Charter - idokhumenti yezomthetho

NgokoMthetho Dictionary, Charter - idokhumenti noma uchungechunge amadokhumenti wezomthetho, okuyinto ukuveza okufunwa amalungelo kwezakhi nomphakathi. Amakhophi okuqala lezi amaphepha uvele Ephakathi.

Kwenzeka kanjani ukuba la Magna Carta?

Emakhulwini eminyaka ngaphambi bamakoloni zaseMelika zaqala ukulwa umqhele British, izikhulu IsiZulu wenza eziningi imithetho ukuze anciphise amandla indela ezingomashiqela - King Dzhona Bezzemelnogo. Magna Carta, noma Charter Omkhulu, ungene ngemvume 1215, ekuqaleni enikeziwe amalungelo into yomntakabani. Kamuva osekelwe kuyo Iye yaba khona imithetho eminingi ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe, ezihlala isikhashana ukuqinisekisa wamalungelo eziyisisekelo. Magna Carta, it is ngokomlando kungase kutholakale abuqede kobugqila uhulumeni, okuyiwona usuku ngemvume ke ziwumthwalo izibopho ezithile ngaphansi komthetho.

Inkosi uJohane wahlakulela ubuhlobo nzima nge uPapa Innocent III, owayeyilungu sibalo impikiswano futhi zifuna ukuba isithunzi esiphezulu phakathi mithi European. Ukulandela ukuqashwa kukaNksz Stefana Lengtona yokuma uMbhishobhi Omkhulu waseCanterbury e 1207, Korol Dzhon Lackland baba le nkosi yokuqala ngubani waxoshwa esontweni. Besabela kuleso simemo, umbusi waqala bazokhokhisa izintela abefundisi namazwe isonto ekhethiwe. Ngisho kancane ethandwa nkosi ukuthi phakathi kwezicebi, yena yabekwa intela kakhulu ukuze sivale lapho sisilela ukunqotshwa yawo yezempi. Ngo 1214, Korol Dzhon wazama anqobe France, futhi ngemva komzamo ongaphumelelanga ukuze ngaphambilini izikhulu isiZulu, ukuze ngikhokhele izindleko ngenxa yempi, okwabangela isiphithiphithi ngo-1215.

isihloko baronial

Ukuze uqede ukweqisa yenkosi, Langton futhi kwezicebi edlubulundayo iqembu co-wadala "izihloko baronial", kamuva elaba Magna Carta. Sesaba ukuthi ukuvukela itawukhula ibe yombango, John waphoqeleka ukuba avume awakwenzayo Juni 15, 1215, okwenza i-Magna Carta elilotshiwe umthethosisekelo zokuqala zaseYurophu. Nokho, ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa, uPapa Innocent III, lezo kakade okwase esungulwe ubuhlobo kanye noJohane, yachitha Magna. Le nzondo kuvuselelwe phakathi kwamakhosi kanye izikhulu, kodwa ukuba semthethweni yomthethosisekelo lokuqala kuqhutshwe ngemva kokufa kwenkosi.

Kuyinto Magna Carta Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, liphefumulelwe bamakoloni American ukumemezela ekubusweni iBrithani, futhi cishe ingxenye yesithathu yabantu imithetho soMqulu wamaLungelo lathathwa Charter. Kukhona amakhophi Magna Carta 4 kuphela, okuyizinto Salisbury Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral kanye nayo iBritish Museum.

I-European Charter

Lena uchungechunge izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, okuyinto yamukelwa uMkhandlu WaseYurophu ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu amalungelo enhlalo inkululeko, futhi isandiso okunengqondo futhi umphelelisi EMhlanganweni Yamalungelo Abantu.

Umqulu European sasayinwa ngo-1961, nakuba amandla, kwathi ngemva kweminyaka emine kuphela, ngo-1965. Emashumini eminyaka kamuva, ngo-okuqukethwe idokhumenti wenza eziningi anezele kanye nezinguquko.

Imithetho ebekwe kulesi siVumelwano European, kubalulekile kusukela iphuzu lomthetho umbono, lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako kuzinqubomgomo nomphakathi wabo bonke ezisisayinile. Lawa mazwe kufanele isiqinisekiso izakhamuzi zayo futhi abantu abangekho ngaphansi kwendawo amalungelo okuhambisanayo nenkululeko.

Nokho, States abangene ngemvume Charter European, akudingekile ukuba Ukuqapha ukuqaliswa kokusebenza zonke izinhlinzeko zalo imibhalo. Abakwazi ngokukhetha ukucacisa amalungelo nenkululeko yezakhamizi zakuleliya lizwe njengoba ngokuhambisana nomthetho walo. Lawa mazwe ngempela uyavumelana ne 6 9 izihloko wadala, nabo banelungelo lokwenqaba ukuya ukwenza lezo zinto, ukuqaliswa okuyinto akunakwenzeka ngabo.

I-Olympic Charter

Lona mbhalo main olulawula imisebenzi iKomiti-Olympic. Ekhulwini XIX, ubuhlobo phakathi kwemibuso emkhakheni wezemidlalo aseqalile ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa. amakomiti ehlukene obhekene izinhlobo ezahlukene izenzakalo ziye zadalwa. Kancane kancane, kwanqunywa ukuba babuthane ikomidi ukuthi ngabe lokulawula kwamaZwe emkhakheni wezemidlalo, futhi yena, wanquma ukwenza Charter-Olympic. It Leso kwaba yisikhathi soshintsho lonke izwe.

Lo mbhalo ulawula konke ukwenzani ezindaweni ezahlukene kakhulu ezemidlalo nokubambisana phakathi kwalawa mazwe. Lapha sichaza imithetho Imidlalo yama-Olympic, kuhlanganise izici yenhlangano, iqhaza, isakhiwo kanye nenqubo ukudalwa izinhlelo. Le ncwadi ibeka imithetho elawula imisebenzi ye ukulamula umbango, nokunye okuningi.

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Umlando uyazi eziningi neziqondiso, okuyinto ngandlela-thile isimo sabantu. Charter, ezichazwe ngenhla, futhi babe ebaluleke kakhulu le mibhalo, futhi sibonga kubo, ikakhulukazi i-Magna Carta, bonke abantu bakhululekile namuhla.