Indlela ukukhetha umongameli wase-United States? Kanjani uhlelo lokhetho? US wokhetho lobumengameli

Enkulumweni ngamunye, akhethwe ngendlela yentando yeningi, zikhona izici zikazwelonke zokukhuthaza neziphathimandla ukhetho, okubonisa kazwelonke uhlamvu, umlando kanye namasiko yezwe. American uhlelo lokhetho ngokuvumelana le nkomba ayinakuqhathaniswa emhlabeni. Ibeke umuntu okokuqala akunakwenzeka ukuthola indlela ukukhetha umongameli wase-United States. Multi-esiteji inqubo yokuvota primaries, kusho i-Electoral College, ukushwiba uthi ... Futhi konke lokhu impi senzeka ngefomethi ye ngokoqobo show, ekuthumbeni ukunakwa ababukeli.

Kuphi ukuqala ukuthi abe ngumengameli we-USA?

Ngokusho umthethosisekelo, umongameli wase-United States livulekele yimuphi attained engu-35 ubudala isakhamuzi wazalwa ezweni futhi lapha iminyaka engu okungenani 14.

Kungaba liqokwe anoma yiliphi iqembu lezombusazwe, kodwa ungakwazi ukuya kuma-poll bebodwa, ukhetho njengelungu elizimele.

Kodwa umkhuba kwekhulu elidlule ebonisa ukuthi impi ekhona yokulawula phakathi kweenqhema ezimbili - Republican neDemocratic. Kuyinto kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu esinye salezi zilwane ezimbili futhi inquma phetho yezwe e neminyaka emine eyalandela.

Ukuze amandla eside ongahambanga ekhanda lomuntu, umsebenzi njengoba umholi wezwe kukhawulwe matemu amabili. Ngokocwaningo lwe-US obaba wokusungula, uhlale andodanye amandla phezu iminyaka engu-8 kungaholela ubushiqela futhi kunciphise zonke kwenkululeko.

wokhetho lobumengameli e-United States - inqubo multi-esiteji. Ngokwesilinganiso, kuthatha iminyaka eyikhulu nengxenye. Ukuba ngenkuthalo okuxoxwe ukhetho kungenzeka iqala ngonyaka ngaphambi kokuqala lo mncintiswano, ngakho umbuzo kangaki ukukhetha umengameli e-US, singasho ukuthi kuyinqubo eqhubekayo. izigaba eziningi ungabahlukanisa enqubeni: ukuqokwa ukhetho, primaries futhi amakhokhasi amaqembu axubile epolitiki (ie okuyinhloko), imvume omele iqembu kulowo mhlangano kazwelonke nokhetho ngokwabo.

primaries

Ngakho, kunoma yiliphi icala, umongameli kungaba Democrat noma yama-Republican. Ubani onquma lapho omunye amalungu eqembu ukuya kuma-poll? Banikezwe degree umtfwalo lomkhulu, kukhona inikezwa isimiso primaries - ivoti zokukwazi kumholi othize kusukela Republican kanye Democrats. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba baqonde indlela US uhlelo lokhetho.

isimo ngasinye has inqubo yayo uma kukhethwa eyinhloko, ukuvota izindlela. Kodwa okushiwo uhlala eyodwa - izihambeli kuqokwa, okuyinto kulowo mhlangano lokugcina ninquma ukuthi ubani ozoba bamele party wokhetho lobumengameli e-United States.

Eqinisweni, izihambeli akudingekile ukuba uvotele nembangi bani labavoti bavotela okhethweni eyinhloko.

Kungase kube nezimo lapho kungase kube defectors kusuka kwelinye ikamu. Kodwa lokhu umcimbi ezingavamile kakhulu, futhi lesi senzakalo luvela kuphela lapho uhlelo noyedwa abazobhapathizwa ihlulekile inengi izihambeli.

Kukhona ezifana usuku ezithakazelisayo ngokuthi "Super ngoLwesibili." NgoLwesibili lokuqala Februwari labetibambile ukhetho oyinhloko uthi eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Primaries - umbukwane esijabulisayo, zingabantu kusuka February kuya-June ngawo lowo nyaka lapho kubanjwe lukhetfo lolukhululekile. BaseMelika ukubukela imiphumela yabo Lesisemkhatsini, njengamabhere abalandeli football eYurophu Ukuma of ubuqhawe kazwelonke.

Uma uqala into ebaluleke kakhulu?

Imigomo US ngokhetho kuyinto ngekhulu lesithathu zihlala zinjalo. Njengoba kufanele a hle-Anglo-Saxon amazwe, kukhona hlonipho kakhulu imithetho kanye namasiko musa ukushintsha into ngaphandle isidingo esiphuthumayo. Eyokuqala ngoLwesibili ngo-November - usuku lapho i-United States izobamba ukhetho lobumengameli ngo-2020, 2024 nokunye Ad Infinitum njalo ngemva kweminyaka emine. Njengoba elisungulwe 1845 futhi kuyaqhubeka kuze kube manje.

