Konke Generalissimo zomhlaba: uhlu nezithombe

Generalissimo - iyona isikhundla eliphakeme ukuthi bangathola lempi. Isici esikhethekile wukuthi ngokuvamile akayinekezi eside isevisi noma ubuholi ukwazi nokufeza esivelele Motherland. Okokuqala, lesi sitatimende kuyinto ejwayelekile kwekhulu XX, lapho wathola isihloko abantu ngokoqobo amayunithi emhlabeni wonke. izimfanelo ezikhethekile, asitholakali njalo lempi kwahluka cishe yonke generalissimo. Uhlu edume kakhulu kubo kuzoxoxwa ngakho lokhu kubuyekezwa.

Imininingwane zomlando

Igama elithi "generalissimo" iyisiLatini ihumusha ngokuthi "abaluleke kakhulu empini." Kwaba njalo ngempela, phakathi naso sonke isikhathi impucuko womuntu ayikaze eliphakeme isikhundla kwezempi.

Ngokokuqala ngqá wanika isikhundla eliphakeme ngo-1569 iNkosi uCharles IX yeFrance, umfowabo, futhi kamuva angene esikhundleni sakhe sobukhosi futhi waziwa emhlabeni ngaphansi kwegama uHenry III. Nokho, ngaleso sikhathi yayingekho isihloko ngokushesha, futhi isihloko zokuhlonipha. Futhi insizwa nesishiyagalombili, ubani kwaba uHenry, kwakunzima ube ngesikhathi ukuxabana kakhulu empini.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihloko unikelwa emazweni ahlukahlukene, ngokuvamile ngaphandle systematization kwaba. Kwezinye izimo lokhu ngempela aphakeme okuthunyelwe ezempi, kanye nezinye - nje isihloko, abanye isimo eyabiwe elisezingeni ukuphila, kuyilapho abanye - kuphela isikhathi impi. Ngakho-ke akuyona ukuphela Generalissimo Ephakathi eyayigujwa nezempi.

Omunye generalissimos edume kakhulu kulesi sikhathi kwaba jikelele olukhulu wonke uMbuso Ongcwele WamaRoma, Albrecht von Wallenstein, eyaduma phakathi neMpi Yeminyaka Engamashumi Amathathu (1618 -. 1648 GG).

Futhi lokho eRussia?

ERussia elisezingeni generalissimo waqale wabelwa ngokusemthethweni umbusi Alexander Sergeyevich Shein Tsar uPetru mina e 1696 emva yesibili Azov mkhankaso.

Khona-ke, lesi sihloko zokuhlonipha waklonyeliswa Duke Alexander Danilovich Menshikov. Nokho, wahlala khona kuphela izinyanga ezimbalwa bese wakhunyulwa yesikhundla ayenaso, ewa umusa. Hhayi isikhathi eside kwaba ngo elisezingeni generalissimo uMbusi uJohn VI Russian uyise Anton Ulrich, okungukuthi kuze kokugumbuqelwa indodana yakhe. It salandelwa 1741.

Kodwa umnikazi edume kakhulu isihloko generalissimo eRussia lezwakala umholi omkhulu kunabo lempi, siye saba ngokuphindaphindiwe phezu-Turks and French Aleksandr vasilevich Suvorov (1730 -. 1800 GG). umkhankaso wakhe wodumo Italian yafika cishe zonke izincwadi ku isu lempi. Mhlawumbe, inombolo ukunqoba kwakhe kungaba nomona wonke generalissimo emhlabeni. Suvorov uhlu azifezile iyamangalisa ngempela.

Generalissimo kwekhulu XIX

XIX leminyaka wanikeza Umthala zabantu oluvelele ukhishwa kulesi sihloko. Cishe zonke generalissimo kwalesi sikhathi babe ojenene ezinkulu. Ukukhethwa mhlawumbe ukuthi iNkosana Angulemskiy Lyudovik, ngegama ngisho kwadingeka isikhathi imizuzu amabili ukuvakashela King of France.

Bonke abanye bonke ojenene, wazibonakalisa njengabafanelwe Generalissimo zomhlaba. Zibhaleni phansi Uthwesé owawina Bonaparte abadumile - British Duke Artur Uelsli Vellington. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sihloko wathola enjalo ojenene ezidumile, njengoba Austrian iNkosana Charles, Generalissimo of America Miguel Hidalgo, Prince Karl Philipp zu Schwarzenberg, Jikelele Napoleon Jean-Baptiste Zhyul Bernadot, waklonyeliswa eliphakeme isikhundla kwezempi njengeNkosi Carl XIV uJohan, lwaseBavaria Prince Karl filipp isizinda Verde.

