Umgogodla: izici kwesakhiwo, izinhlobo nemisebenzi

Emgogodleni kuyingxenye isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Emzimbeni womuntu ke unesibopho motor ikhaliphe futhi ukudluliswa kwe-nerve amaza phakathi kwezitho ubuchopho. umgogodla alisibekele, ekuvikeleni. Yiziphi izici umehluko abanalo?

isakhiwo

nemengamo vertebral yakha umgodi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-canal vertebral, futhi kwalo kungukuchotshozwa umgogodla kanye nezitsha futhi izinzwa izimpande. ingxenye yayo engenhla ixhunywe medulla (ikhanda kwesigaba), kanti phansi - ne periosteum yesibili vertebra coccygeal.

umgogodla libukeka umugqa elincanyana esimhlophe, ubude baso e indoda ifinyelela 40-45 amasentimitha, futhi ukwanda ukujiya kusuka phansi phezulu. Indawo yayo kancane ngilugweda. Siqukethe izingxenye abo ngamashumi omathathu anamnye zazo zitholakala yebhangqa emsipheni izimpande.

Emgogodleni embozwe amagobolondo ngaphandle. Ngaphakathi iqukethe ndaba grey nomhlophe, isilinganiso sabo kuyahlukahluka ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. I grey ndaba has ukuma uvemvane, kukhona ezinzwa cell imizimba kanye nomgudu walo yakhiwa esiqinile white, okuyinto ahlelwe at emaphethelweni.

Isiteshi isikhungo itholakala grey ndaba. It igcwalisa cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), okuyinto ngokuqhubekayo lalikhona ubuchopho nomgogodla. Kubantu abadala, lokhu kukuwe ivolumu 270 namamililitha. CSF akhiqizwa ventricles zobuchopho futhi ulwazi olusha izikhathi 4 ngosuku.

emgogodleni

Three igobolondo: kanzima, arachnoid ezithambile - ukumboza kokubili ikhanda futhi emgogodleni. Zenza imisebenzi ezimbili eziyinhloko. Avikelayo kuvimbela umthelela ongemuhle isinyathelo mechanical ebuchosheni. umsebenzi trophic ihlobene ukulawulwa cerebral ukugeleza kwegazi, sibonga owenziwa umzimba ezicutshini.

umgogodla yakhiwa zezinzwa izicubu amaseli. Ngaphandle kukhona igobolondo kanzima, ngaphansi arachnoid futhi ezithambile. Ababona eduze komunye nomunye uvalwe. It has subdural futhi phakathi isikhala subarachnoid. Ukuze yomgogodla bona unamathisele amapuleti nemisipha, okuyinto ukuvimbela ukunwebeka zobuchopho.

Igobolondo akhiwa ekuqaleni lwenyanga yesibili wokukhula kwengane esiswini. Kumiswa ezicutshini is e neural tube futhi basakaza ukuhamba ngayo. Kamuva izicubu amaseli ahlukaniswe ukwakha udonga lwangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi. Emva kwesikhashana igobolondo kwangaphakathi sehlukaniswe esithambile futhi arachnoid.

igobolondo kanzima

Udonga lwangaphandle siqukethe izingqimba kanzima phezulu kanye phansi. It has a ebusweni anolaka lapho athambekele sebuningini ezitsheni. Ngokungafani igobolondo efanayo ebuchosheni, kungaqali Abut uvalwe ebondeni umsele vertebral futhi wahlukana nabo nge plexus emithambo yegazi, okunamafutha izicubu.

Igobolondo onzima emgogodleni kuyinto izicubu obukhulu fibrous ekhaliphile. It umboza ubuchopho ngesimo i ijamo side cylindrical isikhwama. Ukumboza amaseli (endothelium) ngenhla tifaka ekhatsi ephansi ambozwe ungqimba.

It ufingqa ISIZINDA nezinzwa, ukwakha umgodi okuyinto ukwandisa, esondela foramen intervertebral. Eduze igobolondo ikhanda ixhunywe ithambo occipital. It unciphise phansi yezinhlamvu mncane, iyiphi unamathele coccyx.

Igazi sidlula imithambo kuya igobolondo exhunywe kwi-aorta thoracic futhi besisu. igazi emithambo yegazi engena plexus emithambo yegazi. Igobolondo iqinile e umsele umgogodla esebenzisa izinqubo foramen intervertebral futhi tufts fibrous.

arachnoid

Slot emise isikhala nge inani elikhulu yokuxhuma imishayo uhlukanisa okuqinile kanye ulwelwesi arachnoid we nomgogodla. Lesi sakamuva ine uhlobo ishidi elincanyana, kuba esobala futhi iqukethe fibroblasts (izicubu Imicu yotshani zezinzwa ukuthi synthesize matrix extracellular).

ulwelwesi Arachnoid ka emgogodleni zihambisana glia - amaseli ukunikeza ukudluliselwa nerve amaza. Iqukethe akukho imithambo yegazi. Kusukela arachnoid ehlukana izinqubo, trabeculae filamentous, ihlanganisa igobolondo ezithambile elandelayo.

Ngaphansi isembozo elise isikhala subarachnoid. Ngaphakathi liqukethe i-cerebrospinal fluid. It wawanda Ezansi emgogodleni, e-sacrum futhi coccyx. Endaweni entanyeni elise phakathi ahlula ezithambile ulwelwesi arachnoid. Septum futhi igiya isixhumanisi phakathi ubuchopho ezinzwa izimpande ilungiswe isikhundla esisodwa, hhayi limazise ukuhambisa.

igobolondo ezithambile

igobolondo Inner uthambile. It umboza emgogodleni. Kuqhathaniswa isakhiwo esifanayo ebuchosheni, kubhekwa okuhlala isikhathi eside futhi obukhulu. igobolondo Soft of emgogodleni siqukethe izicubu okubi, okuyinto laligcwele amaseli endothelial.

It has izingqimba ezimbili mncane phakathi lapho kukhona izitsha eziningi igazi. On the ungqimba phezulu, anemidwebo ipuleti mncane noma ishidi kukhona nemisipha dentate letiveta igobolondo. Ukuze ingxenye engaphakathi ulwelwesi eduze lamaseli glial ixhunyiwe ngqo emgogodleni. Igobolondo yakha emgodleni ngoba umfula futhi nalo lingena singene ubuchopho kanye grey ndaba.

igobolondo Soft likhona kuphela ezincelisayo. Okunye ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo eliwumhlaba (tetrapods) babe ezimbili kuphela - eqinile futhi yangaphakathi. Ngokuhamba ukuziphendukela kwemvelo igobolondo engaphakathi ezincelisayo lahlukaniswa kuwebhu futhi ezithambile.

isiphetho

Emgogodleni ihlobene isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko yezilwane ezinomgogodla, kuhlanganise nabantu. It wenza umsebenzi we reflex kanye introducer. Eyokuqala esitho ikhaliphe obhekene - .. Of flexion nokwelulwa, Flick, njll Umsebenzi yesibili ku conduction Izinzwa amaza phakathi kwezitho ubuchopho.

igobolondo okuqinile, arachnoid ezithambile umboza emgogodleni kusukela ngaphandle. Zenza zokuzivikela futhi trophic (yokudla okunempilo) umsebenzi. Amagobolondo kwakhiwa zezinzwa izicubu amaseli. Basuke ahlukaniswe ngezikhala phakathi kwabo zazo zigcwele yotshwala - ketshezi afundwa emgogodleni kanye nobuchopho. A bezinhlamvu exhunywe phakathi imicu emihle nezinqubo.