelwe Kumiswa phezu izakhamuzi ehlatshwa nezingane ezincane. iziphathimandla sivikelwe

Sivikelwe Kumiswa phezu izakhamuzi ehlatshwa kuleli zwe. Nse njengoba esitokisini. Lezi imiqondo kokubili kuhlobene kakhulu. ERussia, abaningi ukudida sivikelwe. Kunoma ikuphi, lezi zinqubo zisiza ukuba baqikelele izakhamuzi abakhubazekile kanye nalabo abangakwazi ehlatshwa. Isikhathi esiningi kumayelana izingane. Izinto ukwazi sivikelwe? Indlela yokwenza omunye uhlobo ngaphambilini ezihlongozwayo umthwalo izakhamuzi? Uyini umehluko unikezwa imigomo nomunye? Konke lokhu kuyadingeka ukwazi ukuthi ukuqonda kahle umthetho wezwe.

Uhlaka lomthetho

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba baqonde lomthetho yalezi zinhlelo. Iqiniso lokuthi kukhona umthetho eRussia "ku sivikelwe futhi esitokisini". Ubhekisela amaphuzu asemqoka kanye namanye imithetho esebenza imiqondo le. Sikhuluma zoMthetho Federal № 48 24.04.2008 sangomhla konyaka.

Uma lokhu imidanti ngesikhathi ehlushwa izinguquko ezithile ngezikhathi ezithile. Hhayi abalulekile kakhulu, kodwa kwenzeka. Lokho kufanele sinake izakhamuzi abanentshisekelo ukunakekelwa noma ukugcina lokhu noma lowo muntu?

Izilawuli

Ngokwesibonelo, ngubani amandla kulezi zindawo. Kukhona okuthiwa iziphathimandla sivikelwe. Lena igunya lomphakathi kuleli zwe, okuyinto unomthwalo nezindaba ezihlobene inqubo lafundvwako manje. Isebenza ngesisekelo umthetho "Ngo esitokisini". Ngenxa izinguquko zesimanje e uhlaka sivikelwe futhi esitokisini Unelungelo lokudlulisa amandla abo ukuze iziphathimandla zendawo.

Yini amalungelo nezibopho babe lokhu ukumelwa kahle kwemandla embuso? Iningi labo, kodwa zabiwa ikakhulukazi izingane, abasala ngaphandle ukunakekelwa kwabazali. Futhi iziphathimandla sivikelwe kumelwe senze izithakazelo abantu kancane lokhonako engakwazi.

Imisebenzi esemqoka guardianship

Yini inhlangano okukhulunywe ngaphambilini? Kuyacaca ukuthi ejamele kwabantu abakhubazekile. Kodwa ziyini amalungelo etilongweni futhi sivikelwe? Hlobo luni Izinselelo ezibhekene omele idatha kwamandla?

Le nhlangano isebenza ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi. Ngokuvamile, sikhuluma izingane. Ngakho-ke, phakathi amacala ezinkulu, okwakuhilela iziphathimandla sivikelwe bungabonakala:

• nokuqapha ukuqaliswa ukusebenza kwe- amalungelo izingane;
• ukuvikelwa kwezingane;
• ekuxazululeni ingxabano eqhamuka phakathi kwabazali ku ekusebenziseni ukunakekelwa (ngokwesibonelo, lapho igama noma inqubo);
• ukuzivocavoca ukulawula impahla kwabancane.

Akukona konke amathuba esitokisini. It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko ehhovisi omele ukuvikela izithakazelo labantu ehlatshwa. Iziphathimandla sivikelwe zinengxenye yiziphi izingxabano, kuhlanganise impahla, uma kuziwa impahla noma ezithinta amalungelo izingane, ngezinye izikhathi ehlatshwa (ngokugcwele noma ngokwengxenye) izakhamuzi. Ngakho-ke, lokhu ehhovisi omele eRussia kucatshangwa ukuthi kubaluleke kakhulu. Yini enye inikeza umthetho "Ngo sivikelwe futhi esitokisini"? Iziphi izici sifaka?

