Kuyini ikhompyutha futhi yini manje

Lapho kwakukhona computer yokuqala, akekho ngempela abakwazi ukusho. Umuntu uye wafuna njalo ukuba lula futhi ukusheshisa inqubo nokubala, engazi ukuthi kwenzekeni ikhompyutha yesimanje. izizwe Umcebo wakhula, iminwe bebelokhu ngokwanele ukubala. Ngokuhamba waya amatshe Izinduku, ngawo aba khona izibalo kokuqala, idesimali nokubala uhlelo. Kwathatha isikhathi, futhi athwala izinhlobo eziningi zala matshe Izinduku nje baba ungakhululekile. Lokhu kunganeliseki kwavela ngemva umbuzo ngcono Computing, futhi mhlawumbe umsuka "umqondo" ku ukusungulwa imishini ngokubala. amadoda ngididekile lasendulo phezu indlela kokubala inzuzo kanye accounting kwezimpahla, imfuyo, nezitsha.

Ngakho yini ikhompyutha? Yiqiniso, kubalulekile ukuba uphume ikhompyutha yesimanje futhi ujule ku indaba futhi namanje sicabangele kuyini kukhompyutha ngenkathi ethile. Phela, ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi, izingane zethu kungase ngokuthi imodeli yakamuva "uphawu" laptop 2012 - ". Izikweletu" "wokubala" noma Noma ngisho ungehlelwa okubi nakakhulu.

Computing Okokuqala indlela kubhekwa "abacus", sikakhokho kwe-akhawunti Russian. Ngokuvamile, kwaba ibhodi imigqa noma anemifantu, okuyinto babekwa amatshe. Kukhona imithetho ekhethekile evumela ukwenza izibalo e nekususa, futhi kamuva, futhi ukubuyabuyelela.

Umnikelo ekuthuthukiseni imishini nokubala eyenziwe French ososayensi Gerber (950-1003). Kodwa, ngemva yokudlanga abantu abaningi base-idesimali inombolo system kanye nokwenzeka izibalo umkhiqizo ku ephepheni, "abacus" ilahlekelwe ukubaluleka yayo yangaphambili.

Nalapha futhi, kubuyela umbuzo yini kwikhompyutha, "abacus" njengoba into kakhulu efana computer yokuqala. Kodwa off ke kakhulu, musa ukuhlanza - zonke indaba efanayo.

inqubo yokubala iba nzima nakakhulu. yasebhange athuthukisiwe, ekukhiqizeni ngamanani amancane ezishintshayo edingekayo, umqondo ukudala imishini ibashiye izingqondo indoda. Around 1632 usosayensi German Schickard bebuthene wokuqala emlandweni mshini nokubala. Ngokushesha Blez Paskal wadala imoto engcono, waba ukhokhokazi umshini ngokungeza.

Nanku, mhlawumbe, ngesikhathi i-computer yokuqala. umshini Ukungeza bawagxilise ithebula ezimali amafemu kanye nezikhungo ezahlukene, lapho kwakufanele bahlale futhi eziningi ukucabangela. Wenza silula. Lapho arithmometer isikolo ijikelezwe ngaphakathi amagiya ezimbili turning kwabayishumi iyiphi osenyameni le lempumelelo iyunithi esiteji. Phindaphinda uphinde uhlukanise lokhu Imoto "wafundisa" Vilgelm Leybnits, isazi sefilosofi omkhulu nesazi sezibalo, owanikela ngomnikelo elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni isayensi eziyisisekelo zokubala emkhakheni we ubuchwepheshe bama-computer.

I-computer yokuqala kungabuye kubhekwe akuyona ezosetshenziswa Computing a uhlaka lokweluka indwangu, yasungulwa ngo-1804 yi-engineer French Joseph Mari Zhakkarom. Mshini wawukwazi embroider Amaphetheni arareneko ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu, esebenzisa izinhlelo ezikhethekile zamakhadi ngesibhakela (diskettes lokuqala preimage) lapho oyifunayo ilwazi kulotshwe.

Kodwa yini isithixo kukhompyutha, noma yimiphi imingcele eziyisisekelo kufanele Cishe wavula esintwini Charlz Bebbidzh, inhlangano ikhompyutha kokuqala ngo-1834. Ngenxa izidingo yokulunga bese miniaturization izingxenye uhlelo akukhona ethuthuka, ngoba inkantolo kwekhulu le-19 futhi ubuchwepheshe kuphela esigabeni ukuthuthukiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Charles sonke isikhathi ukwenza izinguquko kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuthi, mhlawumbe, wamvimbela ukuba aqeda ukudala indalo yakhe. Yena ushiye imidwebo yakhe enemininingwane namazwana enemininingwane irekhodwe ngalokuhlelekile wakhe osebenza naye, Adoy Lavleys, okwenza bakwazi ukunikela yisisusa esinamandla ekuthuthukiseni amakhompyutha.

Babbage khompyutha inesikhala idivayisi idatha input, yesitoreji njengomuntu RAM, iyunithi izibalo zedivayisi umkhiqizo ukubala control, idivaysi ye outputting yalokho. Futhi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi zonke izinhlelo ezilandiwe ukwenza izenzo Babbage ikhompyutha eyenziwa kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekugcineni ngaphandle kokuqondiswa umuntu futhi wanikeza umphumela wokugcina ngesimo bebhala ngendlela eyimfihlo Punch ekhethekile ikhadi. izinhlelo eziningana ukuba yalotshwa Ada izinhlelo theory wazalwa.

I-computer yesimanje aye wasigcina zonke ezinkulu computer izingxenye Babbage. Njengoba nje ukusetshenziswa transistors futhi Semiconductors ngokungenamkhawulo anda umkhiqizo walo futhi ahlinzeke kulula ukuyisebenzisa.

Ngakho impendulo yombuzo othi "Yini i-computer?" kuphakamisa ichibi elikhulu izenzakalo zomlando kanye ubuchwepheshe ziye zaveza kusukela olwandle amatshe ukuze superconductors.