Zionists - ngubani? Yini luwumgogodla Zionism?

Zionists - ngubani? Asivume. Kuziwa igama elithi "Zionism" kusuka egameni eNtabeni iZiyoni. It sasifanekisela Israyeli, neJerusalema. Zionism kuyinto amafilosofi okusibonisa ukuhahela izinto ezweni lenkaba zomlando ubani wokudingiswa abantu bamaJuda. Lokhu enhlangano yezombusazwe uzobe okuxoxwe ngazo kulesi sihloko.

Lapho umqondo wazalwa, kwaba okuyinto ngesisekelo Zionism?

Umqondo we-ukubuya eZiyoni wazalwa ngokunikeza amaJuda asendulo, ezinsukwini lapho baxoshwa Israyeli. kakhulu Umkhuba ukubuya kwakungekusha. Eminyakeni engaba ngu-2,500 edlule, abaHlakazekile waseBabiloni abantu bamaJuda emuva ezweni labo. Zionism Modern sekukhona ekhulwini le-19, ngakho-ke lokhu mkhuba akukhona yasungulwa, kodwa kuphela lwafikela ukunyakaza lasendulo kanye nomqondo ifomu yesimanje ihlelwe.

Ukudalulwa kokuhlomula 14 Meyi 1948 kwi ukwakheka uMbuso Wakwa-Israyeli luwumgogodla ukuhamba isithakazelo. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we uthi abantu bamaJuda kwavela Israyeli.

kwamiswa umfanekiso waso ngokuqondene nezombusazwe, inkolo kanye ngokomoya lapha. Abantu, ngokuvumelana isimemezelo, is ngenkani axoshwe ezweni lakubo.

Ukuhlobana phakathi abantu bamaJuda no-Israyeli

Siyaqhubeka sicabangele lo mbuzo: "? I Zionists - ngubani?" Kuyinto engenakwenzeka ukuqonda izithakazelo ukunyakaza yethu ngaphandle ukucacisa izibopho ezikhona zomlando phakathi Israyeli futhi abantu bamaJuda. Kwakubonakala cishe izinkulungwane 4. Eminyakeni eminingi edlule lapho u-Abrahama bazinza endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi u-Israyeli. UMose kwele-13 BC. e. Wayehola uphumo lwamaJuda esuka eGibhithe, UJoshuwa wawathumba ngokweqashiso, phakathi 12 zakwa-Israyeli ezweni. Emakhulwini eminyaka 10-11. BC. e., ngenkathi ethempelini Okokuqala, lalibuswa amakhosi esifundazweni noSolomoni, uDavide noSawule. Israyeli e-486 BC. e. lathunjwa AbaseBhabhiloni, ababesebenzisa owabhubhisa iThempeli futhi abantu bamaJuda ingxenye enkulu iye sebethunjiwe. Ngaphansi kobuholi kaNehemiya neka-Ezra Kulo lelo khulu leminyaka, amaJuda abuyela ezweni labo futhi ivuselele ethempelini. Waqala kanjalo-ke ngenkathi iThempeli Lesibili. Yaphela ngokukhululwa sokunqotshwa kweJerusalema ngamaRoma futhi futhi kokubhujiswa kweThempeli ngo-70 CE.

wokuvukela kwamaJuda

Ngemva bamba samaJuda Israyeli, amaJuda amaningi wahlala. Babeka ukuba 132 ivukela amaRoma eholwa Ibha Kochba. Okwesikhashana yakwazi waphinda akha nombuso wamaJuda ezimele. It ngesihluku ukuyiveza kuvukela. Killed kwasekusithi Ngokwezazi-mlando, umumo wawo kungathi izinkulungwame 50. AmaJuda. Nokho, nangemva kwako eyalimala Israyeli zazisekhona amakhulu ezinkulungwane abantu bamaJuda.

Ngemva 4th ekhulwini BC. e. EGalile futhi umkhankaso kwaba nesiteleka esikhulu ekuhlaseleni ukubuswa amaRoma futhi waxoshwa mass yamaJuda Israyeli, base requisitioned ezweni labo. Ezweni ekhulwini 7th kwakukhona emphakathini wabo, okuyinto olunezinombolo abantu abayizigidi ezingu 1/4. Kulawa, amashumi ezinkulungwane basiza namaPheresiya ahlasela Israyeli e 614. Lokhu kuchazwe iqiniso lokuthi amaJuda lalinethemba kulesisizwe, kusukela namaPheresiya wabavumela ku 6th ekhulwini BC. e. ekuthunjweni eBhabhiloni ngo ezweni lakubo.