Amalungelo zazishintsha zaba nemizimba sivikelwe futhi Trusteeship

Ohlinzekela amalungelo esitokisini futhi sivikelwe? Manje njengoba inhlangano enza izithakazelo ekhubazekile, khona-ke ovunyelwe ukuthatha noma yisiphi izinyathelo zokuzivikela. Ikakhulukazi:

• khetha izingane ezivela kunoma imuphi umuntu (ngisho abazali);
• ukuhlonza izingane ngubani beswela iyiphi sivikelwe;
• nokuhlola izimo zezingane ophilayo;
• uhlele izingane lisale esitokisini ezikhungweni ezikhethekile (umntwana amakhaya, amakhaya zezingane, nokunye);
• ukukhipha imicabango yabantu phezu kungenzeka / engenakwenzeka ukwenza njenge-trustee / abazali abakuthola / ababheki.

Ngokuvamile, amalungelo nemisebenzi lezi zindikimba Ziningi. Ministry of Social Development, nokuqashwa kanye Trusteeship - yindawo lapho izakhamuzi kumele afake isicelo sakhe ukutholwa kwezingane, kanye ekuxazululweni ngokuphathelene amalungelo nezifiso abakhubazekile. Yini enye kubalulekile ukwazi labantu?

Ukumaka - ke ...

Ngokwesibonelo, kunomahluko ocacile phakathi lokho sivikelwe. Phela, le miqondo emibili, nakuba efanayo Basaba umehluko othize. Ngakho, eziqikelela futhi abagcina akuyona amalungelo nezibopho efanayo.

Into yokuqala ukuthola ukuthi yini ukunakekelwa. ERussia, leli gama libizwa ukuma idivayisi zikhutshaziwe izakhamuzi, abangenathemba. "kokuqondisa". Kukhona esinye isici. Ukukhubazeka kufanele isungulwe enkantolo. Ukukhishwa - lena lapho sivikelwe kudingeka izingane ezincane. Futhi akukho okunye.

Njengomthetho, ukunakekelwa libhekisela idivayisi ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-14 ubudala. Noma abadala babhekwa njengabantu ezingasebenzi ngokuzwa enkantolo.

kwencazelo sivikelwe

Kuyini sivikelwe? Leli gama ngokuvamile kubonakala ezimpilweni zabantu. Sivikelwe Kumiswa phezu bayizakhamuzi batholile abaneminyaka engu-14. Kuyinto uhlobo izingane lisale ukunakekelwa kwabazali kanye nokuqondisa. Futhi, leli gama kungenziwa libhekene kuvikeleke amalungelo ezakhamizi abangekho kancane ekwaziyo. Okungukuthi esitokisini may, kanye esitokisini, efakwe noma ku izingane futhi abantu eziye zaphetha engu-18 ubudala.

Kuleli fomu device linabantu umsebenzi othile. Kuyinto ukuvikela abantu abangesiwona ukwazi ngokugcwele izenzo zabo ngokumelene izenzo ezingekho emthethweni kanye nokuxhashazwa bamazwe angaphandle. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi sivikelwe - inkululeko ethile ye-ward ngamalengiso, kwemvume umqaphi. Kodwa sivikelwe kudinga imvume esiyisibopho sivikelwe ku operation ethile. Ngokwesibonelo, nganoma yimuphi umsebenzi ne impahla.

amalungelo trustee

Manje kusobala ukuthi guardianship Kumiswa phezu abantu eziye zaphetha abaneminyaka engu-14. Futhi, lolu hlobo labantu iyunithi oluvelayo uma kuziwa izakhamuzi kancane ehlatshwa. Sivikelwe esifanayo siyasebenza izingane ezincane kanye nabantu abaye yikomiti yokwahlulela bancishwa amandla angokomthetho. Kuye kuthiwe ukuthi amalungelo ababheki futhi abaphathiswa zihlukile komunye nomunye. Kodwa luyini ngempela? Qala ukufunda ukuba iqembu lokuqala abantu. Okungukuthi - zineminyaka. Zingase noma kumele:

