Cedar de Himalayan (Cedrus deodara): incazelo

Umsedari wase-Himalaya, ngokumangalisayo uphilile, onamandla, onamandla futhi omuhle, noma njengoba i-biodist ebizwa ngokuthi yi-biologist, imelela izitshalo zase-East Asia, ukuhlangana e-Himalayas nokuhlobisa izindawo ezisezintabeni zaseNepal, Afghanistan naseNdiya. Le ephedra ezithakazelisayo zisinda eminyakeni eyi-1000, ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ukuhlobisa kwayo okukhangayo nokubonisa amathuba amangalisayo emvelo. Lesi sihlahla ngegama lesiLatini uCedrus deodara sizoxoxa ngalesi sihloko.

Incazelo yezinhlobo

Imisedari ye-Himalaya ingenye yezinhlobo zomdabu womsedari emndenini wasePine. Njengabafowabo abaningi, uhlukanisa indaba ephawulekayo, ekhula ngamamitha angu-50 kuya kwangu-60 ekuphakameni, ekwenzeni ingane encane ibe ne-cone ebanzi yomqhele onesiqu esicacile kanye namahlumela e-drooping. Njengomthetho, esakhiweni somqhele awukho i-longline, engokwemvelo kwezinye izithunywa zalolu hlobo. Ekugugeni, phezulu kwesihlahla kuyaba ngaphezulu kakhulu, amagatsha emasipha aqondiswe ngokuqondile, futhi umqhele ulahlekelwa izinkomba ezifakwe nge-cone.

Le conifer ingenye yezinhlobo ezikhula ngokushesha. Imisedari ayizithobeki futhi, ngokuhlanganisa nezihlobo eziseduze (i-fir, ipineyini ne-spruce), ihlanganisa amahlathi e-coniferous.

I-Cedar Himalayan: izici zesitshalo

Ububanzi be-trunk yalesi giant ufinyelela kumamitha amathathu. Izimpande ezinamandla zivumela ukuthi umuthi uphumule emhlabathini onqabile wezintaba, ngoba i-deodar ingakhula ngisho nasezingeni elingamamitha angu-3 500 ngaphezu kolwandle. I-Himalayas ebalazweni lomhlaba iyanqamula emazweni amaningana, lapho ukuzala kwenhlabathi okungenakuphakama. Lesi simo mhlawumbe sathonya ukuthuthukiswa kwaloluhlelo lwempande. I-Cedar Himalayan iyalinywa emazweni aseYurophu - eningizimu yeJalimane, ePoland, njll. Lapha likhula liba ngu-12-18 m elinomqhele wamakhomitha angu-6-8. Ezimweni zenkambiso, i-deodar ikhule ezindaweni eziseningizimu zaseRussia, eCaucasus, eCrimea.

Umuthi udume ngamapulangwe ayo omuhle kakhulu - okomnandi, kodwa ophansi futhi oqinile, njalo okudingekayo.

Bark nezinaliti

I-cedar bark emangalisayo yokuhlobisa imbala - imnyama emnyama, ibushelelezi, ikhanya ngisho nasebusheni futhi imhlophe-imbala, inqunywe ngamathayili angama-rectangular, nemisedari evuthiwe. Amahlumela amancane afushane, amancane futhi asematheni, abomvu futhi agxila emaphethelweni.

Izinaliti ezigxile emagatsheni zingaba zingashadile, zincanyana, zibukhali futhi zide (kufika ku-50 mm) noma ziqoqwe ezinkampanini ezincane. I-Hvoinki enesibindi, ecacile, enezici ezicacisiwe eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, ezisi-gray, ze-bluish noma ze-gray shades, ezingafani ngokuphelele, ezigxotshiwe.

I-Cedar Himalayan: ama-cones kanye nembewu

Ngo-Okthoba noma ngoNovemba, impova ivuthwa futhi isakazeka. Izimpumputhe ezivela phezulu komqhele zitholakala ngokuzodwa, aziqabukeli ezimbili ndawonye. Iphendukile, ngesimo ukuthi i-oblong ne-plump, njengemiphongolo; Finyelela ku-7-13 cm ubude no-5-7 cm ububanzi. Njengoba behlezi kakhulu kuma-petioles amafushane, bavuthiwe iminyaka engu-1.5. Ngokushintsha kancane umbala (kusukela ekuqaleni kwe-bluish kuya kuma-tones ama-tarson-brown), ama-cone-repeaters emva kokuvuthwa kwe-maturation, ekhulula imbewu eningi.

Izilinganiso eziqinile zesikhwama esinqunyiwe esiphezulu zifakela phansi ngesisekelo esingenhla emaphethelweni angaphezulu. Imbewu yombala okhanyayo obovate owu-6-7 mm ububanzi obunemibala ekhanyayo, encane phansi, ifinyelela ubude obuyi-12-17 mm. Bahlome ngephiko elikhulu elikhanyayo, okuvumela imbewu ukuba iqhume kude kakhulu. Ngokungafani namantongomane e- pine nut amaprotheni, imbewu yemisedari yase-Himalaya ayinakulinganiswa, kodwa lokhu akusho neze ukwehlisa ukuhlobanisa okuhle kwesiko esinjengomsedari wase-Himalaya. I-cones, ebuka phezulu futhi ehlezi emagatsheni, iyisici esithakazelisayo somuthi futhi isebenza njengomhlobiso omuhle.