Esikhathini AD ngonyaka 638. e., ngemuva Muslim ukunqoba Arab, kwathiwa encibilika esizweni esincane zamaJuda wendawo. Lokhu kwenzeka ngo okuyingxenye ngenxa Islamization ophoqelelwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo eJerusalema isikhathi eside kwakukhona umphakathi kahle esikhulu samaJuda. Ukuthunjwa iJerusalema ngo 1099 i-Crusaders zibulawa, ogama abashonile kokubili namaSulumane namaJuda. Nokho, lapho ngokucijile ekunqabeni izakhamuzi eziningi kwa-Israyeli, abameleli lalolo hlanga is alikakangilahlekeli.

wezifiki notshwala

amalungu eqembu ngamunye noma ukunyakaza eziphathelene noMesiya kuyo yonke emlandweni ngezikhathi wabuya noma ezama ukungena Israyeli. Uma ukugeleza wezifiki ekhulwini le-17 kanye 19 eminyaka, okusho ukuthi ngaphambi kokuba ukuvela Zionism, kuholela yokuthi emphakathini wamaJuda eJerusalema ngo-1844, waba ngobukhulu phakathi neminye imiphakathi engokwenkolo. Kumele kuqashelwe futhi ukuthi amaza kufuduka Jewish zonke eminyakeni (kusukela 19 sekwephuzile futhi kulo lonke ikhulu lama-20) kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe a oqabukelayo, amancane ngosayizi futhi akuzona notshwala njengoba ehleliwe. kuthutha Zionist owaqala ngokuvukela ukuthuthela Israyeli palestinofilov, kanye namalungu ukunyakaza Bilu. Loku kwenteka nga-1882-1903, ngokulandelana. Ngemva kokusho lokhu, phakathi nalo lonke ikhulu lama-20 babe amagagasi entsha kuthutha, okuyinto ababenza Zionists. Bangobani, Lokho kuzokwenza uqonde lapho ezwa lokho kwaba Umqondo oyisisekelo Zionism.

Emaphakathi Umqondo wokuthi Zionism

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi le ukunyakaza usesikhundleni emaphakathi endaweni umqondo, owawuthi Israyeli ezweni lenkaba zangempela zomlando yamaJuda. Indawo kwamanye amazwe - ekudingisweni. Ubunikazi nge ukuxoshwa ukuphila ayeHlakazekile - emnyombweni ukuhamba umcabango, ngokuyisisekelo Zionism. Ngakho, lokhu kuhamba eveza uxhumano umlando wabantu wamaJuda Israyeli. Kodwa kuyangabazeka kakhulu ukuthi kuzokwenzeka ngaphandle yesimanje kwamaJuda futhi ushushiso ezikhathini zanamuhla AmaJuda yamukeleke, uma they hamba wedwa.

Zionism nokubandlululwa kwamaJuda

Okungukuthi, Zionism kubhekwe njengento yokusabela kuya kwamaJuda. Ungase futhi sikubheka njengempahla uhlobo ukunyakaza anti-wamakoloni, esibonakala bebelokhu ingcindezelo nokungabi ukubandlulula, ezimpini nokululazeka, okungukuthi isikhundla yomunye ongaphansi kwezinkolo ezincane uhulumeni.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela kulokhu ukuthi Zionism - enhlangano yezombusazwe, okuyinto impendulo yesimanje kwamaJuda. Nokho, kufanele kunakwe ngesikhathi esifanayo kwamakhulu eminyaka ukushushiswa kwamaJuda. Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa laligujwa eYurophu isikhathi eside. Kaninginingi, abaHlakazekile European ngaphansi ukubulawa nokushushiswa ngokwenkolo, ngokwenhlalo, lesi sinqumo ngezizathu zezomnotho, kanye zobuhlanga nezobuzwe. EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani amaJuda besendleleni eya eZweni Elingcwele (11-12 ekhulwini) usike Crusaders wabulawa emihlambini ngesikhathi ubhubhane Inhlupho ngekhulu le-14 babekwa icala ubuthi emithonjeni, ngenkathi iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki ashiswa esigxotsheni Spain (ekhulwini le-15), baba izisulu uyaca massacre yi Cossacks e-Ukraine Khmelnitsky (ekhulwini le-17). njengoba amakhulu ezinkulungwane amabutho Petliura futhi Denikin babulawa, isusa Zionism empini yombango Russian. Isithombe ngezansi, anikezelwe lezi zenzakalo.