• ukwenza ukuthengiselana egameni lesigceme, ngaphandle kwalapho kunezimo lapho yona ngokwayo ezingasebenzi kufanele usebenzise isenzo (isibonelo, awukwazi incwadi yamafa);
• amangalele ezinkantolo we semthethweni yesivumelwano waphetha lesigceme;
• ukulungiselela bese uhambisa isicelo sokuqinisekisa zokukhokhelwa okuye kwenziwe ukuze kuzuze esigcemeni, ngoba kuzuzisa yena;
• babe nesibopho sokuphatha izenzo umuntu ehlatshwa (kuhlanganise izindlu).

Amakhono ngenhla nezibopho kukhona ababheki kuphela. Lezi abantu kufanele ngabe yikuphi bavikele izithakazelo ezigcemeni zabo. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezindabeni impahla.

Abaphathiswa can ...

Yini okunye okufanele banake? Iqiniso lokuthi nokuqashwa kanye Trusteeship kunikeza izakhamuzi abameleli zomthetho amathuba ezahlukene. Kuzo zonke izimo, izakhamuzi onekhono kufanele ukuvikela amalungelo kanye nezithakazelo ezigcemeni zabo. Kodwa ngokuqondile ukuthi avunyelwe usebenza? Ezinye nabanakekeli izici ekhethekile banikwa ngaphambili. Futhi kuthiwani-trustee? Balindeleke ukuba bakwazi noma bayakwazi:

• ukunikeza kwemvume yabo ebusweni lesigceme zokukhokhelwa ezithile;
• amangalele ku ukuqashelwa yeziboshwa engamahlongandlebe noma ingxenye uyakwazi umuntu izivumelwano ize;
• athwale osizayo okuthiwa ngokwezimali nesibopho izenzo ezenziwa Trust.

ERussia, akuzona zonke izakhamuzi kungaba nabanakekeli kanye nabanakekeli. Yini kufanele sinake, uma isakhamuzi unqume ukuthi baqikelele lokhu noma yimuphi omunye ukunakekelwa umuntu?

enqabelo

Okokuqala sidinga ukuthola ukuthi ngubani ongathi nguye ofanelwe ukuba umnakekeli noma umgcini walo mcebo. Enqabelo ababaningi, kulula ukukhumbula. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kwenzekani - ilungelo lokuhlala nezingane, esitokisini yabo noma ngabe umbuzo abantu abadala engakwazi. Kunoma ikuphi, akudingeki amalungelo esitokisini noma sivikelwe:

• kulabo abebengakashunyayezwa bancishwa amalungelo sabazali noma kubekelwe kubo;
• labantu abaphethwe lezi noma neminye imikhuba eluthayo (izidakamizwa, utshwala, ukugembula);
• umuntu, okuyinto imiswe okwesikhashana kusuka indima umnakekeli noma umphatheli;
• izakhamuzi nge irekhodi lobulelesi amacala ngokumelene nobukhulu, bangasephula kanye nenkululeko yobulili, ukuphepha komphakathi, bemikhaya nokuziphatha okuhle;
• abantu ngaphambili olahlwe yicala okuphula sina kanye sibi kakhulu;
• izakhamuzi abasesimweni bobulili obufanayo;
• Abantu abanezifo letivimbela ukuhlinzekwa esitokisini futhi sivikelwe.

