Abesifazane bamazwe ama-Amazon. Izizwe zasendle zase-Amazon

Sivame ukuhlala ezweni lomniningwane. Kodwa-ke, kunamakhasi amaningi angaziwa emlandweni nasemigwaqweni engavunyelwe emhlabeni! Imfihlo yama-Amazons - abesifazane abanesibindi abanenkululeko yokuphila abahlala ngaphandle kwamadoda - uzama ukuvula abacwaningi, abenzi befilimu, abathandi bokuzikhethela.

Ubani ama-Amazoni?

Ngokokuqala ngqa ngamabutho abakhayo, kodwa abungozi besilisa obuthakathaka ukhuluma ngoHomer ngekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalombili BC. Khona-ke ukuphila kwabo kuchazwa isazi-mlando esingumGreki uHerodotus kanye nomdlali wezemidlalo u-Aeschylus, futhi ngemva kwabo babhala abaRoma. Ngokusho kwezinganekwane, i-Amazons yakhiwa ithi ihlanganisa abesifazane kuphela. Kungenzeka ukuthi lezi kwakuyizindawo ezisuka ogwini lolwandle oluMnyama oluya eCaucasus futhi ziqhubeka - zingene ngaphakathi kwe-Asia. Ngezinye izikhathi, bakhetha amadoda avela kwezinye izizwe ukuba aqhubeke nomncintiswano. Ikusasa lomntwana ozelwe ngokuzalwa lithembele ocansini - uma beyintombazane, wakhulela esizweni, umfana wathunyelwa kuyise noma wabulawa.

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, i-Amazon eyinganekwane - owesifazane ophethe kahle isikhali nomgibeli omuhle kakhulu, ongavumelani empini kubantu. I-patroness yakhe - u-Arthemisi - intombi, unkulunkulukazi osemusha wokuzingela, onamandla okuthukuthela ngentukuthelo, ekhishwe emicibisholo yomnsalo.

Etymology

Kuze kube manje, abacwaningi baphikisana ngokuvela kwegama elithi "Amazon." Kungenzeka ukuthi kwakhiwa igama elithi Iranian ha-mazan - "umlindi wesifazane". Enye indlela - kusuka egameni elithi masso - "elingenakuthenjwa" (lamadoda).

I-etymology yesiGreki yegama ijwayelekile kakhulu. Ihunyushwa ngokuthi "bezgrudaya, futhi ngokusho legend, amaqhawe ashisa noma aqede amabele abo ukuze kube lula ukusebenzisa anyanisi. Le nguqulo, noma kunjalo, ayitholi isiqinisekiso emifanekisweni yezithombe.

Abavubukuli befuna Amazons

Ukuvubukulwa kwezinto zakudala nokutholakala kokungcwaba akuqinisekisi ngokuqondile ukuba khona kwama-Amazoni. Abanye abagonywe ngabesifazane abanezikhali, ezitholakala e-Ukraine, bangase babonise umsuka wabo omuhle. Kuze kube manje, ubufakazi buyizikhukhula ezineminyaka engu-2000, ezisemngceleni ophakathi kweRussia neKazakhstan. Abavubukuli bathole amathuna angaphezu kuka-150 ezizukulwaneni zabaseSarmatians, phakathi kwabo kwakukhona abesifazane abaqashwe ngamabutho abaqashwe ngezikhali.

Izazi eziphikisayo zisho ukuthi i-Amazons iyimifanekiso yamanga, ephikisana nendima ekhulayo yamadoda emphakathini wasendulo wesiGreki. Uzama ukuvusa inkumbulo yokuzalwa komzimba futhi inikeze inani lezinsikazi. Ngaleso sikhathi, ubuhlobo bobulili obufanayo phakathi kwabantu babethandekayo. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ihlanzekile futhi yabonisa ubuhlobo obukhethekile obungokomoya phakathi kothisha nomfundi. Njengoba i-archetype yama-Amazon - owesifazane olingana nendoda, ngakho-ke kufaneleka ngenhlonipho nangokubonga.

Ukukhulunywa kokuqala kwama-Amazoni eNingizimu Melika

Kwathatha amakhulu eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba leli gama lithandeke futhi. Lesi sikhathi komunye umkhawulo womhlaba. Ukubhapathizwa kwabesifazane baseNingizimu Melika e-Amazon kwenzeka ngesandla sokukhanya sabanqobi baseSpain.

Ngo-July 1539, izikhulu zasebukhosini ezahlanganyela emkhankasweni kaGonzalo Jiménez de Quesada kulo lonke elaseColombia zalungisa umbiko ochaza ukunqoba kwamakholomu amasha. Ikhuluma ngabantu besifazane baseNdiya abahlala ngaphandle kwamadoda. AbaseSpain ngokwabo abazange bakubone, kodwa babhala idatha mayelana nabo kubantu ababekhona izigqila zokukhulelwa izingane. Amakhosi ama-Amazon adala impucuko eyathuthuka kakhulu, eholwa yiNdlovukazi yaseHaratti.