Ngemva kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, isimo saba inhlekelele. Kwabe sekufika umbulali usuka eJalimane, lapho amaJuda ngikhiphile azame iningi nokwenziwa.

Laba bantu kuwo wonke umlando axoshwe cishe wonke amazwe aseYurophu: eFrance, eJalimane, eSpain, ePortugal, eNgilandi, Lithuania neRussia. Zonke lezi zinkinga basuke enqwabelanisa amakhulu eminyaka, futhi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, amaJuda ithemba ushintsho ekuphileni kwakhe.

Uba kanjani abaholi Zionist bale nhlangano?

Umlando Zionism ebonisa ukuthi abaholi ukunyakaza Zionist waphenduka ngokuvamile bawalandele sinqwamana nabantu kwamaJuda. Kwenzeka uMose Gesom ngubani washaqeka ngo-1840, ukuhlasela abanyundelayo abahlala amaJuda eDamaseku. Kwenzeka nge Leonom Pinskerom, okwathi ngemva kokubulawa u-Alexander II (1881-1882) washaywa uchungechunge ezimpini, futhi Theodor Herzl (isithombe kukhonjisiwe ngezansi), lowo njengofakazi, intatheli e-Paris wafakaza umkhankaso anti-lwamaSemite, umkhankaso ngo-1896 maqondana Dreyfus nomakhwapheni.

Okuphokophelwe yi-Zionists

Ngakho, ukuhamba Zionist injongo yayo eyinhloko okufanele icatshangelwe isinqumo we "inkinga yamaJuda." Abalandeli bakhe bebona lokho njengoba abantu olungenakuzisiza, inkinga ezincane kazwelonke, ongenayo ikhaya lakhe futhi ifa lingenxa - ushushiso ezimpini. Ngakho, siye waphendula lo mbuzo: "? I Zionists - ngubani?" Siphawula eyodwa ethakazelisayo, okuyinto sekushiwo.

Ubandlululo kanye amagagasi emnyango wabavela kwamanye amazwe

Kunokuxhumana okukhulu phakathi Zionism futhi Ukushushiswa amaJuda ngomqondo wokuthi iningi amagagasi enkulu kwamanye amazwe ukuze Israyeli uye walandela lokubulala ukubandlulula kanye ayeHlakazekile njalo. Ngokwesibonelo, Aliyah Okokuqala kwandulelwe ukugunyazwa okwenziwe engu-80 nele-19 ezimpini ekhulwini eRussia. I kwesibili kwaqala ngemva uchungechunge ezimpini e Belarus ne-Ukraine ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Eyesithathu kwakungu impendulo amabutho ukubulala amaJuda Denikin futhi Petlyura kule impi yombango. Njengoba Zionism sekukhona eRussia. Okwesine Aliyah owavela emva kweminyaka engamakhulu 20 abavela ePoland, kulandele ukwamukelwa komthetho ngokumelene namaJuda kwezamabhizinisi. Eminyakeni engu-30, Omkhulu Wesihlanu Aliyah, bavelaphi Austria naseJalimane ukubalekela ubudlova amaNazi, nokunye. D.

isiphetho

Izinhloso nezenzo Zionists, Ngakho-ke, bakhuthalela ikakhulukazi umsebenzi wokubuyisela ubulungiswa zomlando. Lena akuyona ngokohlanga, ngoba lo mbono akusho postulate ukuphakama abantu omunye phezu komunye, kanye ukuba khona abantu abakhethiwe, noma "uhlanga olulodwa oluhlanzekile '. Kunjalo nje ngeke futhi abhekwe njengendoda ukunyakaza wobunxiwankulu ka Zionism emhlabeni, njengoba bahlanganyela wonke amakilasi futhi kwezakhi sabantu. Umhlahlandlela kuye empeleni ezaziyikho ikakhulu abantu imisuka wobunxiwankulu. Nokho, kungaba okufanayo kushiwo okufanayo ngezinye ukunyakaza yezinguquko, kuhlanganise yobuKhomanisi sezenhlalo. Zionism akuyona "esikhohlisayo" imfundiso yokuthi ikhuthaza amaJuda ukuthuthela kwa-Israel. Sebecela ukumbuyisela kuphela labo ukwabelana umbono Zionist isiphetho nomlando walo isizwe.