Umbani: Amaqiniso athakazelisayo avelaphi?

Abantu abaningi besaba isimo esibi kakhulu semvelo - izivunguvungu. Lokhu kuvame ukukwenzeka lapho ilanga livaliwe ngamafu avulekile, ukuduma kwezulu nokuduma okukhulu.

Yiqiniso, kufanele ukwesabe ukukhanya, ngoba kungabulala noma kubangele umlilo. Lokhu kwaziwa isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke, futhi kwasungula izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuvikela ngokumelene nokukhanyisa nokuduma (isibonelo, izingongolo zensimbi).

Yini eqhubekayo lapho futhi ukuduma kuvelaphi? Futhi kuvela kanjani umbani?

Amafu emvula

Amafu esiphepho avamile kakhulu. Ukuphakama, bafinyelela amakhilomitha amaningana. Ngokubukeka akubonakali, njengoba ngaphakathi kwalezi zingubo amafu onke abilayo futhi abilayo. Lokhu kugeleza kwamanzi, okufaka amaconsi amanzi, ukuhamba ngesivinini esikhulu kusukela phansi kuze kube ngapha nangapha.

Ingxenye enkulu kunazo zonke zala mafu ifinyelela-degrees angu-40 ekushiseni, futhi amathonsi amanzi awela kule ngxenye yefu igcwala.

On the origin of thunderclouds

Ngaphambi kokuba sazi ukuthi kuvela kuphi ukuduma nokuthi kuvela kanjani umbani, ake sichaze kafushane ukuthi ama-thunderclouds akha kanjani.

Iningi lalezi zenzakalo azikho ngaphezu kwamanzi emhlabeni, kepha ngaphezu kwamazwekazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuduma kwamabhomu kunamandla phezu kwamazwekazi asezindaweni ezishisayo, lapho umoya ongaphansi komhlaba (ngokungafani nomoya ophezulu ngaphezu kwamanzi) uyashisa futhi ikhuphuke ngokushesha.

Ngokuvamile, emithambekeni yokuphakama okuhlukahlukene, kuqhutshwa umoya ofudumele ofanayo, odweba umoya omanzi ovela ezindaweni eziningi emhlabeni futhi uphakamisa.

Ngakho-ke, okuthiwa ama-cumulus amafu akhiwa, aphenduke abe yizulu elichazwe ngenhla.

Futhi manje ake sicacise ukuthi yimuphi umbani, uvelaphi?

Umbani nokuduma

Kulawo maconsi amaqhwa, kuhlanganiswa izingcezu zeqhwa, futhi zihamba emafwini ngesilinganiso esikhulu kakhulu, ukuhamba, ukuwa nokushaja ugesi. Lezo zindebe ezincane ezilula futhi ezincane zihlala zingenhla, futhi lezo zikhulu - ziyoncibilika, zihla, futhi ziphenduke zibe ngamaconsi amanzi.

Ngakho-ke, amacala amabili kagesi avela nge-thundercloud. Engxenyeni engenhla ingalungile, ngezansi - ezihle. Lapho uhlangana namacala ahlukene, ukukhishwa kwamandla kagesi okunamandla kwenzeka futhi kwenzeka umbani. Uvela kuphi, kwacaca. Futhi kwenzekani okwenzekayo? I-flashing yesikhanyane ivuselela ngokushesha futhi ikhulise umoya nxazonke. Lesi siphetho sishisa kakhulu kangangokuthi kwenzeka umphumela wokuqhuma. Lona ukuduma okwethusa konke ukuphila emhlabeni.

Kuvela ukuthi zonke lezi zibonakaliso zogesi lomoya. Khona-ke umbuzo olandelayo uphakamisa ukuthi uvela kuphi, futhi ngobuningi obukhulu. Futhi iya kuphi?

Ionosphere

Uyini umbani, uvela kuphi, uthola. Manje kancane mayelana nezinqubo ezigcina ukukhokhwa komhlaba.

Ososayensi bathole ukuthi ukukhokha komhlaba ngokuvamile kuncane futhi kubalwa kuphela ngama-coulombs angu-500 000 (njengamabhethri amabili emoto). Khona-ke ukukhokhwa okungakalungi kushabalalaphi, okwenziwa ngombani oseduze noMbuso Womhlaba?

Ngokuvamile, esimweni sezulu esicacile, uMhlaba ukhululekile (njalo phakathi kwe-ionosphere nomhlaba womhlaba kuyisimo esibuthakathaka esimweni sonke). Nakuba umoya uthathwa njenge-insulator, unengxenyana encane ye-ions, evumela ukuthi okwamanje kube khona kumthamo womkhathi wonke. Ngenxa yalokhu, nakuba kancane kancane, kodwa icala elibi lidluliselwa emhlabathini kuze kube semkhawulweni. Ngakho-ke, umthamo wezindleko eziphelele zomhlaba uhlale ungashintshi.

Ukukhanya kwebhola kuvelaphi?

Namuhla, umbono ovame kakhulu ukuthi ukukhanya kwebhola kuyindlela ekhethekile yokukhokhwa ngendlela ibhola, elikhona isikhathi eside futhi lihamba ngendlela engalindelekile.

Ayikho indaba ehlanganisiwe yomsuka walesi simo namhlanje. Kunezinkolelo eziningi, kodwa kuze kube manje akekho othole ukuqashelwa phakathi kososayensi.

Ngokuvamile, ofakazi bokuzibonela bathi, ukukhanya kwebhola kwenzeka lapho kunesibindi noma ngesiphepho. Kodwa kunezimo ezenzekayo kanye nesimo sezulu esishisayo. Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukukhanya okuvamile, ngezinye izikhathi kuvela futhi kwehla emafwini, futhi kungabonakali kubonakala kungalindelekile emoyeni noma ngisho nokuphuma kwezinye izinto (insika, umuthi).

Amanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

Iphi ukuduma nokukhanyisa okuvela khona, sithole. Manje kancane mayelana namaqiniso anesifiso esihlobene nezimo zemvelo ezichazwe ngenhla.

1. Unyaka ngamunye, umhlaba uthola imibani engaba yizigidi ezingu-25.

2. Umkhanyo unesilinganiso sobude esingaba ngu-2.5 km. Kunezikhwama ezihamba emkhathini we-20 km.

3. Kunenkolelo yokuthi umbani awukwazi ukushaya kabili endaweni eyodwa. Empeleni, akunjalo. Imiphumela yokuhlaziywa (ngokusho kwebalazwe yendawo) yezindawo zokukhanyisa umbani eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule ibonisa ukuthi umbani ungathatha izikhathi eziningana endaweni efanayo.

Ngakho bathola ukuthi yikuphi umbani, lapho uvela khona.

Kunezimvula ezinkulu ezibangelwa izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke zeplanethi.

Njalo ngomzuzwana emhlabeni jikelele kunezibani ezingaba ngu-50.