Cosmonauts Belarusian ulwazi oluphelele nangezinto abazifezile

Esikhaleni abantu abangaphezu kwamakhulu amahlanu bathunyelwa. Ezintathu kuzo - Belarusians Oleg Novitsky, uVladimir Kovalenok uPetru Klimuk. La magama bayazazi Leso naleso sakhamuzi eseduze republic Russian. Kulesi sihloko uzokwaziswa zezinkanyezi Belarusian. Masiqale.

umlando

Ngo-2015, isintu siye ayegubha iminyaka engu-58th of engu isikhala. Konke kwaqala ngo-October 5, 1957, lapho ososayensi Soviet wethulwa ku-orbit "Sputnik 1". Ngoba bonke abakhileyo iplanethi kwakuwusuku lokuvula ngenkathi izinkanyezi, imithala imihlaba ezintsha.

Ngokushesha izingqondo imiklamo emangalisayo esiyibona sengilungisile konke esigabeni esilandelayo sokuthuthuka black kwalasha. Futhi ngo-April 12 1961, lenzeka by intuthuko. Yuri Gagarin Ngumuntu wokuqala ofike ngendiza isikhala. Futhi lo mzamo lokuqala ngesikhathi sokunqotshwa isikhala ezisemkhathini isibe mlando yangempela emlandweni womhlaba.

Eminyakeni engu-50 edlule esilandelayo ukuhlola umkhathi uye savela ngempela ngesivinini. Kwamenywa ezaqaliswa iziteshi esemkhathini namakhulu satellites. Ingabe kwaba ucwaningo eziningi zobuchwepheshe nesayensi. Futhi-ke, neqhaza elikhulu kakhulu kule esenziwe Cosmonauts Belarusian. Mayelana edume kakhulu lapho thina uchaze ngezansi.

Peter Klimuk

Lo muntu kudingeka akukho isingeniso. Futhi kulabo abazi, uPetru Klimuk - lena Cosmonaut lokuqala Belarusian, usosayensi, uLieutenant General, Doctor of Technical Sciences. Ngo-1965, lapho ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala lamabutho ka abanqobi kwesibhakabhaka esigcwele izinkanyezi. Kamuva waba uHeinrich Gagarin. ke uPetru wayeneminyaka engu-23 kuphela ubudala. Le nsizwa yahamba astronaut training course. Lokhu kwamenza wakwazi hhayi kuphela ithemba ezindiza imikhumbi ezifana "Union", kodwa futhi umsebenzi omuhle kuziteshi esemkhathini yohlobo "Khonzani". Njengoba kumkhuzi walo, wenza 3 ukuya emkhathini.

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba

Yenzeka ezulwini 1973. Klimuk ephethwe "Soyuz-13". Ubude indiza kwaba nje kwesikhathi esingaphezu kwesonto. Ngo-1975, Petra Ilicha ngasebenza kwabosizo lokuqala esiqiwini nezisebenzi "Soyuz 17". Ngawo lowo nyaka waba understudy Klimuk nomyali '18-1-Union ", okuyinto, ngeshwa, isiqalo akuphumelelanga.

indiza yesibili

Yenzeka ngo-May 1975 futhi obuyohlala nje 62 izinsuku. Petru Ilichu basiza indiza unjiniyela Sevastyanov. Ngokushesha ngemva umkhumbi wabo "Soyuz-18-2" uye iboshiwe ngokuphumelelayo esiteshini esemkhathini "Salyut-4". Ngemva kokubuyela e-Earth Klimuk waqala ukuba baqeqeshwe ngaphansi kohlelo "Intercosmos".

Ukundiza wesithathu

Phakathi indiza lwesithathu ngo-June 1978, Peter Ilyich wahola iqembu international belingana Cosmonaut Polish Germashevsky. Phatha "Soyuz-30" iboshiwe ngempumelelo isiteshi "Salyut-6", ebithwele Ivanchenkov futhi Kovalenok. Lesi sikhathi Klimuk wahlala isikhala izinsuku eziyisikhombisa. ubude bayo isiyonke yokundiza izinsuku 78 18 amahora.

isikhala ngaphandle

Ngokushesha ngemva kwendiza yesithathu uPetru Ilich waqokwa yoMnyango Political ku Cosmonaut Training Centre (CTC) Gagarin. Khona-ke Klimuk baba iPhini umholi. Ngo-1983, eyothola ukuqeqeshwa okwengeziwe ngaleso Military Political Academy, uLenin (engekho). Futhi walivikela ngamaphuzu mqondo wakhe ngo-1987. Eminyakeni embalwa (kusukela ngo-1979 kuya ku-1984) ukuthi uyisekela of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.

Order

Peter Klimuk nezinye zezinkanyezi Belarusian, has izindondo eziningi. He is umklomelo we Prize State of the USSR futhi WaseRussia. UPeter wabuye futhi Ilyich waklonyeliswa oda ezintathu Lenin, Order "Ukuze Services kuya Motherland", Order of Ubungane Abantu, kanye uzothatha indondo yegolide Tsiolkovsky. Klimuk igama lomgwaqo emadolobheni ezifana Klotsk futhi Rogachev, futhi ezindaweni Rubel, Lower Terebezhov futhi Motol. Ngo Breste Petru Ilichu efakwe a ngokudayisa ngethusi.

