Malvinas: umlando. Ingxabano phezu Malvinas Islands

Malvinas - kuyinto qoqo leziqhingi ezincane elise eseNingizimu Atlantic Ocean. Siqukethe 2 izingcezu ezinkulu futhi eziningi ezincane, okuyinto abale cishe 776. Le ndawo zonke ndawonye ezindaweni kuyinto 12 eziyinkulungwane. ^Km2. Falklands - owesibini, igama evame kakhulu, okuthiwa Malvinas Islands. I izixhumanisi indawo zonke kuleli qoqo leziqhingi - 51,75 ° S. w. Of 59 °. d. Umlando waleli ekhoneni kancane ipharadesi lonakaliswe zivela ngalesikhathi umzabalazo phakathi kwamazwe amabili ukuthi ozama uvikelekile endaweni emva kwakhe.

Umlando umsuka ukungqubuzana

XVI ekhulwini kwaphawulwa kuvulwa sebuningini esezindaweni ezabe yayingaziwa nhlobo. Malvinas Islands nabo bayajabula. Impikiswano owathola yabo futhi ihlala kuze kube manje. Argentina ephikelela yokuthi umLungu wokuqala setha unyawo ngonyawo zazo endaweni umhlaba, baba Spanish itilosi Esteban Gomez, futhi kwenzeka 1520. Kodwa eBrithani ithi kwatholakala kuphela ngo-1592 ngu-waseBrithani uJohn Dejvice. Umlando usitshela ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-200 ikampu Spanish wawusegunjini endaweni zonke kuleli qoqo leziqhingi. Ie Malvinas Islands beniyingxenye Spain. Kodwa ngo-1810 e-Argentina ezamenyezelwa ukuzimela, futhi impi Sasuka la mazwe ekhaya. izenzakalo ezinjalo esebenzayo e-Argentina uholé yokuthi mayelana qoqo leziqhingi Falkland nje selikhohliwe. iminyaka eyishumi kuphela kamuva induna Dzhyuetom nge ihlukane ka-Marine efika futhi yamemezela amalungelo isimo sabo kule nsimu.

sokusabalalisa okunjalo kwamandla eyathatha iminyaka engu-12. Kodwa uhambo amabutho asolwandle aseBrithani efika kulesi siqhingi ekhiqizwa inguqula-mbuso, subordinating esiqhingini Malvinas Enkulu YaseBrithani. Argentina ngaleso sikhathi kwaba namanje isizwe abasha wafaka ukuba akwazi ukuxosha abahlaseli kuhlulekile. Kodwa futhi ukuze uthumele ingxenye yezwe labo ngekutimisela kwelinye izwe, ibuye ngeke. Ngakho, le mpi phezu Malvinas Islands Kuvezwe ngenxa ekuthatheni indawo angaphandle ngu-England.

Ukucinga isikhathi izisombululo obunokuthula

Njengoba wazi, UK has kwelinye lamazwe ngobukhulu wamakoloni emhlabeni. Kodwa eminyakeni engu-60 ngekhulu leminyaka lamashumi amabili, uhlelo iphahlazeka. Argentina, sibambe isimo futhi wazama ukuba bathole amandla kabusha phezu Falklands ngokusebenzisa zezombusazwe. Ngakho, kulesi siqhingi, kwakubikwa airfield futhi ucingo ngalesi sikhathi. Iningi UN oyilungu asekelwe lolu hlelo. Kodwa-England wayengafuni ukunikeza insimu noma yimiphi imigomo. Phela, wayengabuzi nje isiqephu sezwe, lapho itholakala ngempela kude ingxenye eyinhloko isimo. AmaNgisi abangu abanesifiso ezifakwa kwemithombo yemvelo efana uwoyela negesi. Esinye isizathu ukuthi eBrithani kwaba cishe esinakho ekubambeni zasolwandle crustacean - krill bese wabelana nomuntu kwakungenjalo.

Kwabe sekuthi ngo-amandla e-UK kwaziwa yibo bonke Iron Lady uMargaret Thatcher. Ukuba waqala yalwa Argentina, uye waqinisa isikhundla salo amandla. Malvinas (Falkland) Islands wanikwa indawo ekhethekile inqubomgomo ukubuyela England isimo isimo enkulu.

izinzuzo Argentina lempi

England siphikisana Argentina phezu Falkland Islands (Malvinas) yayinenzuzo hhayi kuphela wokuqala babo. Ngo-1981, i-Argentina wazibonela umbuso wezempi ashaqa amandla umashiqela Leopoldo Galtieri. Wamane ukuba azuze ukusekela abantu abavamile, futhi ukunqoba okusheshayo impi kancane ukuze kugcwaliseke nomgomo. Phela, uma ebuyiselwa Malvinas, Argentina sasiyobonisa izwe ukuthi isimo futhi bekwazi.

