Noumenon - kuba nomqondo wefilosofi. Phenomenon futhi noumenon

Noumenon - Umqondo nefilosofi, elisho uhlobo okushiwo mkhuba, okuyinto azicaci. bamba wakhe (uma ngaso sonke) kulolu cwaningo nocwaningo ezijulile. Ngokuvamile, ifilosofi lo mqondo melanani a eside ezifana into. Lo mqondo into amanga phezu. Uma sibheka iyiphi into noma mkhuba, zisithinta, sijabulise izinzwa zethu. Isikhathi esining impela, lo mphumela esizithatha ngokoqobo. Phenomenon futhi noumenon - imigomo ngokuvamile udideke noma ngisho ukuthatha ngenye nenye. Ake sizame indzaba emfushane ukuze aqonde ukuthi yini isimo ezifihliwe futhi kungaba itholakala kithi ngaso sonke, ngokuvumelana zefilosofi.

okusho

Uma siphendukela yokuqala yesiGreki, siyabona ukuthi noumenon - igama elisho "ingqondo." zefilosofi zasendulo zivame selisho leli gama akuyona nje indlela enengqondo ukuze siqonde iqiniso, kodwa futhi imiphumela, izenzo nezinto, kungakhathaliseki imizwa yethu. Kodwa lo mqondo has esinye isixhumanisi ne ingqondo. Uma lomkhuba - kuba isihloko sikwazi ukubona izinzwa, esimweni nge okushiwo ndaba iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kunalokho. Phela, sibhekene hhayi intfo ngokoqobo lokho okungase kuthintwe, wazibona noma ithintwe. Yena sisinikwa kuphela umcabango, wahlanganisa kuphela isizathu.

indaba

Ngokokuqala ngqá leli gama sibona "Tinkhulumiswano" kaPlato. Ngokuba mkhulu sefilosofi esingumGreki noumenon - ke lomkhuba stroke. Ngakho esiqokiwe umbono yakhe edumile. Lokhu obabazekayo imiqondo, ikakhulukazi ezifana iqiniso, ubuhle, ubuhle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-uPlato izwe imibono iqiniso langempela. Izwe imihlola, izinto siyaqonda imizwa - kungcono nje ukubukeka.

Lokhu kusho uPlato engxoxweni "Parmenides", lapho lithi Yizwe noumena kuyinto khona kweqiniso, okuyinto elingenalo yonke inhloso. Lezi izinhlangano noma imibono, ngaphezu, izibonelo zezinto zabo "ubuqiniso." Waze ubabiza archetypes. Isenzakalo - kakhulu izithombe osontekile imibono. UPlato isebenzisa inkulumo enjengokuthi "izithunzi obondeni."

Ephakathi

Noumenon - igama kabanzi hhayi kuphela ezikhathini zasendulo. Lolusiko waqhubeka European Ephakathi. Okokuqala kwaba ethandwa kakhulu bezibona noumena ndawonye njenganoma iyiphi enye, izwe aqondakale, okuyinto kuphela kuzinhlelo isizathu.

Scholastics ngokuvamile eziqhutshwa leli gama ukuchaza lokho ihlobene Nkulunkulu. Akukhona nje emfundisweni Orthodox, kodwa futhi abantu abangavumelani nenkolo eyamukelwayo esetshenziswa welithi "noumenon". Ngokwesibonelo, izazi zemfundiso yenkolo ye-medieval ukunyakaza zezihlubuki izazi zanamuhla ziye ngokuthi Catharism, wayekholelwa ukuthi umhlaba wethu ebonakalayo ayinakho khona kweqiniso, ngoba kwakungafaneleki ukuba lowadalwa nguNkulunkulu ngalokucondzile. Zonke ukuthi kukhona, kungaphansi sibole nokufa. Kodwa ezweni noumena - lesi simanga ngempela lowadalwa nguNkulunkulu ngalokucondzile. Ziyakwazi elingukungaboli ezingaguquki, futhi yonke kweqiniso.

Noumenon ifilosofi Kant sika

Ngokungafani isiko ephakathi, le Isazi sefilosofi esidumile zakudala German wanika eside libe nencazelo ehluke kakhulu. Ngaye, i-noumenon has engahlobene nesenzakalo esingokoqobo. Lena into stroke kakhulu kuphela sibonga iziphetho yethu okunengqondo ekhona. Wacela ngisho nokuba kwenziwe kube "yinto-e-ngokwayo."

Kant wachaza ukuqonda kwakhe noumena kanje. Izinto kanye izinto ukuthi sicabanga futhi uzizwe, yebo, zingaphezu kwethu. Kodwa essence yabo awaziwa kithi. Zonke izinhlobo nezimfanelo sibona kuzo - noma kunalokho, basuke uyasho - ezifana ubude, ukushisa noma amakhaza, noma umbala indawo, yizimfanelo subjective ngaphezulu libe indlela yethu yokucabanga kanye indlela cognition. Futhi kubukeka kanjani ngokoqobo, asazi. Okuhlangabezanwe nakho kwethu lisitshela ukuthi kukhona okunye ukhona nokuthi iquketheni. Kodwa uyini essence yayo, asikwazi ukuqonda. Ukuhlukaniswa imihlola kanye noumena okungukuthi, ngokuvumelana sefilosofi, uhlobo ukutjheja imikhawulo umugqa, okhombisa kithi ukushiyeka engqondweni yethu.

Noumenon kanye nemibono priori

Ingabe ikhona enye into esenza nganoma iyiphi indlela yokuxazulula le mfumbe? Ngo "Prolegomena" Kant ubhala ukuthi ngaphezu "izinto ngokwabo" kunolunye uhlobo imibono stroke. Lokhu noumenon ifilosofi - lena ukhona okungakwazi luhlolwe akunakwenzeka ukwazi. Kusukela umbono of Kant, lokhu kungasiza isizathu priori, okungasekelwe esisekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo. Uphakamisa umbono ka ukungafi komphefumulo, ubuqotho zomhlaba, inkululeko futhi uNkulunkulu. Kodwa abakwazi ngesisekelo isayensi. Nakuba ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo ukusetshenziswa beyithela khulu lapho.

Ngokwesibonelo, ngosizo lwabo, thina synthesize olwazini nasekuqondeni esinako uhlukanise ukwehlukana kwayo. Nokho, lo msebenzi, njengoba "Critique we nokucabanga ngokufanele" Kant uthi noumena bungatholakala hhayi olwazini nasokholweni. Ngaleyo ndlela-ke ngezinga elithile wabuyela incazelo zazo zendabuko, nje ezingeni ehlukene. Ngakho sefilosofi kusikisela ukuthi noumena babe siqu, empeleni yabo yezinto. Lena yindawo enkululeko, kuqhathaniswa nemvelo, umlando, ingxabano zokuziphatha uZimu ukhona.