Counterbattery esiteshini uhla olude, ikhono lawo

Ngoba ukuthola isitha labadubuli izikhundla esetshenziswa counterbattery esiteshini radar. Ngosizo lwabo, ekhiqizwa notch futhi ukukhomba izixhumanisi isitha amabhethri, izinhlamvu nokuthola izindawo ukulungiswa isibhamu wezikhali siqu. Umgomo we operation kutfola wezikhali amagobolondo lapho besanda kuqala ngesikhathi indiza, resection eziningana amalungiselelo ezicitshwayo noma ezimayini ukunquma trajectory. Kuphenywe arc futhi ukucutshungulwa idatha kusivumela ukubala ukufakwa indawo isitha labadubuli amaphuzu kanye nokuchaza injongo ekubhujisweni ekamu yabo.

Resection isitha sokudubula amaphuzu ziskenwa usebenzisa isikhala ugongolo lalingabonakali emkhathizwe, ukwakha isithiyo. Emva isignali ukubuya esiteshini counterbattery poslezhivaet ukunyakaza bamatshe ngesikhathi ukuze kunqunywe trajectory esiqondile munition. Ngokuqhathanisa izixhumanisi etholakale kanye trajectory ukubeka izindawo ukuthola iphuzu wezikhali projectile uwela. Uhlobo projectile osezingeni futhi igama esiteshini umlilo ngokuzenzakalela, amasayizi ecacisiwe kokunqotshwa iphuzu amandla aso nesihlalo ibhetri cishe ngezigaba usongo olukhulu.

Ezimweni zanamuhla counterbattery esiteshini uhla enkulu ematfuba uhla 2-4.5 futhi 10-121 Hz. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba indiva iphuzu nosimende labadubuli at ibanga amakhilomitha 30, wezikhali izikhundla ngesikhathi ibanga amakhilomitha 50, futhi missile iziqhumane usukela for 80 amakhilomitha.

Lokho kuyingxenye esiteshini?

Radar ifakwe usebenze nemibandela impi:

• uhlelo antenna;
• ama-apharathasi izocubungulwa sithole idatha;
• ama-apharathasi ukuthola bese bedlulisela amasignali;
• idivayisi ngokudlulisa ulwazi;
• amapayipi supply.

Radar antenna kuthiwa counterbattery emelela Planar ikhishiwe afanayo antenna (PAR) ijamo unxande. Iskena electron imishayo kwenzeka, emkhakheni wayo landiswa 90º. Umklamo afanayo ikhishiwe ukuba ibukwe lula bacondze etindzaweni letehlukene igibele platform rotary yesenzo.

Amadivayisi axhunyiwe ukusebenza ulwazi nokuhlakanipha ezibekwe iziqukathi evulekile ukuthi ibekwe amasondo noma amathrekhi izimoto self ezinezinjini. Layisha umthamo kuyivumela ukuba baphathe amathani angaphezu kwayisihlanu. Ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza kahle izitshalo emkhakheni njalo nokuthuthukela kwabo, okungukuthi ukuthuthukiswa futhi isicelo software sezihambile computer ugibelile.

I indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa ukwethulwa ezintsha izimali Modular kanye nokuqaliswa olunembile uhlelo ebhekisela sezwe. Uhlelo entsha ivumela ugibelile navigation ngesikhathi kuthuthwa ukucacisa isikhundla yabo endaweni futhi Orient antenna ukukhomba amaphuzu isitha labadubuli nge ukunemba enkulu.

Izinzuzo iziteshi intelligence

Iziteshi Counterbattery zenzelwe futhi ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza kokuzibandakanya emkhakheni futhi benezingane eziningi izakhi omuhle evumela ukuthuthukisa kule ndawo:

• Ziyakwazi kudivayisi ezokuthutha mobile kubafuni kwesimo endaweni;
• Iziteshi labo abazokwazi ukubukwa izindawo ezinkulu olude limile;
• ukuqoqa idatha ku amaphuzu isitha labadubuli kakhulu ngokunembile ngesikhathi sangempela;
• Isebenza ngokuzimela sezulu kanye nesikhathi;
• Liveza ukulungela okusezingeni eliphezulu kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yosuku.