Ukugqashuka kwempi

Jikelele Leopoldo Galtieri phathelana kahle okulungiselelwe operation ukubuya kuleli qoqo leziqhingi. Kwanqunywa ukuba igama yokudumisa womkhumbi induna Dzhyueta - ". Rosario" Ekuqaleni wayekhona ukuba 25 Meyi 1982. Lolu suku wakhethwa hhayi ithuba, kusukela ngalolo suku, Argentina kugujwa iholide yayo kazwelonke, okuyinto okwakumelwe bazimemezele njengoba ngoSuku Malvinas Islands kamuva. Kodwa phakathi kwababusi Argentinians sekungene imbuka futhi intelligence British wathola yonke idatha leli cebo. Impendulo izenzo ezinjalo phezu ingxenye yeNgilandi, kwaba ngwenya "Spartan", okuyinto wathunyelwa zizulazula amanzi yeNingizimu Atlantic. Lapho ngizwa ngalokhu, Leopoldo Galtieri wathutha ekuqaleni ngo-April 2, 1982 futhi ngalolo suku amabutho Argentina lawela phezu Malvinas futhi babhekana kalula neqembu elincane British.

England wathatha izenzo ezinzima, njengoba kukholakala ukuthi ubuhlungu izinzuzo zalo kazwelonke. Futhi walinda ukuze asekele emazweni onke we yezwekazi laseYurophu. Latin America, ngakolunye uhlangothi, kwaba ohlangothini Argentina, ngoba Malvinas (Falkland) Islands, ngokombono wabo, ke sekuyisikhathi eside isikhathi ukuba aqaphele amandla yezwe lenkaba yawo samanje. Kodwa France akathathanga esicacile kule mpi, ngoba kwakungeyona inzuzo bafulathele Argentina. Leli zwe ayithenga France zempi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-Republic of Peru njengoba ally Argentina abathengwé French anti-umkhumbi ezicitshwayo.

Ukubheka US kanye impi USSR

Kule mpi, iSoviet Union wakhe uzimisele ngokweseka Argentina imishini alo ezempi zokunciphisa emikhiqizweni ukudla amanani. Kodwa ngaleso sikhathi, i-Soviet Union wayebathukuthelele isimo kungalungiswanga zinqobe (impi e-Afghanistan). Ngakho-ke, zonke ukwesekwa ukuthi kwadingeka Argentina, obonakaliswe izinkulumo ezinde emihlanganweni UN. Mayelana umsebenzi sisuke ngisho ngemvume. Ngisho yokwelapha ukufa kwenzeke: eSoviet Union ngigeze izandla zakho wasuka ngokuphelele kusukela ukungqubuzana Anglo-Argentina.

I-United States, kunalokho, ku Sesithombe ongahlabeki umxhwele. Nakuba umengameli US uRonald Reagan, okwathi ngemva lokukholisa Defense uNgqongqoshe K. Weinberg esisekeliwe UK. US ngokushesha eziphoqelelwe unswinyo olubhekiswe Argentina. Futhi phezu UN Security Council of -United States, kanye Britain vetoed izwi lesinqumo phezu ukungqubuzana Falklands. ezimbili Lezi iinkhathi bavumile ngisho kungenzeka ifaka ingcindezi eSoviet Union, uma esithile sinquma ukungenela.

Active ezempi

Emva kokuthatha ukulawula lezi ziqhingi Britain ngokushesha wathumela elikhulu uxhumano asolwandle ensimini eyabuyiswa ngaphansi kwegunya le-British Umqhele. On 12 Apreli 1982 Uhulumeni waseBrithani wathatha ekuvinjezelweni Malvinas Islands. Le mpi yaba ngawo ugcwaliseka ngokugcwele. Defense uNobhala eBrithani sathi uma imikhumbi Argentina kungase kubonakale endaweni engaba 200 zamakhilomitha ukusuka kule ndawo, zizokwenziwa zibe ngokushesha waminza. Impendulo Action Argentina kwaba ukuvinjelwa ukusetshenziswa amasevisi ebhenki IsiZulu zakulelo lizwe.