Kodwa ngaphansi koMbuso isiRashiya, ngaphakathi spite of inqwaba izinduna Uyakufanelekela, akekho ekhulwini XIX awuzange ukhishwa isihloko Generalissimo.

generalissimo Omkhulu ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka

Ikhulu lamashumi amabili alethwe ukungqubuzana ezimbili ezinkulu emhlabeni wonke futhi abaningi izimpi zendawo. Lokhu kuye kwaholela militarization yamazwe amaningi, ngokuvamile kufanele umholi ophakeme wahlanganyela okuthunyelwe civil nakwezempi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Cishe zonke Generalissimo kwekhulu lama-20 babe yizinhloko isimo. Lezi zihlanganisa ezifana nosaziwayo khona nesikhundla sokuba umongameli eSoviet Union Iosif Stalin, owayengumongameli we-Republic of China Chan Kayshi, umashiqela Spanish Francisco Franco, inhloko DPRK Kim Iri Sen, nabanye. Ake sibheke Umlandvomphilo zabo, funda kabanzi kuka buphele futhi lokho ababekwenza generalissimo olukhulu emhlabeni. Izithombe Umlandvomphilo zabantu abadumile ethulwa ngezansi.

Sun Yat-sen - the generalissimo yokuqala yekhulu XX

Sun Yat-sen (1866 - 1925 GG.) - Isikhulu sikahulumeni, izinguquko kanye umholi we Republic of China. Yena yanikezelwa lesi sihloko ebaluleke phambi nezinye Generalissimo zomhlaba kwekhulu lama-20.

Kwaba Sun Yat-sen kwaba iyahola base-mbuso ka-Chinese Kuomintang Party. Phakathi emzabalazweni emva kwempi kwaketula kwamakhosi eChina, uhulumeni sekwakhiwe eningizimu. Sun Yat-sen okwakukulo ehhovisi eliphakeme - Generalissimo soMthetho woHulumeni Military ka wobandlululo China.

Kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe, walwa ngoba ubunye ezweni esimeni esisodwa yeningi, kodwa kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1925 uvinjelwe kuleli cala.

Chan Kayshi - UMengameli we Republic of China

Mhlawumbe edume kunazo Generalissimo Chinese kwekhulu XX kwaba Chan Kayshi (1887 - 1975 GG.).

Lokhu umholi elikhulu lempi sezombusazwe ngo-1933 wema oshayelayo we Kuomintang, empeleni wagijima ngaphezulu ngokushesha ngemva kokufa Sun Yat-sen. Nguye waphikelela ngokuthi ekuqaleni Northern Expedition ngo-1926, okuzokwenza kakhulu ukwandisa imingcele Republic of China phakathi nempi yombango. Ngo-1928, Chan Kayshi waba inhloko yalawa uhulumeni.

Ngo-1931 waqala ayehlasela Japanese of Manchuria, futhi ngo-1927 waphula impi evulekile, lapho Chan Kayshi wathatha ingxenye esebenzayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo yena yanikezelwa isihloko Generalissimo. Ngemva kokunqoba amabutho amaZwe Asizanayo elaseJapane phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ngo-China, kwaqubuka impi yombango phakathi abasekeli Kuomintang namaKhomanisi eholwa Mao Zedong. Chan Kayshi wahola ibutho lakhe wahlulwa kanye kwadingeka baleka Taiwan. Kukhona Kuomintang uhulumeni we Republic of China kwamiswa. Chan Kayshi wahlala umongameli we isimo kancane neyaziwayo kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1975.

Iosif Stalin - Umholi we-Soviet Union

Iosif Vissarionovich Stalin (Dzhugashvili) (1878 - 1953) -. Sezombusazwe Ezivelele, umbusi waseSoviet Union. Kwakungesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe, iSoviet Union ithole kuza ngentengo ukunqotshwa okukhulu eJalimane lobuNazi. Ukuze lokhu yena waklonyeliswa isihloko Generalissimo. Kwakuwusuku ngqa emlandweni wezwe kusukela esikhathini Suvorov.

Ukulandela ekunqobeni Okthoba Revolution, uStalin kwaba ubuholi eliphezulu kakhulu isimo abasha. Ngemva kokufa kukaLenin ayeyithole zibabuse alwa amandla engxenyeni 20s wesibili empeleni wayengumholi ematheni eSoviet Union.

Stalin bawaxosha inqubomgomo iye yabangela okuningi ezingqubuzanayo imicabango yabantu phakathi mlando ngenxa ukuqina yayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi - ubudlova, repressions mass. Futhi, nokho, yalokho abalulekile osekuzuziwe, ngokuthi iSoviet Union abavela emazweni kubhidlika ngemva umnotho impi yombango siguqulwe ngokushesha ibe amandla ezimbonini.

Stalin futhi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe

Ngokushesha ngemva okungazelelwe kuhlasela German phezu endaweni ye-USSR, kwaba sobala ukuthi ibutho laseSoviet wasondela ekulweni ungakulungele. amasosha kwamaNazi abangu wawanda ngokushesha, namabutho ethu emuva maphakathi nezwe, ngokuletha ukulahleka komuntu omkhulu. Wines e sekungavumi yebutho kakhulu uhlezi phezu uStalin.

Noma kunjalo, izindleko imizamo okukhulu iRed Army wakwazi ukuguqula isimo kweMpi Yezwe II, ungawujikijeli emuva isitha ngale kwemingcele yezwe, bese-Berlin.