Vladimir Kovalenok

Noma yimuphi biography zezinkanyezi Belarusian emangalisayo, kodwa indaba yokuphila umnqobi esibhakabhakeni esigcwele izinkanyezi, mhlawumbe okuthakazelisa kakhulu. Ake uqale nge yokuthi indiza ubekade Kovalenok ngokuphelele "green" yobudala. Kodwa, kwacaca ukuthi, eminyakeni engu-22 akuyona inkomba. UVladimir yaba isikhungo esiyinhloko "isikulufa" uhlobo mkhathi "Soyuz". Kubo wanqoba ezintathu isikhala anezinkanyezi.

Qala yesevisi

Njengazo zonke osomkhathi Belarusian Kovalenok aqeqeshwa okuhle lempi zezindiza esikoleni. Wathweswa iziqu ngo-1963 futhi ngahamba ngayosebenza kwezokuthutha izindiza. UVladimir flying AN-24 co-pilot. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, le nsizwa ukhushuliwe nomyali. Ngo-1965 waba umfundi Kovalenok Cosmonaut. Nokho, akazange usubhalisile, futhi washiya ku Reserve. Ukuqeqesha Yiqiniso ukundiza emkhathini insizwa ethile iqala ukuthatha indawo ngemva kweminyaka emibili.

Uhambo lokuqala luzoba

Ngo-October 1977, uVladimir uzibophezele "Soyuz-25" ebaleka lokuqala. Kovalenok Kwakungubani umkhuzi ngaphandle komkhumbi. Futhi kufakwe nezisebenzi uVladimir Ryumin. Ngokusho kohlelo indiza, "Union" kwenziwa docking esiteshini "Salyut-6". Kodwa lokhu akuzange kwenzeke ngenxa ukusebenza usuke uhlelo kwakuwukubonana kwimodi eziphuthumayo. Flight wayeka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Isikhathi Imininingwane wachitha emkhathini kwaba izinsuku 2.

indiza yesibili

Senzeka ngo-1978, futhi kwathatha isikhathi eside kakhulu kunezokuqala. Kovalenok futhi Kwakungubani umkhuzi ngaphandle komkhumbi. Lesi sikhathi wahola iqembu "Soyuz-29". I docking kuhlelwe nge "Salyut-6" esiteshini waphumelela kakhulu. Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe khona kuso, uVladimir Vasilyevich Athatha mikhankaso ezimbili zakwamanye amazwe: German namaSoviet (Ian Bykovskii) kanye Polish-Soviet (Germashevsky, Klimuk). Julayi 29, Kovalenok ngokuhlanganyela Ivanchenko eyenziwa esikhaleni anezinkanyezi. Ngaphandle umkhumbi, base kancane phezu amahora amabili. Novemba 2 uVladimir ubuyele ekhaya "Union-31." Inani nobude uhambo lwesibili cishe izinkulungwane eziyikhulu namashumi amane izinsuku.

indiza wesithathu

Lesi sikhathi Kovalenok ephethwe "Soyuz T-4." Naye landizela notorious Viktor Savinykh. Futhi iboshiwe ngempumelelo futhi kuya "Salyut-6". Njengezinye okokugcina, le osomkhathi wathatha uhambo ezimbili zakwamanye amazwe: i-Romanian namaSoviet (Prunariu, Popov) futhi-Mongolian namaSoviet (Gurragcha, Janibekov). Ubude indiza wawakhiwa ayisikhombisa nanhlanu ezinsukwini.

inkonzo Landela-up

Ngo-1984, uVladimir iziqu ngempumelelo Military Academy e-General Assembly Abasebenzi. Ngemva kwalokho wamiswa njengephayona elivamile iPhini induna ukulawula 1st Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre, okuyinto ubelokhu emlungiselela osomkhathi. Ngokuqondene nalokhu aphoyintimenti ayisekho iqhaza izindiza.

Kusukela 1989 kuya 1992 ayeyisebenzela the MP. Ngo-1991, ephethwe Belarusian Federation of Cosmonautics. Ngo-1993, uVladimir wanikwa isikhundla Jikelele uColonel Aviation. Ngo-2001 yena ephethwe WaseRussia ka Cosmonautics. Wadedelwa ngo-June 2002 ku supply ubudala.

udumisa

Indaba mayelana astronaut Belarusian Kovalenko, sizobe ugcwalise ukudluliswa oda akhona. UVladimir enawo kwempahla oda ezintathu Lenin, a oda ezimbalwa "Ukuze Izikhungo kuya Motherland" futhi uzothatha indondo yegolide Tsiolkovsky. Edolobheni Krupki (Minsk esifundeni) Kovalenko, le ngokudayisa ngethusi.

