Ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana eMoscow. Umlando eMoscow. Moscow yesimanje

Moscow - ingenye ngobukhulu emadolobheni emhlabeni, idolobha lapho izikhathi eziningi ukunquma, inhlekelele labantu emazweni wonke ngisho amazwekazi. Minyaka yonke ke evakashela izivakashi zakwamanye amazwe eziyizigidi ezingu 4-5. Futhi iningi lazo elithi "Russian", "eMoscow" futhi "ezibiyele" kuyahambisana ngomqondo othile, futhi ungazami okungaphezu bendabuko Uhambo idolobha ukubona ezikhangayo elaziwayo elincane nezanamuhla inhlokodolobha, kanye bajwayelane nomlando wayo. Kodwa esikhathini esidlule kulo muzi Liyindawo ezithakazelisayo, kanye nezehlakalo ezenzeka khona nsuku zonke.

ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana eMoscow

Ngokusho ngonyaka 2014-i-, eMoscow linabantu abantu 12.108.257, 91% okungaye Russian. Umuzi isendaweni lomfula esifanayo, engxenyeni ephakathi ye-East European Plain. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eMoscow lingumuzi ukubaluleka federal, okuyinto cishe zonke izitho ebaluleke kakhulu amandla wombuso, ngaphezu iGceke Russian Federation yoMthethosisekelo.

Umlando eMoscow

Nakuba kucatshangwa ukuthi edolobheni yasungulwa ngonyaka 1147th, okutholwe ngemivubukulo zisikisela ukuthi okungenani 1,000 iminyaka. Futhi kukhona isizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi ezakhamuzi zokuqala ezahlala kulezi zindawo babe vyatichi. Ngakho, usuku oluqondile kumiswa akwaziwa eMoscow. Kungani-ke ngo-September 6, 2014, unyaka enhloko-dolobha Russian kugujwa iminyaka engu-867th zalo muzi? Iqiniso lokuthi ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana eMoscow phezu okuqala okuba khona kwalo eziqukethwe abadumile Ipatiev Chronicle. Kahle kahle, lokhu yilapho ungafunda irekhodi lokuqala emzaneni elinegama elifanayo, etholakala esakhiweni lamadolobha esimanjemanje umbumbi emgwaqweni. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo of izincwadi zasendulo ukhuluma umhlangano edolobheni laseMoscow Prince Yuri Dolgoruky Svyatoslava Olgovicha, kanye nabangane bawo 1147, unyaka usuku 'isithende ukuze kutuswe Nkulunkulu ", okuyinto, ngokusho abacwaningi' izibalo, okusho ngoMgqibelo 4 Apreli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kusukela zemihla kuyaziwa ukuthi emva kweminyaka 9 indodana ka Yuriya Dolgorukogo - Andrew Bogolyubskii - busekelwe Borovitsky amagquma a Fort sokhuni esincane, okuyinto kwaku retinue kwesikhulu. Ngakule izinqaba, futhi waqala ukuthuthukisa eMoscow. Umlando lomuzi liqukethe ulwazi ukuthi 1177, unyaka i-inqaba ubudala washiswa yoMntwana Gleb - umbusi Ryazan, futhi endaweni yawo wakha elisha.

Umlando okwalandela eMoscow

Ekhulwini le-13 edolobheni elaba isikhungo i ubukhulu ezimele futhi zasinda ekuhlaseleni zidlamlilo, isifo ubhubhane, kanye kuhlasela ekhohlisayo futhi kuphangwa yebutho Khan Tokhtamysh eminyakeni 100 ezayo. Naphezu kwazo zonke lezi ngentuthuko, eMoscow kancane kancane kokuba ngomunye izikhungo ebaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho, ezamasiko zenkolo nezombangazwe Russia. Ikakhulukazi eziningi sokuthuthukiswa edolobheni ngesikhathi benza Prince Ivan Kalita futhi Dmitry Donskoy. Ikakhulukazi, ulwazi oluyisisekelo mayelana eMoscow ngesikhathi show ukuthi owokuqala kubo nge-oki, kanti eyesibili - white-itshe Kremlin.

Lo mcimbi olandelayo obalulekile emlandweni ka eMoscow aqala isimemezelo ku-internet Ivana Groznogo Tsar eMoscow All Russia kanye nokusungulwa khona kwayo esigungwini sabefundisi abakhulu e 1589.

EMoscow kusukela 17 kuya kwekhulu lama-20

Inexpressibly anda indima empilweni emzini ERussia phakathi no amakhosi lokuqala Romanov lwamakhosi, uma laliyinhloko-dolobha isimo, okuyinto has a nsimu enkulukazi. Yilokho kwaba pre-Petrine eMoscow! Umlando edolobheni ekhulwini laphindze olungenayo izenzakalo ezithakazelisayo. Nokho, kusukela ngo-1712, unyaka yaba inhloko-dolobha Petersburg, kodwa zonke mithi, ngubani enyukela esihlalweni sobukhosi Empire isiRashiya, baqhubeka ukuyogcotshwa eMoscow. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-1812 umuzi waphenduka isicupho omkhulu somlilo kuNapoleon bavikela ezweni lakhe.