Nalokhu futhi, kwaba impumelelo enkulu Iosifa Stalina njengenhloko yombuso futhi ophakeme nomyali. Naphezu ukwehluleka ezinyangeni zokuqala lapho yaze yaphela impi, wakwazi ukulawula isimo, akhethe okuhle isinqumo amasu ukuba ahlele amabutho. Ngenxa yalezi impumelelo, uStalin waklonyeliswa eliphakeme isikhundla kwezempi - Generalissimo. Lokhu isikhundla inikezwa kuye isinqumo of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR ngo-June 1945. isikhundla Military , wasidalula ngokuhlanganiswa ekumelaneni nombuso ubuholi, njengoba ngempela ngaleso sikhathi, kanye nabanye Generalissimo zomhlaba. Uhlu ukhishwa lokhu ezinegunya ezweni lethu ihlanganisa nje Iosif uStalin.

Francisco Franco - umashiqela of Spain

Francisco Franco (1892 - 1975 GG.) - omunye izibalo impikiswano kakhulu emlandweni wanamuhla. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, izenzo zakhe wamvumela ukuba ngibe usaziwayo hhayi ngaphansi kuka nezinye Generalissimo zomhlaba. Franco uhlu impumelelo kuyinto ngempela ibanzi futhi ihlanganisa kokubili izenzo okuhloswe Yiqiniso, ngokuba okuhle kwezwe Spain, futhi izinqumo womuntu ongabazisayo.

caudillo edumile emhlabeni wonke, njengoba kwavela ukuthi siyabahlonipha nangemva kokuba amandla, zitholwa ukuhlela ngo-1936 e umbuso wezempi e-Spain. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wathola isihloko Generalissimo. Lanqoba Republican e kulwiwa, ngokusekelwa eJalimane lobuNazi nasemakamu Italy undlovukayiphikiswa, waba cishe ukuphela kombusi Spain, ukumisela umbuso kobushiqela kuleli zwe.

Ngemva kokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II, Franco wathatha ohlangothini obambisene nabo, futhi sasizama ukugcina hlangothi, engivusa ngayo, njengasencwadini Umlando uye wabonisani, kwaba isinqumo esihlakaniphile kakhulu. Lokhu kwakumenza akwazi ukuthutha nokulondoloza amandla ngemva kuka-1945. Eqinisweni, wabusa Spain kwaze kwaba sekufeni kwakhe ngo-1975, nginikeza phezu ukuphathwa isimo King Juan Carlos I.

Ngakho, ekhulwini XX Franco wahlala amandla isikhathi eside kunanoma isiphi of Generalissimo zomhlaba. Zonke sibusa, ngokuhlanganisa aphakeme isimo nakwezempi izikhundla, engu-36 ubudala.

Kim Iri Sen - North umsunguli-Korean

Kim Iri Sen (1912 - 1994 GG.) - umholi wokuqala kanye umsunguli we-North Korea. isikhathi esichithwa ingabe kweliphezulu isikhundla kwezempi kwekhulu lama-20, ngaphansi kuka yonke generalissimo zomhlaba - nje iminyaka kancane engaphezu kwemibili.

Kim Iri Sen wazalwa ngo Korea ngo-1912. Umlando wakhe luselude zokuphikisana, nakuba izimfihlo ethile yayimiswe ngokwaphezulu zimbozwe cishe yonke generalissimo zomhlaba. Amagama ngokuhamba imisebenzi yakhe wamavukelambuso Kim Iri Sen washintsha kaningi, nakuba ngokuzalwa wayengumuntu Kim Iculo Ju.

Ngo-1945, Kim Iri Sen baba usihlalo iCommunist Party of Korea, futhi kusukela ngonyaka ozayo - inhloko isimo entsha ye-Korean Yabantu Democratic Republic. Esikhathini 50s ke kwaqubuka impi ukuhlukumezana South Korea, kusekelwa-United States. Kodwa, eqinisweni, ekulweni akazange alethe umuntu inzuzo eziphathekayo. Impi yaphela ngaphandle clear winner.

Ngemva kwalokho, Kim Iri Sen sigxile ezindabeni yasekhaya. umbuso wakhe eyayigqoke izici eliqhakazile authoritarianism nobuntu ihlelo. Ngo-1992, eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, Kim Il Sung waklonyeliswa isihloko Generalissimo.

Generalissimo: indima zomlando

indima zomlando, cishe kuwo wonke umuntu oyedwa ovelele eyayinecilongo eliphakeme isikhundla kwezempi, kunzima overestimate. Umnikelo kulenkhulu uye umlando wenza cishe zonke Generalissimo zomhlaba. Bhala ngokunqoba kwabo nokufeza atholakala kunoma iyiphi ebhukwinitifundvo kumlando. Futhi ukukhunjulwa kwabo sidlulile ngomlomo.

Futhi lokhu akumangalisi, ngoba inkazimulo yezempi kahulumeni impumelelo kukodwa isikhumbuzo lezo zibalo abadumile yomlando generalissimo zomhlaba. Amagama Suvorov, Wallenstein, Menshikov, Sun Yat-sen, uStalin, Kim Il Sung, nezinye izibalo owaziwa uyohlale yingxenye yomlando.