Argentina Aviation futhi akakwazanga ukuthatha ngokwanele ukuba bahlanganyele ezempi, ikakhulukazi ekugcinweni ikampu futhi ukukulethela nazo zonke ezidingekayo. Lokhu kwenzeke ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi jet combat izindiza yayingenakuhlala evulekile ukuthi zaba khona kulesi siqhingi, njengoba kwakunjalo imfushane kakhulu.

Njengoba sisekelwa-United States, eBrithani ababekwazi ithuba ukusebenzisa kwabo enkanjini ku Ascension Island. Isisiza ukufinyelela ezindaweni ezikude. Apreli 25 British ethumba esiqhingini South Georgia, okuyinto phambilini obuwaziwa wayengaphansi kwegunya Argentina. Military lacela umaluju, wanika post yakhe ngaphandle kokulwa. Ngemva olwaqala esigabeni esisha yempi.

Isigaba isinyathelo yemikhumbi yempi emoyeni

Ngo-May 1, 1982 Falklands endaweni ingene shí empini ngokuphelele. izindiza British eyenziwa kokuseshwa Port UStanley Argentina ekuphenduleni izindiza wathumela ukuhlasela British imikhumbi. Ngakusasa kwaba khona umcimbi isibe Argentina nzima kakhulu yonke impi. U-isikebhe yacwila the impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu British lesitha, ngenxa ngokushona kwabantu abangu-323. Lokhu kwaba isizathu ukuthi imikhumbi Argentina wasuka emuva ogwini ezweni lenkaba yakhe. babambe iqhaza elikhudlwana ubutha bengalamukeli.

Argentina wazithola esesimweni esinzima, futhi sethemba luhlala kuphela zezindiza. Ngesikhathi esifanayo phezu imikhumbi British ugumbuqelwe ephelelwe yisikhathi khulula-falling amabhomu, okuyinto ezimweni eziningi ngisho ngobugebengu.

Kodwa futhi ohlangothini British kwadingeka ngokulahlekelwa washaqeka lonke lelo zwe. Meyi 4 anti-umkhumbi nangomcibisholo, uyakhululwa France, kakhulu yayiklaba omunye baphangi-United Kingdom. Lokhu kwaba isizathu kucwila yayo. Kodwa ezicitshwayo enjalo ngaleso sikhathi, Argentina kwadingeka emihlanu kuphela, okwaholela Ukuwohloka ngokushesha isitokwe.

Sokuthula sangaphambi kwesivunguvungu

Lokho ukufohla lempi Argentina kwaholela amasonto amabili kuzolile. Yiqiniso, lokhu kuhilizisana baqhubeka, kodwa babembalwa. Lezi zihlanganisa operation lempi yaseBrithani ukubhubhisa 11 izindiza Argentina ku Pebble Island. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-UN ophoqa amaqembu ukuqeda impi futhi nezingxoxo ngokuthula. Kodwa akekho owayefuna ukuba siyeke phansi. Argentina, esikhundleni salokho, wanquma ukuba baphendule lo unswinyo kwamanye amazwe ngokumelene nalo. Yena wangenqabela fly izakhamuzi zabo emazweni eziye zamukela antiargentinskie unswinyo.

umhlaba impi

England babelungiselela Marines yabo ukuyohlala iziqhingi. Kwathi ebusuku kusuka 21 kuya 22 May. Ukufika senzeka e San Carlos bay, lapho lokhu akuzange kulindeleke nhlobo. Argentina ukumelana wayebuthakathaka, kodwa ngakusasa isimo sesishintshile. Air Argentina amabutho ahlasela imikhumbi abangu eboshelwe bay.

May 25 omunye izindiza wadubula phansi umkhumbi British ibithwele ezinophephela emhlane. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa lagxila. Izwe squad British uye lithathiwe enendawo eqinile kulesi siqhingi. 28 Meyi endaweni lamalokishi Goose nrnam Darwin uhlaselwe ikampu Argentina, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi ngemva kwempi kanzima kakhulu, waphoqwa ukuba ashona.

