Ithiyori Yokuxhumana

Inkolelo yokukhulumisana iyisiyalo sesayensi mayelana nenqubo yomphakathi yokuxhumana ehambisana nazo zonke izinqubo zokuphila komuntu ngokukhethekile kanye nokuphila komphakathi ngokujwayelekile. Inqubo yokuxhumana nemiphumela yayo inegama elifanayo.

Inkolelo yokukhulumisana iphathwa ngokuhlukile emibhalweni yososayensi owaziwayo.

Ngakho uMnuz. S. Andrianov waqonda ngalokhu isici semantic yokuxhumana emphakathini. I-IP Yakovlev yayikholelwa ukuthi inkolelo yokukhulumisana isayensi ehlola ukubaluleka kokuxhumana emphakathini, isakhiwo sayo, intuthuko, izindlela, izinqubo kanye nezinye izici. USillars noBaxter bacabanga ukuthi kuyindlela yokwakha nokugcina ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu. S. V. Borisovna, inkolelo yokukhulumisana yayizwakala njengendlela yokudlulisa ulwazi ngokusebenzisa iziteshi ezihlukahlukene, kanye nokubona kwayo, okuyinto isimo somphakathi futhi kwenzeka ngendlela yokukhulumisana phakathi kwabantu abathile kanye nezixuku ngosizo lwezindlela ezithile.

I-SVBorisnev efanayo yahlukanisa izinhlobo eziningi zokukhulumisana, okwakhiwa ngenqubo yokuthuthukiswa komlando .

Okokuqala, kuyisibonelo sikaG. Lassuela. Kuyinto yobudala, iqukethe izakhi ezinhlanu ezihilelekile inqubo yokuxhumana:

• Ukukhulumisana, okungukuthi, lowo othumela umlayezo;
• Umyalezo, okungukuthi, isihloko sokudluliswa;
• Isiteshi, okungukuthi, indlela yokusebenzisa lokhu kuthunyelwa;
• Abalaleli, okungukuthi, isiqondiso somlayezo kumuntu othize noma abantu abaningana;
• Umphumela, okungukuthi, ukusebenza kahle komyalezo osakazwayo.

Imodeli yezenhlalo nezengqondo kaT. Newcombo. Kubizwa nangokuthi ukusebenzisana. Lo mzekelo ucabangela ubuhlobo phakathi kwabahlanganyeli ngokwabo kanye nobuhlobo babo nendaba exoxwa ngayo. Uthi ngokuqondene nokungahambi kahle kobudlelwane phakathi kwabantu, abahlanganyeli ekukhulumisaneni bazozama ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubudlelwane babo nento exoxwa ngayo iyahambisana. Uma ubuhlobo phakathi kwezihloko zokuxhumana akuhambisani, isimo sabo sengqondo esixoxweni sizohluka. Abasekeli balesi simodeli akubheki njengento evamile esimweni esinjalo uma, uma kwenzeka ukuhlukana okucacile phakathi kwabahlanganyeli engxoxweni, ubudlelwane babo buhambisana nendaba yokuxoxisana.

Umdwebo womsindo kaK. Shannon - W. Weaver. Ihluke kumodeli we-classical neyodwa into eyengeziwe - umsindo, noma ukuphazanyiswa, okuvimbela inqubo yokuxhumana. Uma kunokuphazanyiswa esiteshini nokudluliselwa, kunezingoma zobuchwepheshe. Ukuphazamiseka kokubaluleka komlayezo ohanjisiwe kuwumsindo we-semantic.

Isibonelo se-Factor G. Malecki. Ngenye yezinto ezihlukahlukene zendlela yokugcina kanye nokufakwa kwezici ezengeziwe ezakha umongo wenqubo yokuxhumana futhi zithinte izihloko zayo.

Imodeli evaliwe K. Osgood no-V. Shramm. Ubheka lowo othumela umyalezo nomuntu owamukelayo, njengabalingani abalinganayo.

Imodeli yombhalo we-A. Pyatigorsky ngaphansi kokuxhumana iqondakala ngokuxhumana nabanye futhi ngokwayo ngokusebenzisa imiyalezo ngokubhala.

U-R. Jacobson uphakamise indlela yokukhulumisana lapho ukukhulumisana kuqondwa khona njengomcimbi wokukhuluma. Indima eyinhloko kuloku kungokwalulimi, hhayi ulwazi (ngokuphambene nomfanekiso we-Shannon).

Izinto eziyinhloko zokuziphendulela kwezingxoxo zibhekwa ezincwadini eziningi ezihloselwe abafundi okutadisha imiphakathi, i-psychology, umthetho, isayensi yezombangazwe nezinye izayensi ezihlobene nezici ezihlukahlukene zokuphila komphakathi. Imibuzo yokuxhumana emphakathini ifakwe kahle emisebenzini kaSV Borisov, MS Andrianov, OA Gulevich, IP Yakovlev, uP. Vatslavik nabanye ososayensi. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-"Theory of Communication" kaG. Pocheptsov, eyanyatheliswa ngo-2001, iyaqhubeka iphinde ishicilelwe, ngoba isithakazelo sayo sisalokhu sezingeni eliphakeme.