I-Thesaurus: iyini? Isichazamazwi-i-thesaurus, engaphezu kwesichazamazwi

Ngokuvamile kaningi emaphrojekthi amaningi, izincwadi, izincwajana, izinsiza ze-Inthanethi umuntu angathola umqondo we "thesaurus". Njengomsebenzi ongaqondakali, uyethusa ngokungaziwa, ngoba kulula kakhulu ukusho "isichazamazwi", kunokusebenzisa incazelo engavamile.

I-Thesaurus: iyini? Ihluke kanjani kwisichazamazwi esivamile? Sizozama ukutadisha lezi zinkinga ngokuningiliziwe nokufinyeleleka.

Ukuchazwa kwegama

Ekuqaleni umqondo we-thesaurus wawucatshangwa kusukela ekubukeni kwesichazamazwi, okwakumele silulumagama lolimi ngezibonelo zokusetshenziswa kulo mbhalo.

U-Ozhegov uhumusha isichazamazwi njengesichazamazwi solimi oluthile, olubonisa isilulumagama ngokugcwele, kuyilapho u-Efremova ebheka lesi simo kusukela ekubukeni kwedatha efakwe ohlelweni oluthile lwolwazi.

Incazelo ecacile kunazo zonke isetshenziswe ku-philology, lapho i-thesaurus iqondwa khona njengengxenye yoluhlobo lwesichazamazwi, lapho zonke izincazelo zamagama zihlobene nobuhlobo be-semantic futhi zibonisa ubudlelwane obukhulu bemicabango ethile endaweni ethile.

Njengoba sibona, kunzima ukuphendula lo mbuzo: "Thesaurus: yikuphi lokhu?" Ngokukodwa. Ukuze sifundwe kanzima ngaleli gama, sicabangela umlando wokubukeka, izinhlobo nezinhlelo zamayunithi angama-lexical kwisichazamazwi sohlobo olufanayo.

Umlando wesenzakalo

Ubaba owasungula i-thesauri ngu-physicist we-English physic Roger, owathola ngo-1852 isimiso solimi lwesiNgisi, wasakaza ngamaqembu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iqembu ngalinye lalimelelwe igama lomqondo, futhi kamuva izivumelwano zalo zengxenye ezithile zenkulumo, uhlu lwamagama ahlobene, kanye nezinkomba zamagama ezinye izigaba. Umqondo wokuhlukaniswa okunjalo kwakuwusizo kakhulu, ngoba isichazamagama sabhekwa njengokwemvelo kakhulu, sichaza isilulumagama solimi ngokugcwele. Ngokwenza kanjalo, ingasetshenziswa njengokusesha okusheshayo kwemigomo ebalulekile. Kusukela ngesikhathi se-thesaurus yokuqala, kuze kube manje, kuye kwaba nokuguqulwa okuvamile kwalolu hlobo lwesilulumagama, elisetshenziselwa emininingeni yolwazi eminingi futhi lisetshenziselwa kabanzi kulo lonke izwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukutadisha isihloko: "I-Thesaurus: yikuphi lokhu?" Ingabe iyadingeka ezikoleni eziningi zemfundo.

Kuze kube yilolu suku, ama-thesauruses ahlala ngendlela ethandwa kakhulu ekuchazeni ulwazi kunoma iyiphi insimu edingekile ekubonweni komuntu okuphumelelayo.

Ubuhlobo bamagama ku-thesaurus

Ubuhlobo obuvame kakhulu ku-thesaurus ye-classical yilezi:

1. I-Synonymy - into evezwayo lapho amagama ayingxenye eyodwa yokukhuluma ehlobene, efana nencazelo ye-lexical. Isibonelo: i- state-fatherland, i-brigade-detachment, obomvu obomvu , njll.
2. U-Anthony ukuxhunyaniswa kwamagama wengxenye eyodwa yokukhuluma enencazelo ehlukile ye-lexical. Isibonelo: ukuthula - ukuthuka, ukuthanda - ukuhlukumezeka .
3. I-hyperonimia (hyponymy) yizihlobo eziyinhloko ngenhloso yokuchaza amagama. I-Hyperonym inencazelo ephelele ye-lexical, iveza igama elivamile, igama elijwayelekile leklasi (isethi) yezinto, izinto, okungukuthi izakhiwo zayo nezimfanelo. Le ngxenyana inezincazelo ezincane, ibiza into (imfanelo, impahla) njengesici sesethi ethile noma isigaba. Ukuze lolu buhlobo lube lula, ake sinike isibonelo esilula. Amazwi amagama nezilwane ahlobene, kanti igama elivamile - isilo - isichazamazwi maqondana nenhlanzi enobuzenzisi.
4. I-Meronemia (i-partonomy) - ubudlelwane ngamabito, yenziwa ngokusemthethweni "ingxenye - yonke". Isibonelo, cabanga ngamazwi indiza, i-chassis , i- porthole . Kulesi simo, igama jikelele lezokuthutha liyi-holonomic (inamba, igama), kanye nezingxenye zalo eziyingxenye zihambisana.
5. Umphumela (ubuhlobo phakathi kwamazwi). Isibonelo, amagama ahamba futhi azayo ahlobene nenqubo kanye nomphumela (imiphumela).
6. Isizathu (siphinde sisebenza kuphela ngamazwi). Ake sicabangele isibonelo sobuhlobo obunjalo, sizothatha amagama: ukulimaza - kudlule . Kulokhu, isizathu sokulandelwa - ukulahlekelwa, ngoba kwakukhona izinkinga zempilo.

Okushiwo yi-thesaurus, sizobona esibonelweni esilandelayo.

Ukulala - idivayisi yokulala.

[Hyperonim]: ifenisha
[MERO]: Indlu
[I-synonym]: isitofu, phansi.

Lesi yisibonelo esivela kuphela se-thesaurus yolimi lwesiRashiya, kodwa zonke izichazamazwi zalolu hlobo zakhiwe ngokuqondile kulo mgomo.

Imisebenzi yeThesaurus

Isichazamazwi-i-thesaurus ithwala ukubaluleka komphakathi, ukuxhumana, isayensi kanye neminye imisebenzi.

Uyi:

• Umthombo wolwazi olukhethekile endaweni ebanzi noma emincane, indlela yokuhleleka, incazelo yemigomo yendawo okuxoxwe ngayo ;
• Ithuluzi lokusesha ekuhambeni kolwazi;
• Ithuluzi lokuhlaziywa kwemibhalo yamadokhumenti ezinjini zokusesha;
• Ithuluzi lokukhomba ngokuzenzekelayo kwamathekisthi anzima.

Izinhlobo ze-thesauri

Izinhlobonhlobo zezichazamazwi zidinga ukucabangela hhayi umbuzo kuphela: "Thesaurus: yikuphi lokhu?", Kodwa futhi unake izinhlobo. Lokhu kuzosisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono izici zalezi zichazamazwi.

1. Izichazamazwi zamagatsha athile olwazi - philological, pedagogical, ifilosofi, njll thesauri. Yenza uhlu lwamagama akhethekile ngencazelo yazo zonke izixhumanisi ezikhona phakathi kwazo.
2. Ukubuyiswa kolwazi (i-IPT) - esetshenziselwa njengethuluzi lokuthola ulwazi oluthambile noma oluthile. Emasimweni kunamakhulu ama-thesauruses amakhulu egatsha ahambisana namazinga wombuso. Ezingxenyeni ezikhona ze-semantic phakathi kwezingqikithi, zisebenzisa ezintathu: ezijwayelekile, ezifanayo, kanye nezihlobo (bonke abanye).
3. Thesauri kolunye ulimi. Isibonelo, i-WordNet - i-thesaurus eyaziwa kakhulu yolimi lwesiNgisi, yenzelwe izici eziningiliziwe zesilulumagama kanye nezinsiza zokusebenza.
4. Izilimi eziningi (jikelele) - zikuvumele ukuthi uthole amagama ahlobene nomunye, kusukela ezilimini ezahlukene.
5. Kukhona futhi insauri engeyona ejwayelekile eyenza umsebenzi wokwenza uhlelo olukhethiwe oluthile endaweni ethile yolwazi, okuyinto eyamukelekayo kakhulu ezindaweni ezingezansi.

Isiphetho

Sithemba ukuthi singachaza ngolimi olufinyelelekayo ukuthi yiyiphi insaurus. Ngenxa yezibonelo, kulula ukuqonda ukuthi ihluke kanjani kwezinye izichazamazwi. Siphinde saqokomisa inkinga yokwaziswa okuthola i-thesauri, esetshenziswa kakhulu yi-system yolwazi yokusesha okusheshayo nokuhlelwa kwezigidi zezihloko.