I Izikali eyinhloko yomsebenzi wezomnotho

Kwezomnotho, ungathola into enjalo njengoba isilinganiso umsebenti wetemnotfo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kuqala siyathola ukuthi ukufunda ezomnotho. Njengoba emkhakheni wokuphila yomphakathi , abaningi bazi wakhe, ukuthi iyini inkambo. Sizokhuluma nalesi sifundo njengendlela isiyalo ngokwesayensi.

Umsuka wegama umqondo wezomnotho njengoba isayensi

Kwakubonakala esikhathini eside esidlule, ezikhathini zasendulo. Ngokokuqala ngqá ngaye ukhuluma usosayensi yamaGreki asendulo Xenophon ekhulwini 5th. BC yezazi zasendulo imali kulo mqondo indlela izindlu. Lokhu kuyaqondakala. Cishe wonke umnotho ngomqondo LamaGreki lizisho lalinabashumayeli osomabhizinisi abancane kanye abahwebi. Ababazi, abalimi, abakhi. Zazingekho izinkampani ezinkulu zomphakathi eMpumalanga. Lokhu kungenxa sezulu onomoya kanye nokuntuleka isidingo sokuhlanganisa imisebenzi ngenkasa (eningizimu) noma wokuhlanza (enyakatho). Umnotho of lonke izwe wayegcwele zitolo abancane. A uhlobo osomabhizinisi abancane besikhathi sethu. abahwebi okunjalo futhi zitolo kukhona Izikali eyinhloko yomsebenzi wezomnotho ngaleso sikhathi.

Ezomnotho njengoba isayensi namuhla

Umnotho wanamuhla kuhlukile, nezinkampani enamandla YeSizwe kanye nezimboni. Ngesikhathi sigaba samanje kwale sayensi wehlukaniswa iziqephu ku Macroeconomics, Microeconomics, kanye nezwe.

Kuyini Microeconomics

Le nkulumo kancane sifana incazelo yokuqala welithi "umnotho" eGrisi lasendulo. Okungukuthi, kuba isayensi ukuthi etadisha ziyizinto ezihlukile kwezomnotho, ubudlelwano babo, izinkinga, njll Ngamanye amazwi, amabhizinisi azimele ngaphakathi sphere nezomnotho kuleli zwe. Ubunzima umthetho, ubudlelwano nomunye futhi isimo.

Macroeconomics

Umqondo ebanzi. It etadisha umnotho baliklasi lonkhe sphere zokuphila emphakathini. Izinkinga zobumpofu, emakethe yezabasebenzi iyonke. It is lisetshenziswe Macroeconomics Izikali main umsebenti wetemnotfo. Ziyakwazi kudingekile-akhawunti egcwele isimo somnotho esifundeni.

Izikali umsebenti wetemnotfo. isayensi Social njengoba Yiqiniso esikoleni

Inani yomsebenzi wezomnotho ukunikeza umbono ophelele inqubo lokukhiqiza, ukusabalalisa kanye ukusetshenziswa emnothweni.

Ngokwesibonelo, ake sithi kwezolimo. I Izikali eyinhloko yomsebenzi wezomnotho irekhodi inani ubisi. Ngonyaka ka-2010, izwe ekhiqizwa amathani ayizigidi ezingu-500 kulo mkhiqizo (figure esithathwayo njengesibonelo futhi akuyona inkomba konyaka yalo mkhiqizo). Futhi ngonyaka ozayo, osomnotho ukubika ukuthi ukwehla lokwaba ngemaphesenti lali-20. Lesi isibonelo izinkomba izinga, okungase ahlaziye yonke isimo somnotho ekukhiqizeni ubisi. Ngokulandelayo, ukuzwisisa ukuthi ziyini izimbangela kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise iconsi abukhali ezinjalo.

I Izikali eyinhloko yomsebenzi wezomnotho yilezi:

• Gross umkhiqizo kazwelonke (GNP).
• I-Gross Domestic Product (GDP).

Izikali umsebenti wetemnotfo. Umqondo we-GDP

Gross womkhiqizo wakuleli - ngezinga elithile isamba intengo emakethe imikhiqizo yokugcina ngaphakathi ezweni. Kusho ukuthini? Thatha ukukhiqizwa imoto njengesibonelo. Zakhiwa izingxenye eziningi nemikhulu. Amasondo, izinjini, ekhiqizwa Izimboni ezahlukene. Uma lezi amayunithi zimi izingxenye ezisele emakethe, afakiwe nase omkhiqizo. Kodwa uma kwenye imboni futhi zenziwa ngomumo imoto ke value abo kulesi sibalo akubandakanyi, njengoba e izindleko zokugcina yentengo imishini nikubeke ezinhliziyweni zenu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "umkhiqizo wokugcina", okusho lowo oza emakethe ngomumo eyenziwe. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi eyayenziwe overestimated lezi izinkomba umnqopho.

Ungathola into ezifana GDP lengenako. Kuyinto lutho kodwa isamba sazo zonke izimpahla lokugcina ekhiqizwa ihlukaniswe ngenani abakhileyo kuleli zwe. Kodwa ngephutha sikholelwe ukuthi lapho izibalo ngaphezulu zingcono. Izinga lokuphila kunqunywa namanye amadivayisi wokulinganisa. Ukuntuleka kwemisebenzi, amaholo isilinganiso kanye izimpesheni kwamanani zokungabi eziyisisekelo umthengi kubhasikidi (iqoqo imikhiqizo ezidingekayo ukuze siphile).

Gross umkhiqizo kazwelonke (GNP)

Izikali yomsebenzi wezomnotho, ezifana GNP zibalo zihlanganisa inani imikhiqizo yokugcina kokubili wakuleli nakwamanye amazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, e Kazakhstan inkampani isebenza, bhalisiwe e-Russia. It njalo okhokhela zonke izintela zendawo, isivumelwano sabo sokuqasha, kodwa engenayo kusuka kule ibhizinisi kukhonjelwe izintela Russian. Ngakho-ke lezi zibalo ukukhiqizwa ibhizinisi acabangele izibalo GDP, kepha ungacabangi GDP. Kuyinto umqondo ebanzi. Linani lonkhe umkhiqizo kazwelonke isivele kweSamba soMkhiqizo plus inani imikhiqizo yokugcina ngaphandle isimo.

On isimo macroeconomic kuleli zwe ukhuluma xaxa kweSamba womkhiqizo wakuleli (GDP) kunokuba okwedlulele umkhiqizo kazwelonke (GNP). Njengoba imisebenzi lokuqala ozimele, lizinga ukukhiqizwa kuleli zwe, futhi kungakho isimo sezomnotho nezombangazwe evumayo. Kodwa-GDP yisikali sokuthi isabelomali engenayo.

Kukhona ezingeni yangempela futhi ezingeni okuzisholo ukusebenza kwezomnotho. Kubalulekile namuhla ezweni lethu. GDP, isibonelo, kulinganiswa in ruble, kodwa lesi sibalo langempela ikhombisa lwemali. Wokufunda lo mqondo. Izinga GDP ngonyaka, isibonelo, ama-ruble angu-1 million. Ngo zamadola, leli nani kuyinto ayizinkulungwane 35. Ngonyaka olandelayo, i-GDP lakhuphuka lafika ku-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-1,5. ukukhula ngama - ngamaphesenti angu-50. Kodwa ngenxa ukwehla kwamandla kazwelonke e dollar imigomo ukukhula - amaphesenti 1 nje - izinkulungwane 38 zamaRandi .. Lena isibonelo esivelele yizinkomba zezomnotho zokukhwabanisa.