Ngokweminye imithombo, yafundwa ngama-Amazoni ngenxa yomnqobi uFrancisco Orellani. I-brigantine yakhe yangena emanzini omfula ojulile, ogelezayo ngoFebruwari 12, 1542 (manje esiseduze nale ndawo yidolobha elincane elibizwa ngokuthi umphathi oyibindi). Ngemva kwesikhashana, abantu baseYurophu abalambileyo, abahamba ngezinsuku eziningi emgwaqweni, bathola ngokufudumele emizini yabo, amaNdiya. Yilabo ababesitshela ukuthi isizwe "señor enkulu" sihlala emfuleni, ngolimi lwendawo "konyapuyara", okwakuthiwa amaSpain abize amaAmazons.

Izinganekwane noma ezenzeke

Kodwa-ke, kulezi zindaba azikho uphawu oluqondile lomhlangano nabesifazane abangenandaba. Igebe ligcwele indaba elandelayo. Phakathi nokunqotshwa kwamazwe amasha ngomqhele waseSpain, abahlukumezi, abaholwa u-Orellani, babhekene nokuphikiswa okunonya kwamaNdiya omdabu. Phakathi kwawo kwavela ukuqina kwabesifazane bezizwe zase-Amazon. Wangena nabo empini futhi waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele abadlali bezintambo eziqanjwe ngamagama abaqamba ngamagama ngokukhumbuza amantombazane asuka emlandweni wasendulo wesiGreki. Futhi lo mfula, emabhange awalwa ngawo, wawubizwa ngeRio de las Amazonas.

Abacwaningi banamuhla bakholelwa ukuthi babengekho amaqhawe. Amakhosi ama-Amazon amaNdiya, izinwele zakhe ezindala ezidukisa abahlaseli baseSpain. Abantu abathandanayo abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi babathandekayo, balwa ngokumelene namadoda abo futhi bekulungele ukudela impilo yabo ngenxa yabo.

Noma kunjalo, amantombazane asendle, ama-Amazons, aqhubeke ephazamisa lo mcabango. Lokhu kuboniswa yizindaba zamafilimu adventure kanye nezincwadi ezithengisa kakhulu, ezilandelwa yizinkolelo zezikhathi ze-Great Geographical Discoveries. Kuwo amahlathi e-Amazon afihla ingcebo engenakubalwa, eqashwe ngamadoda amahle, anonya futhi angenabubele kubantu abangabazi. Abazingeli abaningi begolide bafa ngokufuna indlela elula yokucebisa. Kodwa ngezikhathi ezithile kukhona amadoda anesibindi alungele ukuzama inhlanhla.

Izizwe zasehlathi lase-Amazon

Kungaphezu kweminyaka engamakhulu amahlanu. Futhi amahlathi e-Amazon asafihla izinhlanga eziningi ezingabonakali. Inhlangano yaseBrazil FUNAI ibhalisile izindawo ezingamashumi ayisikhombisa nesikhombisa zokuqala. Indlela yabo yokuphila ayifani neyekhokho babo emakhulwini eminyaka adlule: bayabamba, bazingela, baqoqe izithelo. Laba bantu base-Amazon abazange bahlangane nempucuko yanamuhla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yimuphi umhlangano ungababulala, ngoba abanakho igciwane lesifo eziningi. Ngakho-ke, ama-aborigines avikelwe yizwe.

Phakathi kwazo kunezindlela ezilondoloza indlela yokuphila yamatriarchal. Kodwa akekho okhona lapha olwa noma obusa.

Isiqhingi saseKuna

Isidakamizwa esidumile kunazo zonke futhi esitholakale kuzo izivakashi ziyisizwe samaKuna. Itholakala eziqhingini zaseSan Blas. Amantombazane asendle, ama-Amazons, asebenza ezindlini futhi enza izingubo ezingenakulungiswa ngobuhle nokuhleleka kwama-moles.

Iyini ukubonakaliswa kokuzalwa komzimba? Lapha umkhwenyana akakhethi umakoti, kepha intombazane yenza isipho kulo mfana. Noma kunjalo, akanalo ilungelo lokumlahla. Ngemva kwalokho, le ndoda iya emndenini wayo futhi isebenza iminyaka eminingana ngaphansi kokuqondiswa kukayisezala. Imishado ingenzeka kuphela phakathi kwezizwe. Ukuzalwa kwamantombazane kubhekwa njengokukhetha, njengoba kamuva beletha umsebenzi owengeziwe endlini. Kule ndawo yonke - lena ngumndeni wesiko lokuqala kanye nokusabalalisa okujwayelekile kwemithwalo yemfanelo.

Kuphi lapho ufuna abesifazane besimanje abanamandla?

Namuhla, hhayi abesifazane abaningi base-Amazon abathintekayo, kodwa izakhamuzi zamadolobha ezindawo zasemadolobheni. Ukubuyisela ilungelo lokukhululeka nokuzimela, "abagcini bendlu" bavame ukukushiya ngenxa yokukhula kochwepheshe.

Futhi nakuba bephethe isikhundla esiphambili futhi baphathe amazwe, asikho isidingo sokukhuluma ngomzali omusha. Impi eqondile yama-Amazons omphakathi wanamuhla ngenxa yokuthi isimo sawo siphelela ngokuphumelela kwezemisebenzi nokuzizwa yedwa futhi, ngenxa yalokho, inkinga yabantu.