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Lapho kwaba nempi ye-Kulikov, futhi siyini nenani eliphansi?

Kukhona imicimbi, walahleka bagibele umlando, abanye - kunalokho, ukhombise impilo futhi okunenjongo, ogama inkumbulo alupholi iminyaka ngeminyaka, futhi ukubaluleka elahlekile, kunjengokungathi futhi lokhu akafani eziningi. Umbhali "Zadonshchina" umsebenzi wokubhala, yalotshwa ngokushesha nje ngemva kwezenzakalo ngesikhathi Kulikovo ensimini, uthi inkazimulo lokhu kunqoba okudlange emhlabeni wonke eConstantinople, nezikhulu beza ukuba adumise bevela kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ngoba eye wahlasela Tartar ibutho. Kubaluleke kangakanani-ke kumele wazi zonke Russian futhi qiniseka, lapho kwaba nempi ye-Kulikov, yini incazelo yalo nokulisebenzisa ukubaluleka.

kwehlukana izinduna buthaka ukuvikela izwe, owawungumnyaka isizathu esiyinhloko ukusungulwa eRussia ejokeni Tatar-Mongol eminyakeni 1237-1240. Lapho kwaba nempi ye-Kulikov, kwehlukana ayikapheli ngokuphelele, kodwa ukuthambekela centripetal kwabonakala kakade. Moscow rose kakhulu, ayezosebenza njengabaqondisi isikhungo ngokomoya nezombusazwe principalities esenyakatho ye-mpumalanga. Ngo-Golden zidlamlilo, kunalokho, kwaba nenkathi ka emzabalazweni. Nokho, umkhankaso kuhlelwe entsha Temnik Mamay abhubhisayo Russia. Lapho bezwa ngalokhu, eMoscow Prince uDmitry Ivanovich ngokuxhamazela ihlela ukuzivikela, bese uhlela ukuhlangabezana amasosha-Mongolian ukugwema ukunqotshwa ezweni lakhe. Uthumele incwadi ezikhulwini isiRashiya, Dmitry Donskoy (igama uyakwamukeliswa ngemuva kokuwina) esimisiwe ebuthana Kolomna. Cishe zonke izikhulu zakwa-North-Eastern Russia wathumela emashalofini yayo. I impi ehlangene, ehlanganisa cishe amabutho ayizinkulungwane 50-60, waphuma ukumhlangabeza isitha. Mamay, ukubhekana yilokhu kushintsha kwezinto, kwamzuma.

Amabutho ababili bahlangana loMfula Don, lapho agelezela Nepryadva inflow ku Kulikovo Field. izindimbane Mamayev aphakeme ibutho Russian e izinombolo, futhi wayeqiniseka ukuthi siyonqoba. Kodwa ngo-September 8, 1380, lapho kwaba nempi ye-Kulikov, izikhali Russian iwine okokuqala, e amandla anjalo ubanzi, uzowanqoba amaMongol AmaTatar. Phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, walondoloza abantu inkumbulo isithombe heroes isiRashiya, monk Alexander Peresvet, impi yaqala ngalolo suku Tartar iqhawe Chelubey futhi wafa empini. Dmitri Ivanovich hhayi siphoselwe ngesikhathi esisodwa amabutho uhame kokushiya Abaqamekeli ibutho eduze kwama-oki. Allowance ngaphansi Dmitry naseVolyn, ngesikhathi ukuba zihlanganyele empini, empeleni, wanquma umphumela impi. Ukhathele amasosha Tatar, kakade uzizwa ukunqoba, asizange sisinde ukumelana amabutho amasha Russian babaleka. Enkundleni yempi, kungadala kwesigamu ibutho uDmitry Ivanovich.

Ngeshwa, ngesikhathi lapho kwakukhona impi ye Kulikov, akuphelelanga ijoka Mongol-Tatar, ababusi Russian baphoqeleka emva 1382 ukuze uqhube ekukhokhweni intela kwabase-zidlamlilo ngenxa yomkhankaso ocindezelayo Khan Tokhtamysh, kodwa lokhu akusho kunganciphisa ukubaluleka feat izikhali enkundleni ka Kulikovo. Umzabalazo ngokuhlanganyela wahlanganisa abantu Russian nomthelela ubunye ababusi North-Eastern eholwa eMoscow, wanika esinokwethenjelwa ukukhululwa ngokushesha.

Emashumini eminyaka amuva, ukuthandwa izincwadi zokuthenga ku le falsification yomlando bese siyafundwa bebheke "iqiniso komlando" imicimbi ehlukahlukene, kuhlanganise Battle of Kulikov. Njalo kwaba lempi ngakho-ngakho, umcimbi ongabalulekile, akazange yena phezu Don, futhi, kubonakala sengathi, eMoscow, nonina - yisisulu sonya iSikhulu eMoscow, futhi ukunqotshwa ukucaciseleka like. Kuthiwa imibhalo eminingi ye-mlando bajoyine mpikiswano nge abamaphephandaba ezinjalo, okuchitha izingxabano zawo ngamaqiniso nabantu ngendlela engenakuphikiswa.

Singavuma ukuthi ekupheleni kwekhulu le-14 - kunjalo nalowo owawuzwakala ezinsukwini ezadlula, kakhulu kwendaba isibe uhlamvu ziyaphawuleka, futhi lokhu kungokwemvelo. Kodwa umcimbi main uhlala ingashintshiwe, indawo kanye nesikhathi amaqiniso, nokubaluleka okungokomlando ayikwazi yashintshwa. A mbumbulu mlando, wayencisha isimo Russian futhi amaqhawe ukunqoba ekuphishekeleni ukuzwa, imiphi imigomo yona? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi laliyini, ke kubukela uhlaka zomlando ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe isimo oqinile.

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