Kungani ngoLwesibili? Zonke ndaba abalimi. USA ekhulwini XIX khona ezweni nezokulima. abavoti Iningi kukhona izifunda wezolimo yezwe. Eya endlaweni futhi wakugwema elilodwa kuya kwamabili zinsuku. Futhi ngeSonto, asikho isidingo sokuthi ukuya esontweni. Futhi sikhetha usuku elula kunazo lweviki, futhi ukuvakashela nini ethempelini, futhi umongameli ukhetha.

electors

Izakhamuzi amazwe aseYurophu futhi Russia zijwayele ifomula engcwele: isimiso temaphepha oqondile, alinganayo futhi imfihlo. Kancane ehlukile ahlelwe Ukhetho e-United States. wokhetho lobumengameli lapha ungafaki isimiso zokuvota oqondile. Izakhamizi abakhethiweyo izihambeli - electors owavele, bese ukhetha umholi wezwe.

Kufaka nomuntu wokuqala isimo izakhamuzi US yamukele iphinde isebenze iphini likamengameli, okanye naye eqenjini efanayo. Bangabaholi abantu kuphela kuleli zwe, okuyinto wakhethwa ezingeni federal, okungukuthi, bamele izimfuno lonke lelo zwe, kunokuba esimweni esithile.

Ukwakheka ebhodini

Akunakwenzeka ukuba baqonde indlela ukukhetha umongameli wase-United States, ngaphandle kokuqonda indlela yokunquma ekolishi lokhetho. Umvoti kuziwa isayithi nokuvotela ukhetho lwabo, ngaleyo ndlela anikeze izwi ithimba layo of abamele. Khona-ke kuya ezihambele ivoti letihlelekile naletingakahleleki kuvikelwe amakhetho umongameli.

Iqembu lika electors bavame ukuba linqume abameleli onegunya kunabo zombuso ngamunye. Kungaba congressmen, senators, noma abantu nje othandekayo.

Kusukela isimo ngasinye ubabonisa eziningi electors, okuyinto wakhona isibalo sabantu kokuba ilungelo lokuvota futhi abahlala kuwo. Isebenza ifomula ezinjalo - electors abaningi njengoba amalungu ePhalamende akhethwe isimo Congress, plus abantu abangu-2.

Ngokwesibonelo, inani elikhulu kunawo wonke zezihambeli 2016 kungadala California - abantu abangu-55. Emincane kakhulu - United ayinabantu abaningi, ezifana Utah, Alaska namanye - abantu abangu-3. Sekukonke, ibhodi - abantu 538. Ukunqoba amavoti ezidingekayo of 270 electors.

Ufuna ukungena emlandweni kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo

Isakhamuzi zesigaba esihlangene, isimo eyodwa kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kungani baseMelika ngakho nzima bakhe uhlelo ukhetho. Lonke Iphuzu liwukuthi United States yasekuqaleni akubanga izwe enobunye nge eqinile mpo kwamandla.

kakhulu Isihloko United States (uma ngokoqobo - "I-United States") lithi, 'kwakuyizwe union ithi alinganayo. imibuzo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu kuphela banikelela ethile ye likahulumeni e-Washington - ibutho, lwemali imigomo, inqubomgomo angaphandle. Zonke ezinye izindaba zangaphakathi wahlanganyela kuphela neziphathimandla zendawo.

Kuze kube manje, isibonelo, akukho emzimbeni owodwa elawula imibutho yamaphoyisa. Amaphoyisa zombuso ngamunye ibika ngqo neziphathimandla zezifunda kanye kuzimele dolobha.

Sense wesifunda electors

isimo ngasinye uyakwazisa amalungelo ayo. Ngakho-ke, ngo-impikiswano ebalulekile ezifana indawo futhi uye waklama esimisweni lapho umongameli likhethwa abameleli kusukela isihloko umfelandawonye, hhayi yiningi izibalo ngamunye. Ngoba kungenjalo ezinjalo uthi enkulu njengoba California noma New York, kungaba ngenxa inombolo enkulu abantu ukuphoqelela intando yabo lonke uthi. Futhi ngakho, lokho kumane nje endabeni ukwesekwa kulo lonke leli zwe, ikhandidethi uzokwazi ukuba abe umholi kazwelonke.

Lokho okushiwo leliqhinga - usekelo isimiso inhlangano yase-United States.