Juni 12 nge ukulahlekelwa esindayo amabutho British matasa ngaphambilini kulawulwa Argentina engamamitha Tu-Sisters, Mount uHarriet futhi Moonies, Longdon. On 14 Juni kanye nazo zonke ezinye zinobude babe amasosha kuncike of England.

amabutho British futhi baye ukuzovala idolobha Argentina ka Stanley. Umyalo wayeqonda ukuthi ukubasiza akunamuntu owayezofika, ngakho-June 14, badela umzabalazo futhi yazinikela. Falkland Islands zabuye wabuyisela ngaphansi kokulawula Great Britain. Usuku esemthethweni ekupheleni kwempi, kubhekwe ngoJuni 20. Ngalolu suku, i-British matasa South Sandwich Islands.

Britain isikhashana akakungenisanga Argentina 600 ekuthunjweni ngomzamo lokuxhaphaza izwe lenkaba yabo ukuze asayine ngcono ukuthula sivumelwano.

ukulahlekelwa amaqembu

Phakathi empini ngosuku-74 e-Argentina elahlekile abantu 649, omunye impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu, umkhumbi, i-gunboat, kwafika imikhumbi emine, ukudoba Isikebhe sokudoba 22 kuhlasela izindiza, 11 bomlilo, mayelana 100 izindiza nezindiza ezinophephela emhlane. In ekuthunjweni ayizinkulungwane 11. Man likhishiwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, resonance laliwukuthi ngemva kokuba umuntu empini lalahleka amasosha 3 ngaphezulu ekuthunjweni waseBrithani.

United Kingdom kule mpi elahlekile abantu 258, frigates ezimbili, kubabulali amabili, elilodwa, umkhumbi owodwa lokubikezela, craft lokubikezela, enophephela emhlane, kanti 34 izindiza.

Isigaba samanje ukungqubuzana

Ngemva kwempi, uju ezilwayo amazwe ayizange usayine isivumelwano esisemthethweni. Kuphela ngonyaka 90 ka enobudlelwane Kwamiswa futhi. Eminyakeni yamuva, ingxabano kwashesha futhi. Isizathu salokhu kwaba yokufuna a senkampani imvume uwoyela emhlabeni Malvinas Islands. Argentina kuqhathaniswa eziyimbangela yalokhu, ngoba amafutha akhiphe empeleni ziyoba ngasogwini isimo.

Argentina waphendula futhi umthetho 16 Februwari 2010, okuyinto ithi ukubhukuda ibanga km 500 ukusuka ogwini yezwe Unelungelo kuphela labo emikhunjini eziye wathola imvume yokwenza kanjalo. Kodwa lokho akuzange kuwumise saseBrithani, futhi platform umkhiqizo kawoyela wamiswa ngoFebhuwari 21.

Ngo-2013, umphakathi seliphinde ungenisa ukunakekela Malvinas Islands. Inhlolovo, okwakuyoholela ukucacisa ubulungu yezwe, wawuzoqhutshwa 10 no-11 Mashi. Izakhamuzi nethuba lokukhetha ngokwabo, bangathanda zisebenza kunoma isiphi isimo. Lapho imiphumela tallied, kwatholakala ukuthi lolukhetho eze-91% abantu bakulezi ziqhingi. Nge umphumela elingenakuphikwa 99,8% Great Britain anqoba engashiyanga ithuba abantu abenqaba okuthile ngenxa Argentina.

Ngakho, ekhulwini leminyaka elidlule kuze kwaba khona impi emfushane phezu Falkland noma iziqhingi Malvinas. iziqhingi Shantarsky oLwandle Okhotsk, athé efana leli qoqo leziqhingi. Kuba njalo obuncane Insimu wekhasi ezwekazini. Kodwa uma wala mazwe amabili ukunquma ukulwela ke, abantu abaningi uzofa. History of the Falkland Islands (Malvinas) uyakufakazela ukuthi uwina ukulwa ngaphezulu unolwazi, kube nenjongo futhi kahle kuhlelwe izenzo Olwa.

Umlando yezimpi zangaphambilini iphutha Angazi ezifana le. Kuyinto mkhuba esiyingqayizivele. Nakuba ayehlala emfushane nje impela, abaphikisi zalwa nempi enkulu, usebenzisa le njongo yonke impumelelo yakamuva inqubo lobuchwepheshe. Ukuze UK bekungunyaka futhi impi kude kakhulu. Injongo eyinhloko kwakungeyona insimu, futhi izinsiza ukuthi kunganikeza lizwe onqobile.