Oleg Novitsky

Leli gama ngeke kunabayeni ukuthandwa ezimbili abalwe ngenhla. Oleg Novitsky - Cosmonaut Belarusian, owayehola umkhumbi "Soyuz TMA-06M". Qala senziwe Okthoba 2012. Lesi senzakalo sasingeyona kubo bonke Belarusians kubangele ukuqhosha. Ngo-2007, Novitsky lidlule ukuqeqeshwa isikhala jikelele, wathola amaphuzu aphezulu. Ngaleyo ndlela, yena okhethwe yena indiza eduze esikhaleni anezinkanyezi.

Oleg Novitsky - Cosmonaut Belarusian, ogama biography is ukuba zonke izakhamuzi zezwe lakhe laziwe. Waya anqobe kwalasha amnyama ngemuva nje, bebungaza usuku lokuzalwa kwakhe 41st. Abantu abazi Oleg mathupha waphawula ukufana lakhe Yuriem Gagarinym. Novitsky waba isi-Byelorussian lwesithathu owabona phesheya iplanethi. Esikhathini esizayo esiseduze cishe kuyoba umnqobi wesine black kwalasha.

Nedoletevshie

Cosmonauts Belarusian Klimuk, Kovalyonok Novitsky futhi abone iphupho lakhe ukuya besibhakabhaka esinezinkanyezi. Kodwa kwakukhona nalabo abangazange uphathe ukukwenza.

Boris belousov

Wazalelwa Hotimsk (Mogilev esifundeni) ngo-1930. Wathweswa iziqu e-Air Force Academy Mozhaiskogo eLeningrad. Ngo-1965 waqala ukulungiselela lo indiza esikhaleni anezinkanyezi. Ngokushesha waba Cosmonaut abaphezulu. Ngemva kokudlulisa luhlolo isimo belousov wamiswa njengelungu crew we "Union." Ngaphambi indiza emkhathini okwakungekuningi. iphupho Liyaziswa usuzoba a okwempela. Kodwa kungazelelwe belousov waxoshwa oda. Boris wayiswa lempi ucwaningo nezikhungo. Isizathu kwaba ukuthi ikomidi izifakazo wathola "ebuhlungu" e biography of umukhwe wakhe.

Anatoly Dedkov

It wazalelwa edolobhaneni Lucin (Gomel esifundeni) ngo-1944. Wathweswa iziqu kusukela laseKharkov Military Aviation School. Uma lokhu selitholakele e amabutho Cosmonaut. edlulisa ukuhlolwa isimo ngempumelelo, ukulungiselela undize uye esiteshini esemkhathini "Salyut" futhi "Soyuz". Ngo-1977 Dedkova esimisiwe induna nezisebenzi 2nd kwi "Salyut-6" futhi "Soyuz-26". Zonke izinhlelo sawela docking akuphumelelanga izisebenzi 1st, ezazihlanganisa ezifana osomkhathi Belarusian njengoba Ryumin futhi Kovalyonok. "Phezulu" kwavela oda: ilungu nomgwedli kumele babe indiza isipiliyoni. Lesi sinqumo Dedkova kwaphoqa ekupheleni emgqeni, okuyinto minyaka yonke agcwaliswa by izicelo abasebasha.

umhloli

Ngakusasa iminyaka 6 Anatoly Ivanovich wahlanganyela ukuhlolwa isikhala ubuchwepheshe ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Wayefanele izindiza olwandle nezindawo lingenamuntu (ehlathini, emahlathini, ogwadule). Futhi Dedkov wayekwenza spacewalk e suit "Orlan" futhi ihlolwe spacesuit "Sokol". Wenza ezingaphezu kuka-50 mkhathi lihlala nge-parachute emazingeni ahlukahlukene eyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa inani ucwaningo (ngezinye izikhathi yingozi empilweni) akamsizanga Anatoly Ivanovich ukuya emkhathini. Ngenxa yalokho, wayiswa e-Mission Control Centre njengoba opharetha abakhulu. UColonel Dedkov ungalokothi wakwazi babe isi-Byelorussian lwesithathu, unqoba kwalasha amnyama.

Alexander Shchukin

Wazalwa ngo-1946 e Vienna (Wienn), e-Austria, e-umndeni. Shchukin kuphothula esikoleni samabanga aphakeme test bezindiza, futhi ngemva - YaseMoscow Aviation Institute. Alexander ufunde okuningi mayelana zezinkanyezi Belarusian futhi waphupha anqobe isikhala anezinkanyezi. Ngenxa yalokho, Shchukin wayiswa ukuqeqeshwa kuhlelo "Buran", eliholwa Igor Volk. Kodwa iphupho kuka-Alexander akuzange zigcwaliseka. Yena iphahlazeka indiza Su-26M ngesikhathi belungiselela iholide e Zhukovsky. On wathi ukuqeqeshwa indiza izindiza Shchukin kwenziwa ngenhloso ukuze usihlole spin. Ngeshwa, u-Alexander kwaba enganeli indiza ephuma umbuso esibucayi, waphelela e nhlekelele.