Izintandokazi ze-Deodar

Ekhulayo ezindaweni ezizintaba zase-Afghanistan nasenyakatho ye-Himalayas, imisedari yase-Himalaya iyazizwa kahle emasimini asendle angathathwa yimpucuko. Ngakho-ke, kungenzeka ukuthi ukungcoliswa kwamagesi emadolobheni kuthinta ukulahleka okuphawulekayo kokuhlobisa. Ubude obukhulu kanye ne-ascetic, i-deodar ibonakala ngokuthuthukiswa okusheshayo ebusheni nokulinganisela - kumbuso omdala. Iyakhuthazelela ngokuphelele shading, ukumelana nokuqina kwamaqhwa - ukumelana nokushisa okuphansi kwesikhashana kwehla kuya ku -25 ° C ezindaweni ezingenamoya.

Njengemithi eminingi ye-coniferous, imisedari ihlukumeza umhlabathi, ikhula ngokuphumelelayo ekukhuleni futhi ibekezelela kalula ukuba khona kwamakhadi emhlabathini, kodwa okuqukethwe kwayo okuphezulu kungabangela i-chlorosis, isifo esibi kakhulu esibonakala ngokufaka izinaliti ezinhlobonhlobo eziphuzi-orange kanye nokukhula okuphawulekayo ekukhuleni. Izimila emasikeni zifana nelethargic njengabafowabo abakhulayo, kodwa zikhula kangcono ezindaweni ezingenalwazi, amanzi namoya angenakunyakaziswa ngaphandle kokusondela kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Umswakama ophezulu, ukuchelela okunomusa nesimo sezulu esishisayo yizimo ezihle kakhulu zokuthuthukiswa komuthi. Lezi zimpi ezinkulu zivame ukuhlushwa yimimoya enamandla, ngakho indawo yokufika kwayo ikhethiwe ivikelwe.

Ukulima komsedari

I-deodar ethandana nokushisa ayihlali ezinkingeni ezibucayi zokulandelana kwezimo zaseRashiya ezinamandla. Ukusatshalaliswa kwalo akudluleli ngaphesheya koLwandle OluMnyama, eCrimea naseCaucasus emagqumeni. Kulezi zindawo lapho omamakazi bezintambokazi bemisedari ye-Himalaya banqotshwa khona. Naphezu kwekutsi izwe lakubo lamanzi yi-Himalayas, ebalazweni lomhlaba elisebusini elifudumele lase-continental, abalimi be-medium-latitude bayamkelwa ngokwengeziwe ngenxa yokukhula kwemisedari yase-Himalaya, futhi ngokuvamile lokho kuhlolwa kuyaphumelela. Kufanele kuqondiswe kuphela iseluleko sabalimi abanolwazi, njengoba ama-cultivars asezindaweni eziphakathi zezulu ezithatha izimpande akuyona isibonelo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunasezindaweni eziseningizimu. Izingozi ezisemqoka yizihlahla ezincane, okuphakama kwazo akudluli ngamamitha amathathu. Badinga indawo yokuhlala ebusika, esetshenziselwa ukusungula amazinga okushisa angalungile.

Izinto zokumboza zikhethwe kuye ngokwezifiso zakho. Izinto ezingokoqobo zibhekwa njengezinto zokuphefumula - i-spruce lapnik, i-burlap. Ngesikhathi ebusika esibonakalayo esibucayi ngaphezu kwe-lapnika, bahlela izindlu zokuqala zokuphahla.

Umanyolo

Ukondla kuyadingeka kumasiko njengemisedari ye-Himalaya. Ukulimala kuyoba yimpumelelo kakhulu ekusetshenzisweni kwama-fertilizer akhiqizwa inkampani yaseJalimane i-Greenworld noma uphawu lwesiRashiya esithi "Green Needle". Yondla isitshalo kathathu ngenkathi ngayinye - ngo-Ephreli, ngoJuni noJulayi. Ukugqoka okuphezulu ngenxenye ye-nitrogen kwenziwa kuze kube ngu-Agasti, njengoba ukukhula kwamahlumela ngasekupheleni kwehlobo kuzokwenza kube nzima ukubusika. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ngoJulayi nitrogen umquba akunikezi, kodwa badla umsedari ngamalungiselelo e-phosphorus-potassium.

Isicelo endaweni yangaphakathi epaki nasegadini

I-Deodar ingenye yamasiko aphakanyiswa kakhulu epaki eCrimea naseGreat Sea ogwini. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwezindlela zokulima zokuhlakulela isiko kubuya phakathi nekhulu lama-20. Namuhla, umsedari wase-Himalaya ungumuthi epaki wepaki eningizimu yeRussia. Ubuntu, ubuhle nobuhle obuhle kakhulu yizici zalezi zici.

Izihlahla ezindala kakhulu ezikhangayo, ezinamandla, ezinomqhele obanzi obala, zimbozwe ngesihlava esiluhlaza esinezinyosi ezithambile.

Imisedari yase-Himalaya esebenzisa ama-arrays, amaqembu-ama-ensembles, kuma-alleys noma ngama-singly ezinhlobonhlobo ezahlukene zezwe. Izihlahla ezincane zibekezelela izihlahla kahle futhi zilulame ngokushesha. Ukutshala okunjalo kuvame ukuphenduka amahlaya aphilayo amafomu afinyeleleka kakhulu.