Kwenzenjani? Kuyinto isakhiwo athomu ngalinye?

Matter - okuqukethwe yobuthina. Kuyinto iqiniso inhloso, igcwalisa esikhaleni futhi ingxenye eyinhloko zonke izakhi abaphilayo-non-eziphilayo. eyala ezimbili ezibonakala akuhambisani, ezifana nesayensi nefilosofi bavumelana entweni inye kuphela - ukuthi ndaba wenza indima enkulu empilweni lo micro- kanye macrocosm. Kwenzenjani elisizungezile futhi senziwe zazo? Kungani u-Esteri azifaka enjalo Umumo lingalingani, eziningi zazo eziye ngisho asembulele yona? Ake sizame ukuqonda lokhu kancane.

Njengoba leli gama Kuyaqondakala ngemadoda ayethembele?

Iqiniso wukuthi, futhi kanjani it is ihluka kakhulu eshintsha izinhlobo zawo, abantu baqala ukucabanga ukuthi ngisho kusukela endulo. Ngaleyo minyaka kwakungekho nangezibonakhulu kanye izibonakude, ngisho zefilosofi ezihlakaniphe ayikwazanga ufunde kabi noma isiphi isitho womuntu noma ipulangwe, bacibishela okuyinto phansi esihlalweni, ezingeni le-athomu. Nokho, Ongoti Antique ngazi kahle ukuthi isikhala-time ezifana nokuziphatha lwazo zonke izinto kulo. Kuyinto ba abenze nencazelo ifinyelele izinsuku zethu. Icala libe selihlehliselwa ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: izinto bagcwalise isikhala, kanye nemicimbi - isikhathi. Ngenxa intuthuko njalo zinyanga zonke izinto futhi izinto eziphilayo angashintsha ezakheke ngayo. Umuntu engazalwa, baguge futhi bafe, isihlahla crumbled, metal egqwalile. Ngekhulu le-17 se-physics leminyaka Leibniz sezibalo lichazwa ngokuthi lodaba, okuyinto inquma izakhiwo space kanye nesikhathi. Kamuva imisebenzi yakhe uvele theory ka-Einstein ye kwezinto.

Ukubheka okuthile ngesibonakhulu

Uma siphendukela usizo yokukhanya yemvelo, abanye ngawawo angabona, ukuthi izinto zenziwe ngama-athomu. Lena incazelo elula kweThemu le, esingeyena rebuttals futhi akudingi ubufakazi obengeziwe. Atoms zibizwa ngokuthi kuyizinhlayiyana emincane kunayo yonke obusizungezile, futhi singazijabulisi thina. Isakhiwo ngasinye wabo ezifanayo. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo e-athomu isici kulo mhlaba wethu ngamunye, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-methane amafu emkhathini Jupiter noma inja isibindi, okubhalwe ulwazi mayelana izakhiwo into yenethiwekhi. Atom siqukethe i-nucleus, okuyinto njalo kahle icala, futhi ama-electron. Lapho empeleni isibalo proton ne-electron eqondana inikezwe kuyizinhlayiyana iba kokungathathi hlangothi ngokombono kwenkokhiso kagesi. Uma yakhoibrium kuyaphazamiseka ke athomu is kuguquka i ion ukuthi has a icala emihle noma emibi.

Kuleso nokuhumushela olimini ama-athomu?

Kusukela leli qoqo athomu amabili noma ngaphezulu kwe-molecule Kumiswa. Ngaphezu kwakhe ku-medium isitoreji iqukethe ingxenye enkulu ye-ejenti elihlangana. Siyabonga kuye, amangqamuzana labo abazokwazi ukwakha yona kanye indaba ngawo. compounds okunjalo ukudlulisa ulwazi kusuka kuma-atom ezahlukene kwesinye futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukudala nemiyo nolimi. Into ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi amangqamuzana angaqoqwa ekuqaleni yezingxenye ezahlukene. Isibonelo okuphawuleka kakhulu lapha ngeke ukudicilela: it has a-hydrogen ne-oksijini kumaphesenti athile. Ngakho, ukuze baqonde ukuthi yini eyenza le ndaba, sidinga ukuhlola kuphela izakhi etafuleni gqwa uwathole ezintweni ezithile ezisizungezile.

Lokho esikubonayo ngeso lenyama?

Badedisele kwesibonakude, sathola ulwazi oluthile, sibona ukuthi into eyenziwe ndaba. Ngenxa isakhiwo ayo, okungase kubhekwe ngokusebenzisa yokukhanya, kungaba omunye ezine zithi wokuhlanganisa: gaseous, uketshezi, okuqinile ne-plasma. Izifiso zakhe zokuqala ezintathu zazo, singayeka kalula ukucabanga ngesibonelo amanzi afanayo lapho, ngokuba uketshezi, kungase jikisa ice noma igesi. Ezinye nezinye izakhi angase aziphilele kuphela kwesinye salezi ezifundeni ezine. Sijule nefilosofi lasendulo, akunakwenzeka ukudweba isifaniso izakhi ezine. I zo lalihlukene phakathi kwabo, amanzi, umhlaba, umoya nomlilo. Kusobala ukuthi i-plasma, esatholakala muva nje, it ihambelana ilangabi.

Lokho likhipha iyiphi into?

Labo zinikwa physics esikoleni, siyazi ukuthi ndaba wenziwe amandla nse kusukela into. Atoms ngokwabo nezinhlayiyana zazo ezincane ezihambayo zingashayisani Amasimu akhipha nge amaza ngabanye. Basuke ibe kagesi kanye quantum ensimini okudonsa ngokuvumelana izici ikakhulukazi ama-athomu izidakamizwa. Njengoba lokhu ukuxhumana kanye emisebeni eyingozi kuba sezingeni yonke indawo, futhi lokho emzimbeni womuntu, futhi benganelisekile, futhi black imbobo, yonke impahla yethu egcwele amandla. into ngayinye ine ensimini ngabanye, okuyinto ine impahla ethile. It kuvela ukuthi amandla ezingeni sihlanganyela ukwaziswa ukuthi ngokungazi azibonayo inqubo.

Yini embi ngalo

Thina kafushane kubhekwe, lokho siqukethe ndaba nalokho izinkambu ungaba. Manje cabangela lesi sici njengoba matter emnyama. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi yakhiwa 85% yonke. esimnyama akusho bungakhiphi yimuphi amasimu ukuthi akudingeki amandla awo siqu, kodwa kuvela amandla. Ngenxa yokuthi ukholelwa ngokuqinile ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuba silungise amagagasi kagesi lovela esimnyama, asikwazi ukubamba futhi baqonde isimo sawo. Mhlawumbe, kuba imfihlo yokudalwa kwendawo yonke futhi sonke engxenyeni Imfihlo antiparticles.