Furmanov Dmitriy Andreevich: Biography, imisebenzi

Le filimu abadumile esekelwe encwadini yakhe, eyakhishwa eminyakeni 8 ngemva kokufa kombhali. Wenza igama umlobi odumile, bese nomthelela ukuphathwa yayo ezihlukahlukene ezilula. Kusukela ibanga iminyaka ihamba, ngokuvamile kuthiwa fighter sokungacabangi futhi sinesihluku ngoba samuntu umugqa Party, abese enza ngokwalokho backhand empini, futhi izincwadi. okuseduzane kuphela uzobona ezinye zobuntu abantu Fuhrman nesibongo. Dmitri A. waphila ukuphila esifushane, sihluke isiphetho abaningi ayephila nabo kucace khona iziphiwo futhi ezifanayo kuzo isidingo Ukukhetha indlela njalo ngenkathi ngesihluku ushintsho mlando.

ekuqaleni

Wazalwa ngo-1891 khona emkhayeni omkhulu, edolobhaneni Sereda sifundazwe Kostroma. Uyise babevela Yaroslavl abalimi, kodwa wayesendaweni rusher sakhe. Lapho Dmitry wayeneminyaka engamashumi 6 ubudala, umkhaya wathuthela Ivanovo-Voznesensk. Ngokushesha esiteshini wavula yokucima ukoma okungewakho uyise - Andrey Semenovich Furmanov. Dmitry Andreyevich ke bakhumbula ukuthi uzungezwe esengumntwana imvelo njengoba obishini zokudakwa, okwenza kube lula bebelokhu kwalasha.

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu Dmitry edolobheni esikoleni ngo-1903 uyise wamyisa esikoleni ukuhweba, futhi 1909-1912 wayehlala Kineshma, lapho afundela khona esikoleni. Kusukela ebusheni ekuseni anakho umkhuba, mhlawumbe, babe imbangela enkulu yokuqothulwa kwehlathi isibongo umbhali Fuhrman. Dmitri A. esaphila igcinwe idayari enemininingwane, lapho eqoshiwe isipiliyoni ukufundwa, kusukela ngayo abantu ayehlangana nabo. Ngemva kwalokho, amanye amavesi abakhethayo kusuka ke yashicilelwa futhi kakhulu ukunconywa baxgeki ngokuba nengcebo yezinto ezibonakalayo. etemibhalo zomlando.

I ucwaningo lokuqala

Iphephandaba "Ivanovo ishidi" ngo-1912, kwaba khona inkondlo elalinikezelwe uthisha kwezincwadi Kineshma esikoleni. Kwakuwusuku sokuqala simenyezelwe, esasayinwa ngaphansi "Furmanov." Dmitry Andreyevich ukuze asindise ukuphila kwakhe wabhala eziningi zezinkondlo, ikakhulukazi ebusheni bakhe, kodwa akazange azibheke njengongcono imbongi.

Kancane kancane ke senziwa ngaphandle Furmanova isifiso bahlanganyele umsebenzi wokubhala. Lesi sifiso amyisa kufanele idluliselwe uMthetho Faculty of Moscow State University, lapho wabhalisa 1912 ngesikhathi Umlando kolimi. Ukuqala kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kwaba umcimbi wenza kuyindaba yokukhathalelwa izifundo zesibili. Ucala biography lempi Furmanov. Dmitry Andreyevich ukubhalisa Ensign isitimela esibhedlela, kwathi ngo-1915 yena uthola ngaphambili.

zezombusazwe lokuzibusa

romanticism Patriotic Furmanova, njengezinye eziningi, ngemva kokubona lokho okushiwo uhlobo empini usuthathelwa ekudumazekeni. It bubonakala ngokucacile ngedayari, agcwele emakhasini ayo izinkondlo Furmanova. Dmitry Andreyevich kungaphezu umbono isondela ukufohla yokudalelwa wezwe.

Ngemva demobilization, yena osezithola Ivanovo-Voznesensk, lapho, njengoba kulo lonke leli zwe, njengoba ephakama tide wamavukelambuso. Lapho, ngo-February 1917, kuwo esusa le autocracy phambi Furmanov kunesidingo ukukhetha phakathi ezihlukahlukene imisinga zezombusazwe.