Le mpikiswano phezu uhlelo lokhetho

Ngaphansi kwalesi simiso, kungenzeka kube nabathile eziphikisanayo. Umfakisicelo othole amavoti angaphezu kuka imbangi yakhe, angalahlekelwa kalula kuye ngenxa abambalwa electors. Isizathu lokhu. Kuyacaca kakade, ngokuvamile, njengoba umengameli abakhethiwe e-United States. Isifunda liqukethe yokuthi ke uqoka ekolishi zokhetho, oluqoqwe kuwo wonke phezu isimo.

Okwavelela uhlelo wukuthi isimiso of necklace. Akunandaba ukuthi ikhandidethi iwine, athi, California, ngo ohlangothini 99% kuya ku-1%, noma iwine ohlangothini ivoti elilodwa kuphela. Kuye nganoma iyiphi indlela ukuthola zonke quota zokhetho, isikhundla isimo (kuleli cala - abantu abangu-55).

Lokho iDemocratic ikhandidethi Ungavotela iningi labantu lwabavoti ezifundeni ngobukhulu (California, e-New York), futhi ngaleyo ndlela wamnika arithmetic outvote ezweni lonke. Kodwa uma akukho ukwesekwa kweminye uthi - akukho ukunqoba. Ngakho, ngokwezinga elithile kuhlukumeza isimiso kwefrakshini we ivoti elilodwa. Ukuvota endaweni ethile e-Utah noma Alaska "ukala" kuzo lokhu ukwedlula e-California noma i-New York.

The mpikiswano mayelana isidingo sokuguquka sekuqhubeke isikhathi eside, kodwa zinikezwe conservatism yendabuko amaMelika emkhakheni komthetho, izinguquko kuzodingeka silinde isikhathi eside.

Isizathu Trump ngokuwina ukhetho ngo-2016

Nakhu okwenzeka okhethweni yamuva e-United States. UClinton uvotela abantu abaningi. Kodwa iningi yafinyelelwa at bangakunaki ukuphila preponderance obuqand Democrats e Kulezo zifunda, lapho, futhi kanjalo ngokwesiko ezicela kubo bonke electors. Ukunqoba Trump sasiwukuthi wakwazi ukunqoba ezifundeni lapho abavoti abangazange okwamanje yanquma ngokunembile okuthandwa zabo.

Kunezinhlobo eziningana jika uthi, lapho kungekho izintandokazi abahlukene ngokumelene Democrats noma Republican. Ukubaluleka kukhona ezinkulu ezintathu noma ezine. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, ibaluleke kakhulu kuzo - Florida, okuyinto bathunyelwe 27 electors. Cishe njalo winner eFlorida bese eba umongameli wezwe. Ngamanye amazwi, inhloso umkhankaso wokhetho ukunikeza ngokwakho inzuzo ezintathu nane uthi aphume 50!

Lokhu kwenziwa Donald Tramp. Yena dengwane umzabalazo ithemba kuye eCalifornia nase-New York, futhi wagxila zonke izikhwepha zayo ncamashi lapho kudingeka khona.

izigameko zomlando

Namuhla kuyacaca ukuthi ukukhetha umongameli wase-United States. Kodwa ekuqaleni wekuba sive kwavela futhi izindaba eziyinkimbinkimbi kanjalo.

Endabeni ka nokulingana kwamavoti ka electors umongameli okhethwe the House of Abamele. Yilokho Jefferson ayekade akhethwe ngo 1800 no Adams ngo-1824. Lo mthetho isasekhona namuhla, kodwa umkhuba lokhu akunjalo ukufinyelela, njengoba impi contender phakathi kuphela ezimbili yangempela. Nakuba kunjalo, uma kubhekwa isibalo ngisho electors kuyinto kwakuthiwa kungenzeka futhi lolu khetho.

Imininingwane yobuchwepheshe, imigomo

Ngakho, okhethweni lukazwelonke yayiqhutshelwa, kusho i-Electoral College zikhiwa. Izithunywa ungahambi ngaphandle esimweni sazo, eqoqwe ngo-December, ngosuku eshiwo umthethosisekelo. ivoti esisemthethweni Inqubo yenzeka. Uzakwenzelwa iyawakha futhi ithunyelwa Congress, lapho umsebenzi okhethekile futhi umisa imiphumela yokuvota.

Ngemuva kwemvume by Congress iSigele ekuqaleni kuka-2017, Donald Trump ngokusemthethweni ukuqala imisebenzi kaMongameli. Ngokusho umthethosisekelo, ozoba Januwari 20 wokuvulwa mkhosi.

Izimo zethu zihluke kakhulu kunzima ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuba ukhethe umongameli wase-United States. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kufanele sibheke umlando waleli zwe, ukuqonda namasiko alo kanye sengqondo abantu. wokhetho lobumengameli e-United States - i show okuthakazelisayo futhi ezithakazelisayo, kungakhathaliseki izintandokazi zezombusazwe lomuntu.