Ziyini izinhlamvu zefungi ngokuphambene nezinhlamvu ze-bacteria?

Umbuso wama-bacteria ne-fungi unezici ezivamile. Ikakhulukazi, abameleli babo bayaphikisana. Kodwa-ke, kukhona umehluko ocacile lapha. Ake sithole ukuthi umehluko phakathi kwamakhowe ama-mushroom nama-bacterial spores. Umehluko uzobhekwa kamuva.

Mayelana namakhowe

Amakhowe ayizinto eziphansi. Ziyihlobo lokuxhumana oluyisipiliyoni kusuka ezitshalweni kuya ezilwaneni. Abameleli balo mbuso bobabili befungi elilodwa elilodwa elilodwa, kanye nama-giante angempela, isibonelo, ama-turtles amakhulu, amakholomu ayo ahamba kuwo izihlahla zomuthi.

Ama-spores of fungi, ngokungafani nezinhlamvu zamabhaktheriya, awaqukethe i-chlorophyll. Izidalwa ezinjalo yi-heterotrophic. Ngamanye amazwi, ukugcinwa komsebenzi obalulekile ku-fungus kungenxa yokucubungula izinto ezingavumelekile nezezinto eziphilayo.

Umzimba wefungi uboniswa i-mycelium, equkethe iqoqo lezintambo ezinhle kakhulu zezicubu. Izinhlaka zalesi sigaba ziyakwazi ukuthuthukisa hhayi kuphela enhlabathini, kodwa nasemanzini. Ezinye izifungumane ziyi-parasitic ezitshalweni, ezilwaneni nasezintweni zazo. Ukuthuthukisa izinhlamvu zefungi, kunezimo eziningana ezidingekayo: ukutholakala kokushisa nomswakama.

Iyini ibhethri?

Ngaphambi kokucabangela umehluko phakathi kwezinhlamvu ze-fungus ne-spore ye-bacterium, kuyafaneleka ukusho amazwi ambalwa mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinto eziphilayo, ezingezombuso wama-bacteria. Abameleli babo basendulo bekhona emhlabeni jikelele iminyaka engaba yizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezimbili. Kuze kube manje, ososayensi babhalisile izinhlobo ezingu-2500 zama-bacteria.

Izinhlaka zalesi sigaba zibhekene nezindawo eziningi zokuhlala. Kukhona amabhaktheriya kuyo yonke indawo: emanzini, enhlabathini, emoyeni, emaqenjini kanye nasezikhunjini, kanye nezikhukhula zomzimba eziphilayo. Abanye abameleli balo mbuso bakwazi ukugcina umsebenzi obalulekile ekujuleni kwamanzi nasemanzini ngamakhilomitha amaningana, baphile ezimweni zokushisa eziqine.

Amabhaktheriya yizinto eziphilayo ezincane kakhulu. Zonke zinamaseli owodwa noma amaketanga abo. Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwesakhiwo samaselula, amabhaktheriya awaqukethe i-nucleus, ukuhlukaniswa kwazo ezakhiweni zezilwane eziholela ekukhuleni kwezidumbu zabantu ngabanye.

Ama-spores amakhowe

Imizimba ye-mushroom sporoid yenza kuphela umsebenzi wokukhiqiza. Bavame ukushintsha ifomu labo ngesikhathi sokuphila. Lekhono liyaziwa ngencazelo ye "pleomorphism". Lokhu kubonakala phambi kwesikhunta sezinhlobo eziningana zezinhlamvu, ezihluke ngendlela yokwahlukana.

Ama-spores of fungi, ngokungafani nezinhlamvu zamabhaktheriya, akhiwa ezindaweni ezahlukene:

• I-fungus, ephindaphinda ngokubunjwa kwe-mycelium, iveza ama-chlamydospores kanye nama-arthrospores;
• Ngaphakathi kwe-sporangia, eyenziwa ngabamele abancane bombuso wefungi, ama-sporangiospores akhiqizwa;
• Ku-fungi ephezulu ama-spores akhiwa ebusweni bemizimba ye-tubular ne-lamellar.

Ama-spores amabhaktheriya

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwengxabano yefungus kanye nezinhlamvu zamabhaktheriya? Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, izinhlamvu zikhiqizwa ngezinhloso zokusakaza ngamakhowe. Endabeni yebhaktheriya, kunalokho kungukuguqulwa kweseli eliphilayo, elikuvumela ukuba lisinde ezimweni ezimbi. Njengoba imiphumela yocwaningo lwezesayensi ibonisa, izinhlamvu zamabhaktheriya ngabanye ziyakwazi ukumelana nokucindezeleka, ukuphefumula kwamakhemikhali nama-mechanical okulimazayo kwamangqamuzana ezilwane, izitshalo kanye nefungi elifanayo. Lona umehluko ocacile phakathi kwezinhlamvu ze-fungus nezinhlamvu zamabhaktheriya.

Kufanele kuqaphele ukuthi akubona bonke abamele umbuso wama-bacterium abanamandla okuguqula zibe izingxabano ezivikisayo. Kungenzeka kuphela ngamafomu afana namakholo alo mkhakha wezinto eziphilayo. Amabhaktheriya alolu hlobo aziwa kabanzi ngokuthi "i-bacilli".

Ama-spores ama-microorganisms ayenziwe ngenduku akhiwa phakathi nosuku. Ukuvuselelwa kwenqubo kwenzeka ekuphenduleni ukuvela kwemibandela engafanele ukuba khona nokuphila okusebenzayo. Le ndlela yokuvikelwa ezivela emvelweni iphumelela kakhulu. Ngendlela yokuphikisana, i- bacilli ingaba ifomu elingasebenzi emashumini ambalwa eminyaka. Amagobolondo okuzivikela ama-bacteria spores ayavikelwa ngukungabikho kwamanzi. Bamelela izinhlobo ezahlukene zemisebe, kuhlanganise nemisebe.

Ekuphethweni

Ekugcineni ngingathanda ukuhlanganisa yonke into engenhla. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo ezimelelwe?

Ama-spores of fungi, ngokungafani nama-bacteria spores, ahloselwe ukwenza umsebenzi wokuzala. Endabeni ye-bacilli, ukubunjwa kwe-spores kuyinqubo ephoqelelwe ehlose ukusinda kwezinhlobo zezilwane.

Ama-spores of fungi, ngokungafani nama-bacteria spores, ayinto encane, hhayi ingxenye engumzimba womzimba. Ngokuphambene nalokho, i-spore ye-bacterial empeleni yenza njengomzimba we-bacillus, othola igobolondo elivikelayo.

Kukhona umehluko wokulinganisa. Ngakho-ke, omunye ummeleli wombuso wamakhowe uyakwazi ukukhiqiza izigidi zezinhlamvu ukuze ukwandise amathuba okubeletha okuphumelelayo. Ingxabano eyodwa kuphela ekhishwa ku-bacilli.