Imfundo:, Umlando
I-Laszlo Biro nguyena owasungula ipeni lokubhala
Isikhathi esiningi kakhulu isakhi sithola igama lomlobi walo. Kunezibonelo eziningi: "Citroen" ne "Porsche", i-Colt no-Nagano, i-Biro ne-Parker. Nokho, yeka! Igama elithi "biro" alikho ngesiRussia. Kodwa kungesiNgisi. E-New Zealand, e-Australia nase-United Kingdom, igama elithi biro yiyona ejwayelekile kunazo zonke zokubhala idivayisi - ipeni lokubhala ibhola. Futhi wamsungula uLászló Bíró. Kulesi sihloko sizoveza i-biography emfushane yomsunguli.
Okokuqala isebenza
I-Laszlo Josef Biro wazalwa ngo-1899 eBudapest. Ubaba womfana, uMatiash, wasebenza njengodokotela wamazinyo. Wonke umuntu wacabanga ukuthi uLászló uzozilandela ezinyathelweni zakhe. Ngempela, ngemuva kokuqeda isikole, uBroro wangena esikhungweni sezokwelapha. Kodwa le nsizwa ayitholanga idiploma.
Kwase kwesikhashana, uLazz wayesebenzisa i-hypnosis, wabe esethola umsebenzi enkampanini yokukhiqiza imikhiqizo ye-petroleum. Khona-ke wathuthela endaweni entsha, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi sithandwa kakhulu - ukugijima kwemoto. Kanye nomngani, uBroro waze wafika nokudluliswa okuzenzakalelayo. Kamuva, i-patent yalokhu kwakhiwa yathola inkampani yaseMelika, i-General Motors, ukuze kungabikho muntu ongayisebenzisa. Lokhu kwakuyinto yokuqaphela ukuthi le nsizwa yayinekhanda emahlombe akhe!
Umsebenzi wama-Journalistic
Kodwa uLászló Biro waqhubeka efuna yena futhi ekugcineni waba intatheli edolobheni lakubo. Ngalezo zinsuku, iBudapest yayibhekwa njengenhloko-dolobha yesibili yase-Austria-Hungary. Futhi wajoyina ngokuqinile umncintiswano neVienna ukuze abe nomuzi wedolobha elihle kakhulu. Nakuba lo mncintiswano wawungenakunqoba, kodwa uBudapest wazuza kakhulu.
Kwenzekani ekupheleni? EBudapest, kwakukhona ukufudumala kwesifundazwe, eVienna - ukukhanya kombuso nokuqina. E-Budapest, kwakukhona i-operetta, e-Vienna - i-opera. E-cafe yaseBudapest beza ukusebenza bese bexoxa. E-Viennese - ukuze udle ukudla okuhlelekile.
Amahhovisi okuhlela emaphephandabeni amaningi edolobheni lakuleli laseLaszlo aphethe amathilomu aseduze. Lapha abahleli bakha inamba entsha, kanti izintatheli zibhala izihloko futhi zixoxe ngezindaba zendaba. Kwakuse-caffe ukuthi abezindaba bathi balethe izindaba zakamuva emsila.
Ekuqaleni, uLászló Bíro wahola iphephandaba laseHungary. Futhi emva kokuvalwa kwayo - incwadi El Eltete. Ngokwemvelo, ithuluzi eliyinhloko lokusebenza leqhawe laleli sihloko kwakuyi-pen. Futhi izici zayo zahlala kude kakhulu nokuphelela.
Invention
Izintatheli ezithuthukisiwe zaleso sikhathi zasebenzisa amapaki - izikhombe zamapayipi ezinama-capillary . Lezi yizinsimbi zokubhala ezibiza kakhulu futhi eziphelele kakhulu. Kodwa abapaki nabo babenemikhawulo: mhlawumbe abazange bashiye umkhondo ephepheni, noma baqhubeke.
Laszlo wayenomzalwane ogama lakhe linguGyorgy, owathola imfundo yamakhemikhali. Watshela i-hero yalesi sihloko ukuthi emaphakathini kukhona inki yamanzi amaningi. Ngakho-ke, bayaqhubeka. Ngesizathu esifanayo, i-inki idlala ephepheni isikhathi eside. Ngokusho kwe-György, uketshezi olungcono kakhulu lokushaja ipeni yipende lokubhala.
U-Laszlo uthathe iseluleko sesihlobo, kodwa ukuhlolwa kwaphela ekuhlulekeni. Ipeyinti yokudweba yayinzima kakhulu futhi ayizange iwele ephepheni ngegesi. Ucwaningo lwe-Biro futhi wanquma ukwenza iphuzu eliyinhloko le - tube capillary . Enye yokuphela kwayo yavulwa, futhi upende awuzange uphumele ngenxa ye-viscidity yayo. Futhi ngakolunye uhlangothi lwe-capillary kwakuyunithi yokubhala eyakhelwe ngaphakathi ngendlela yebhola lensimbi encane. Ngesikhathi ehamba ephepheni, wajikeleza futhi wathwala upende. Ngakho i-Laszlo Biro yasungula ipeni. Futhi wabhala enhle kakhulu!
