Liberal - a freethinker

Ngamagama zezombusazwe, kukhona amazwi amaningi, amagugu zazo abaningi ayiqondakali ngokuphelele. Lokhu ixhunyiwe nezinguquko njalo isimo umbuso, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi umbusi omusha uziphatha ngokungakhethi zonke ngendlela yabo, futhi amaqiniso amaningi zomlando. Kulesi sihloko sizozama ukuthola ukuthi kunani liberalism, iziphi nabameleli bayo futhi yini imibono yabantu abanamathela kuzo.

Ngakho ovulekile - ngokuyinhloko svobodnomyslyaschih indoda freethinker. Kukholakala ukuthi Liberals kweqiniso afakwa ukuzitika ngokweqile, bona njalo ashalazele amaqiniso amaningi eziphikisanayo, Akwamukelekile lezi izici ngokwabo. Okokuqala, liberalism kuyinto mkhuba zezombusazwe, okubandakanya inkululeko yokukhuluma, izenzo zawo wonke umuntu emnothweni kanye nezinye imikhakha yempilo.

Liberals kuhulumeni

Esikhathini kusuka 16 kuya ekhulwini le-18, yaqala Yurophu phakathi liberalism ngokuthi. Ingqikithi Its ukuthi abameleli onxiwankulu waqala ukuba zitshele lo ukuqedwa amandla aphelele, esihlinzeka iSonto LamaKatolika, kunalokho ukufinyelela inkululeko egcwele isinyathelo zonke izakhamuzi. Okokuqala, le nkululeko iphathelene emkhakheni umnotho kanye ukuhweba. Ukuze ngokukhululekile ukuqhuba ibhizinisi labo, ukuveza imibono yabo siqu kunanyana ngibuphi ubujamo okibo - ukuthi imodeli ekahle isimo maqondana okuyinto wonke ovulekile. Nokho, lokhu kwaba imibono ye stratum wobunxiwankulu emphakathini ongazange wathola tekwesekela lokwenele kubantu abavamile yeYurophu.

Kunalabo iminyaka lapho liberalism yaba isikhungo esiyinhloko mkhuba zezombusazwe ezifundeni eziningi. I zezimbali le qembu inkathi French Revolution. Khona-ke zonke ovulekile - ke sasimelele lomkhaya ocebile - siswele kuphela inkululeko olukhawula ngokuphelele ngokomoya. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi muntu, efana MJ Lafayette, O. Mirabeau, kanye girondins futhi Feuillant wathola esikhathini esithile izandla zabo apharathasi isimo, nabo iziqubulo mayelana inkululeko yaphenduka okuthile anti-yeningi. omele Ngamunye uhlobo wobunxiwankulu ka "wadonsa ingubo phezu kwakhe," nje ukuxazulula izinkinga zabo futhi sicime izidingo zabo.

Liberals eRussia

Abameleli beNdikimba liberalism French yabonisa lulodwa onesandla phambili, kodwa imibhalo yabo, iziqubulo futhi uthi ilungelo impilo engcono wahlala imemori zabantu futhi ephepheni. Kuyinto kule mithombo babé umfutho esiyinhloko ukuvela khulula-ongqondongqondo eMbusweni Russian. Yiqiniso, wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ovulekile Russian - a Decembrist futhi yimiphi nabalandeli babo. Ngo-1825 bona eyayenziwa ngesikhathi iSigele Square lokuketula uMbusi. Asinakusho kulokho angahlubula isimo sethu, uma ubungako abantu asekelwe kubo, kodwa lokhu ngeke kwenzeke lokhu, futhi abaningi amavukelambuso babulawa.

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, KwamaBolshevik Party wahola umzabalazo esebenzayo ngazo zonke izinhlobo inkululeko yokukhuluma kanye umphakathi ovulekile. Sonke siyazi ukuthi eSoviet Union kwakungelona yomthengisi, noma amabhizinisi angasese noma ukuhweba khulula. Abantu babengavunyelwe ngisho ushiye imingcele isimo lwakubo, ukubona izwe.