Iqiniso langempela

Umuntu ubona umhlaba ngokuzithobayo, ngosizo lwamazwi akhe, okuyinto ngezinye izikhathi ezikhohlisayo. Kubonakala kithi ukuthi indawo yomhlaba iyisithambile, yona ngokwayo iyama, futhi i-Sun ijikeleze umhlaba. Kodwa ulwazi oluthole esikoleni lusasitshela okuhlukile. I-Sun 'ayivuki futhi ibeke', kodwa uMhlaba ujikeleza eduze kwe-axis yayo, okudala ukukhohlisa kokuphuma kwelanga nokushona kwelanga. Ukuphuma kwelanga nokushona kwelanga kuyinto engokoqobo eyenziwa yi-subjectively.

Amafilosofi (abathintekayo ngokwezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nezinhloso ezihlukile , ngokungafani nama-idealists abathintekayo) basichazela ukuthi izwe likhona ngaphandle kokuqonda kwendaba ukuyiqonda.

Iqiniso elihlosiwe lokuthola izinto ezibonakalayo kuyinto ethile, indlela ethile esebenza ngokwayo ngokuhambisana nemithetho yemvelo. Abameleli be-agnosticism bakholelwa ukuthi kuyinhloko engaziwa. Abathandi bezinto ezibonakalayo bakholelwa ukuthi izwe liyaqaphela, kodwa le nqubo ayinakuphela ekufinyeleleni kwayo eqinisweni. Futhi kuphela ama- subjective idealists (solipsists) abonisa ukuthi lokho okuyiqiniso akukhona neze, kodwa kuyinkimbinkimbi yokuzwa kwethu, imicabango, imibono yezwe. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso leqiniso, ngokubona kwabo.

Ukuyiqiniso nokuyiqiniso kuyizinto eziqondiswayo, kepha zihlukile ngokusho.

Okuyiqiniso (ekuhunyushweni okuvela kwisiLatini - "kwangempela", "impahla") into ekhona ngokuzimela kwendaba, ingenzeka futhi ingokoqobo.

Isigaba sobuqiniso sibonisa isici sokunyakaza okuqhubekayo, ushintsho oluqhubekayo. Iqiniso liwukuthi uyasebenza. Ngalendlela leqiniso lemibono lembula.

Ku-Aristotle, imibono ye-energeia ("amandla") ne-entelechia ("ukuphelela", "ukuqaphela") iseduze ngokwanele, okungukuthi, uma senza kube lula ukwenza izinto zayo eziyinkimbinkimbi, singabona ukuthi kuletha ukuqala kanye nokunyakaza ndawonye. Umbono womhlaba ngokusebenzisa amandla, ukunyakaza, singathola kufilosofi yesiGreki yesiGreki, ezimisweni zobuProthestani, ku-Hegelian dialectics, nakuzo zonke izinto ezenzekayo. Isafilosofi saseJalimane M. Eckhart wethula umqondo wirklichkeit ("ngokoqobo") njengenguqulo evela kululwimi lwesiLatin - esebenza kahle. Qaphela ukuthi ngesiJalimane, njengesiRashiya, isigaba sangempela sinezakhi zesenzo, ngesiLatini nesiGreki siyaguquka ngeqiniso, futhi ngesiNgisi nangesiFulentshi - ngeqiniso. Uma sicabangela ukungokoqobo kwezenhlalakahle, khona-ke ingxenye yesenzo lapho ivela khona ibaluleke kakhulu futhi ibalulekile, njengoba yakhiwe futhi yakhiwe ngabantu.

Ukwenyama komzimba kuyisimo esichaza isisekelo esiyinhloko semfundiso yesayensi yemvelo. Lesi simiso esiyisisekelo singabhalwa futhi sihlungwe ngendlela ehlukahlukene, esethulwa emazingeni ahlukene wenqubo yokuqaphela. Leli gama elithi "ngokoqobo ngokomzimba" lakhiwa u-Albert Einstein. Lesi sigaba, ngakolunye uhlangothi, sixhunyaniswe nokuqukethwe komqondo "weqiniso lomgomo", lapho ososayensi baqonda khona umhlaba wezwe, nangakolunye uhlangothi ngezigaba zendaba kanye nenhloso yokuqashelwa.

Ngenxa yalokho, iqiniso langempela linganqunywa ezingeni lokubheka nokuhlola. Isibonelo, njenge-manifestation yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-microworld ku-macroobjects, engabhaliswe ngezitho ezizwakalayo zokuhlola namadivayisi akhethekile. Ngemuva kwalokho, lokhu okubonakalayo ngokomzimba kubhekwa emazingeni ahlukene okubonakaliswa kwayo - emaciniswaneni nemfundiso. Ukuzibonakalisa ngokomzimba ezingeni lobuciko kungamelwa yi-generalizations ethile, ukuhlelwa kwedatha, kanye nokuhlelwa kabusha kwemiphumela yemiphumela ngesimo semiqondo kanye nemodeli yeqiniso engaphenywa.