Ekhalendeni kwakungu-1938. Iphoyinti lebhola Laszlo Biro lathola ilungelo lobunikazi eHungary. Ngemva nje kwalokho umsunguli kwakudingeka ashiye lapho. Lokhu kwakungenxa yenqubomgomo elandelwa uhulumeni kaFatcist kaHorthy. "Yacindezela" wonke amaJuda avela kuleli zwe. Laszlo wathuthela nomndeni wakhe eParis. Kwakuyinhloko-dolobha yaseFrance ukuthi wathengisa ilayisense yakhe yokuqala ukukhiqiza izikhombe. Futhi lokhu kwakuyisiqalo kuphela.
I-Patent Argentine
Mhlawumbe lokhu kuzobonakala kungaqondakali, kodwa ukukhiqizwa kokuqala kwamabhola eshibhile kuhlelwe yizinkampani zamabhizinisi aseBrithani. Ezindaweni eziphakeme ezihamba phambili zazingenakukwazi ukusebenzisa ipeni lemithombo yomthombo. Futhi ukusebenzisa amapenseli amakhemikhali kwakungenakulinganiswa ngandlela-thile. Ngakho-ke, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto eziningi kwenza lo mbhalo ubhale ithuluzi lokubhala eshibhile kakhulu.
I-Laszlo Biro yayingakafiki eParis. Ngemva kokuba ama-fascists ahlasela, wonke umkhaya wakhe wathuthela e-Argentina. Ehlobo lika-1943, i-hero yalesi sihloko ithola ilungelo lobunikazi kuleli zwe ukuze lenziwe. Khona-ke uLaszlo wasungula imboni ekwakhiweni kwamapeni e-Eterpen. Ngonyaka, uBroro wathengisa amayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-7 zemikhiqizo yakhe.
Kodwa le mpumelelo yezokuhweba yayisendaweni. Lapho umsunguli enquma ukungena emakethe yase-United States, wafunda ngokukhona kwe-analog yepeni lakhe. Iqiniso liwukuthi omunye waseMelika ohambelayo uvakashele i-Argentina. Waqaphela amandla amakhulu ezentengiselwano zalesi sakhiwo futhi, lapho esebuyele ekhaya, ngokushesha wabelungelo lobunikazi egameni lakhe. Kubonakala sengathi imakethe yaseMelika yalahlekelwa yiBroro kuze kube phakade.
UMarcel Bish no "Crystal" yakhe
Kodwa konke kwavela ngokuhlukile! Ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yezwe II, ipeni likaLaszlo lafika ezandleni zomninimabhizinisi uMarcel Bish. Wanquma ukuqala ukubhala izinto zokwakha futhi wakha ifoni eduze neParis. Ngo-1950, uMarcel wathola ilungelo lobunikazi beLazzlo Biro. Iphoyinti lebhola lalithuthukiswa ngokujulile yi-Bish.
Umninimabhizinisi wanquma ukusebenzisa indlela yokusetshenziswa kwensimbi esetshenziswa eSwitzerland. Lapho bakwenza ngezinga eliphakeme lokunemba, kuze kube ngu-hundredths of millimeter. Ububanzi bebhola elisha kwakungu-1 mm kuphela ngobukhulu. Lokhu kwavumela ipeni ukubhala elincane futhi lingashiyi izindawo ezingcolile ephepheni.
Bish waze wasungula igama lezinto ezenziwe ngcono - "Crystal". Ngo-1950, ukukhiqizwa kwamapeni ngaphansi kwalolu hlobo kwaqala eFrance. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili kamuva, uMarcel wavikela isenzo sakhe nge-US patent futhi wasungula inkampani ye-BiC eMelika. Le nkampani yakhiqiza ipulazi elincane elingenasisindo elenziwe ngamapulasitiki alula. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, baphuma emakethe amadivayisi amaningi wokubhala. I-BiC eqinile futhi kuze kube yilolu suku yinombolo eyodwa ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengiseni izikhombe zebhola emhlabeni wonke.
Isiphetho
Ngokuqondene neLazzlo Biro, i-Argentina yaba ikhaya lakhe lesibili. Ezweni laseSpain, waze washintsha igama lakhe lesiHungary eLadislav. EBuenos Aires, uBroro waphila waze wafa ngo-1985. Futhi ngo-September 29 (usuku lokuzalwa lukaLazzlo) waba yisikhathi seholidi kazwelonke e-Argentina - Usuku lomsunguli.
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