Moscow ekhulwini lama-20

Ngemva inguquko ka-1917, lo muzi waphinde wasimama isimo sayo njengomholi enhlokodolobha futhi ngaqala ukushintsha phambi kwamehlo ethu. Ikakhulukazi, eMoscow kwakukhona komhlaba, eMoscow, isakhiwa, yakhiwa waqala ukuthuthukiswa esebenzayo amadlelo wangaphambili. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lachithwa ezikhumbuzo eziningi izakhiwo zenkolo, kuhlanganise Monastery Longcwele waKhristu uMsindisi Cathedral, iChurch of kweNyuka, nabanye.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kuka-lasungulwa "namaSoviet" eMoscow. Umlando kwalesi sikhathi, idolobha iqukethe ikhasi edabukisayo ezihambisana nokuvikela nobuqhawe phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, lapho amakhulu ezinkulungwane Banikela ngokuphila kwabo ukuze singathwesi ukunikeza isitha ukungena inhlokodolobha ozithandayo. ujabule Ikakhulukazi kwakuwusuku edumile Red Square Victory Day umbukiso, okuyinto kwasho ukuphela mpi esabekayo kunazo zonke emlandweni wesintu. Kepha kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa impi, lapho kugujwa iminyaka engu 800th eMoscow, eziqalisa kumiswa isiko lugujwe ngo-1947, lapho namanje usaphila, futhi ngo-1950 uvele okubizwa ngokuthi "Sisters Eziyisikhombisa." Phakathi ngezenzakalo eziphawulekayo ezenzeka emzimbeni dolobha yeSoviet Union, kufanele kuphawulwe futhi ama-Olympic-80, idolobha 15 izakhiwo ezintsha ezemidlalo sekwakhiwe okuyiwona kanye ihhotela efanayo.

Ukuqala kwaba ngemva kwezikhathi zokulotshwa Soviet emlandweni eMoscow

Njengoba yaziwa, iSoviet Union iwa ngo-1991, futhi kumephu sezwe sezombangazwe sengathi Russian Federation, noma njengoba ngaphezulu owaziwa ngalo emhlabeni, eRussia. Moscow yaba inhloko-dolobha isimo sikahulumeni nge insimu ebanzi kakhulu emhlabeni, ehlanganisa 85 Izikhonzi. Ngo-1995, it sivunyiwe izimpawu ezinjalo entsha esemthethweni inhlokodolobha Russian njengoba phansi ifulegi layo njengophawu, isibonakaliso neculo lesizwe.

Ngaphambili, ukubuyiselwa LikaKristu UMsindisi yasha ngu amaBolshevik, kanye nezinye izindawo zokukhulekela zenkolo abhidlizwa ngesikhathi kulokhu kuvukela. Ngakho, eMoscow yesimanje waqala ukwakha, esekelwe emasikweni eminyaka adlule.

Eliphawuleka kakhulu entsha izakhiwo yezakhiwo inhlokodolobha

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-kowezi-2000, namabhilidi eziningi zishintshile ukubonakala emzini lakhiwa eMoscow. Phakathi kwalezi izinto ivelele isakhiwo we-International Business Centre "Yedolobha YaseMoscow", okusho zitholakala endaweni endaweni ingqikithi 100 amahektha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, yayakhiwe nezinye namabhilidi senzelwe izindlu kanye namahhovisi. Ngakho, eMoscow lwanamuhla kancane kancane siguqulelwa edolobheni, lapho ephezulu liphumele izakhiwo, imibhoshongo yamakhambi ingilazi nokhonkolo Awuselona rarity. Nokho, izakhiwo ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi "wakhula" ezindaweni mlando kanye konakalisa ukubukeka kwabo, njengoba azivumelani ezungezile landscape zasemadolobheni. Ngenhlanhla, ngo-2008, indlela ukwakhiwa ngokuthi "ukuthuthukiswa infill", wavalwa.

ezikhumbuzo okusha yenhloko-dolobha

Kule minyaka emibili ezikhangayo emashumini piggy eMoscow agcwaliswa izikhumbuzo amaningi amasha futhi turobektov. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba ebaziwe "Izingane - izisulu wemikhuba omdala" ezithakazelisayo. Futhi izivakashi komuzi kuwufanele bebona ekumeni sculptural amaqhawe izindaba by Conan Doyle, lesikhumbuzo Nikulin, Fountain "Pushkin futhi Natalie", Luzhkov Ibhuloho. Futhi-ke, ingasaphathwa lesikhumbuzo elikhulu ukuba uPeter Omkhulu, ngubani, naphezu ezingqubuzanayo ukubukwa mayelana inani layo kwezobuciko, isibe omunye ezikhangayo liyabonakala eziningi zalezi zinsuku, inhloko-dolobha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele nakanjani ukubona lesikhumbuzo ukuze heroes kweMpi Yezwe I, owasungulwa ngo-2014.

Kulesi sihloko, uthola nolwazi oluyisisekelo nge-Moscow, umlando nezinto zalo ezihehayo yesimanje. Lo muzi uyaziqhenya yeRussia. It wonke umuntu kufanele aqiniseke ukuba sibone ngamehlo abo.