Into Engakwenza Bolshevism

Waqale osezithola kwababusi Socialist-mbuso, bese kuba umhleli we maximalists iqembu. Aqiniseka ukuthi ezweni elisha lingakhiwa ngesikhathi kuphela ngokusebenzisa kugucuka ezinqala kakhulu avumele ukusetshenziswa izinyathelo sibhekwe ngokumelene nalabo ninamathele yindlela yemphilo lendzala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlanganyela Furmanov umsebenzi njalo loMkhandlu amasekela Workers.

I Apotheosis yemibono wamavukelambuso kakhulu kuba ukuvela inhlangano emzini izidlamlilo, ogama umholi iba Furmanov. Dmitry Andreyevich, ogama biography uzoqhubeka abayohlanganiswa KwamaBolshevik Party, ekugcineni kunqunywa ngemva komhlangano futhi kusebenzisana Mikhail Frunze, kwaqeda zokugcina anarchist ukukhohlisa kwakhe.

Ngo-1919 yena wathunyelwa nge ihlukane Frunze ukuba siye ngaphambili, lapho wamiswa UKhomishana Division 25th.

Chapaev

Lapho ebhalela imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke - "Chapaev", ebhalwe ngo-1923, lapho isebenzisa Diaries yakhe, lapho yena uqobo engazange ayeke sonke isikhathi uye wachitha e Chapayev Division. Incwadi wehlukile edumile ifilimu shot ku izisusa zakhe ngo-1934. Inhlanganisela okwangempela esibi lelandzisako kanye nokuthatha izinto ngokuvamile romantic ehlanganiswe ne ikhono elimangalisayo umlobi abasha, walidumisa abafundi futhi amakhosi esikhulu kunazo zonke izincwadi. Gorky wabhala lokhu encwadini eya Furmanov okwakhe ngenhloso yombhali kanye nokuzethemba esikhathini sakhe.

Military Furmanova isiphetho bayiphonsa nezimpi ahlukahlukene lapho kuqala impi yombango. I ukubonakaliswa wakhe - netindzaba kumakwe njengokwenziwe izenzakalo ezinkulu Soviet izincwadi 20s. Inoveli "Ukuvukela" (1925) lunikezelwe ukucindezelwa wokuvukela kulak ku Kazakhstan, inoveli "Red Team" (1921) uchaza esiyingqayizivele emfuleni athelekela ezingemuva amabutho mhlophe Kuban.

Commissioner ukufa

Ngemva kwempi, umbhali ubusebenza imisebenzi etemibhalo nomphakathi. umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko, akholelwa ekulweni imibono yokungabi nandaba esisha izincwadi Soviet, nakuba elamukelayo ukugxekwa ngoba Ukwenyela ezingosomathuba kusukela Rapp - inhlangano abalobi ', eveza kakhulu kwesokunxele-wing ukubukwa.

Uzama ukuthola izingqikithi ezintsha ku imisebenzi kungukuthi ezihlobene izenzakalo kulwiwa. post-yimpi yakhe isebenza - Tindzaba "Seashores" uchungechunge (1925), elalinikezelwe uhambo oluya eningizimu yeRussia, ogwini Caucasian kanye eCrimea. Wayelethwa kuyancomeka ngu Gorky. Furmanov wasebenza journalism kanzima, wabhala ezigxeka etemibhalo.

On emakhasini idayari izinto zanqwabelana ukuthi wayezomvusa ukusebenzisa ukubhala imibhalo emisha. Kodwa izinhloso zakhe esingagcwalisekanga ekuqaleni ukufa okungenangqondo. Okwamanje imbangela yokufa kwakhe yayibizwa ngokuthi i-meningitis, le umphimbo obuhlungu, lapho yena uqobo engazange unake.

umyalezo abaningi wamshaya, eyabonakala entwasahlobo ka-1926, amaphepha: Mashi 15, ngemuva kokugula isikhashana kodwa ezinzima ukuthi Kuvezwe emva yezinkinga Umkhuhlane, Dmitriy Andreevich Furmanov washona ngo eMoscow. Izihloko eziye zavela ngemva kwalokhu izindaba, ezazigcwele ukuzisola ngobuqotho mayelana nokufa ekuseni somlobi. Yini wakwazi ukukwenza nangakwazi, unikeza ithemba ukuvela emabhukwini amasha ukuze izinga okusezingeni eliphezulu ngempela.