Futhi abantu abanokukhubazeka 1 iqembu akudingeki yini ilungelo lokwenza kanjalo abaphatheli noma abalondolozi. Kaningi kwabona badinga ukunakekelwa ezithile. Azisekho eningi azikho imingcele. Zonke ezinye izigaba sabantu anelungelo senze indima kanye nabanakekeli futhi abaphathiswa. Ezinye izidingo abantu abaphakanyisiwe sanyukela ku-idatha noma kunjalo. Miphi? Yini okufanele I sinake?

izidingo

Ukuze baye bavunyelwa inikezwe ingane noma umuntu ehlatshwa (kuhlanganise sivikelwe), imithetho eziningana kufanele kuqashelwe. Imibuzo ukuthi ifakwa phambili yi-izicelo baqaphele ngandlela-thile isakhamuzi, lokhu okulandelayo:

• eza ubudala (ngo-emansipation ngempela engu-16);
• eyodwa kumele ibe nomthamo yomphakathi ikhandidethi egcwele;
• ukwahlulela akukho odlule liphinyiselwe by bokuhlukaniswa ilungelo lobuzali.

Yilokho kuphoqelekile ukuze babonwe. Okunye izici (isib, khona imali kanye nezindlu) kukhona yesibili. UMnyango sivikelwe ziyadingeka ukufunda ezihlukahlukene izici zokuphila kuleli nabanakekeli ikhandidethi (trustee), khona-ke isinqumo. Lokho kuzoxoxwa uma silinganisa?

izindlela kwethonya

Uma kuziwa ezinganeni, izidumbu sivikelwe nokunakekela kuyoba kalula kakhulu ekuxazululeni izimpikiswano ezihlobene ukuqokwa ababheki noma abaphatheli. Kukhona ezinye izici ezingaba nomthelela inkambo imicimbi. Sivikelwe izingane Kumiswa ikhumbula:

• ikhono kummeleli omqoka ehlatshwa anakekele futhi ugcine ingane;
• esungulwe ubuhlobo phakathi ezincane futhi nembangi trustee;
• Desire izingane - ubani bafuna ukubona eduze komunye nomunye;
• izimo, abangakwazi ukunikela abafundela nabanakekeli ophilayo;
• umndeni ubuhlobo umnakekeli wengane.

Njengoba umkhuba ubonisa, ngokuvamile ukudlala indima nokuzwelana okukhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ezincane maningi amathuba noma ehlatshwa ukunikeza we ukunakekelwa zobuhlengikazi kanye ugogo, hhayi ngokuphelele ongamazi.

amadokhumenti

Yini okudingeka sizithobe emizimbeni ye-Trusteeship futhi sivikelwe, uma ufuna baqikelele ingane noma ezinye ehlatshwa? ukhetho ezingase zivele kumele alethe nabo:

• okukhuluma;
• ikhadi elibonisa ukuthi ubuthiwe,
• isicelo esitokisini / sivikelwe;
• i akhiphe of akhawunti ikhaya ngokwezimali futhi siqu;
• idokhumenti zetayitela umhlabathi;
• sicashunwa endlini;
• isitatimende engenayo (i-ngonyaka odlule);
• Imibhalo ka kungekho nerekhodi lobugebengu;
• isivumelwano sokuqasha (uma izindawo efulethini aqashiwe);
• ubufakazi ekhaya (uma abukho ubufakazi yobunikazi kanye isivumelwano sokuqasha);
• Ihlahlubo yezokwelapha ku isimo sempilo (+ isitifiketi kusukela udokotela wenqondo);
• isitifiketi somshado (uma ekhona);
• imvume ebhalwe phansi amalungu omndeni esitokisini / guardianship isakhamuzi (ukubhala bonke abantu Usufike engu-10 ubudala);
• isitifiketi izikole esikhethekile ababheki / abanakekeli.

Yilokho. Zonke izinto zithunyelwe uzobe kwehlwaywe. Sivikelwe Kumiswa phezu ingane noma ehlatshwa isakhamuzi nazo zonke izici esishiwo ngaphambili. By the way, ngokuvakashela inkambo ababheki esizayo - uyisidingo. Ngaphandle kwayo, uthole emizimbeni imvume sivikelwe engenakwenzeka.