Ngisho noma isitha kungathola counterbattery esiteshini buqamama kokweqa uhla amadivayisi ukuhlola ngokwabo, izinzuzo okukhulunywe ngazo ngenhla ukunikeza zibheke ekusebenziseni kwabo ukucacisa amaphuzu isitha labadubuli, okungukuthi esisheshayo Salvo izinhlelo wezikhali nodaka.

radar esiphikisayo ibhethri "Zoo-1"

Counterbattery uhlelo esiteshini Russian radar inikeza Grau 1L219M, ukubizwa ngokuthi "Zoo-1." Iziqalisi esiteshini wenza indawo Tactical kwesimo endaweni kweminsalo, izinhlelo anti-aircraft, missile izikhundla kanye wezikhali isibhamu emplacements, izikhundla nosimende ukufakwa MRL abaphikisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izisebenzi esiteshini sinquma indlela indiza lesitha bukhoma nezinhlamvu, imicibisholo, futhi kuyasiza ulungise isiqondiso futhi uhla izibhamu zabo, ukulawula wezasemoyeni endaweni inikezwe, ukuqapha amadivaysi unmanned.

indaba

Qala ukuklama umsakazo iziteshi edluliselwe counterbattery "Zoo" ukubeka Eighties kwekhulu elidlule ukuba esikhundleni wamanje radar uhlelo ARC-1, wazakhela eyishumi ngaphambili. Kubekwe ukufakwa entsha ngesisekelo ugandaganda, njengasekuqaleni ukusebenzisa ARC obanika ukubukeka okufana ngaso. Amabili "Iskra" socwaningo kanye "Strela" wadala ukufakwa yakamuva. Ngemva kokubhujiswa kwe-Union, kulezi zinhlangano bazithola ezinhlangothini ezahlukene emngceleni.

"Iskra" iqembu baqhubeka nomsebenzi walo e-Ukraine phezu sesimanje nokudalwa eziyinkimbinkimbi "Zoo-2" ngaphansi kophawu 1L 220 L, wagqoka chassis ngamunye kanye nekhono ukuthola ilitshe phezu trajectory eside ngokuncane-bandwidth isici. Tula Research Institute ukufakwa ethuthukisiwe "Zoo-1", zokuxhumana ngcono futhi ubuyekeze uhlelo.

Ngokokuqala ngqá i esiteshini eziphambili yanyatheliswa ngo-2002, ngemva kokubhala isivivinyo empini iyunithi izakhiwo bathunyelwa ngo-2004. Ukuhlolwa yaphela ngemva kweminyaka emine futhi ngo-2008 bafakwa ukungenela inkonzo yezempi Russian. Okwamanje, i-battery wezikhali intelligence nokuphathwa ngempela kuhlanganisa uhlelo radar.

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana "Zoo-1" esiteshini

Counterbattery esiteshini kokulandela ngesikhathi esifanayo ukulawula umlilo ku-75 efakwe wezikhali izikhundla kanye unikeze idatha indawo yabo ngaphakathi 15-20 imizuzwana yokuqala ngemva ingacaci. Isakhiwo kuhambisana kufika ku-12 nga projectiles zindiza, ngenkathi ixhumana iphoyinti lokulawula ngesimo electronic. Isiteshi komkhondo amaphuzu isitha labadubuli:

• ezigqulweni osezingeni kuze kube 120 mm at ibanga 22 km;
• izibhamu 155 mm - kuze kube km 20;
• MRL osezingeni kuze kube 240 mm - kuze kube km 35;
• indawo ezicitshwayo Tactical - kuze kufinyelele 40 km.

Isiteshi counterbattery elawulwa indiza ka unmanned izimoto zasemoyeni , futhi ilawula ukuhamba nezinye imishini emoyeni emkhakheni umbono. Isakhiwo nje awukho ngokushesha, njengoba kudingwa ngamagoli resection esifushane ngemisebe.

Ngenxa yale njongo, umklamo ibhethri usebenzisa izinsimbi zomculo kabusha yesikhashana frequencies ekhona nokuqeda umsakazo ukuphazamiseka, ngokungafani kuya esiteshini counterbattery umsindo enziwe eMelika anobudlova singasuki kinid ngokucophelela. Crew ngaphakathi esiteshini ivikelwe zempi ezivela zezibhamu eziyingozi.

Lokho ingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi "Zoo-1"?

Ukufakwa kuyinto armored zilandelwa ugandaganda MT-LBU nge esiphithiphithini. Ngezinye kwesisekelo salo zitholakala:

• kudivayisi radar;
• inkonzo node;
• ukulungisa ikhithi nokuguqulwa yemoto Ural;
• trailed mobile amandla afinyelela ku 30 kW;
• amadivaysi ezizimele orientation emkhakheni.

Izici Kobuchwepheshe Russian radar esiteshini

Sebenzisa counterbattery izithombe esiteshini abekwe ngezansi, kulungile, kusukela izici ingaqalisa ngokuphumelelayo endaweni front-line:

• nezisebenzi, ngaphandle kokushiya imoto, iyakunqanda esiteshini imizuzu emihlanu;
• ukunyakaza wenziwa ngesivinini esiphezulu amakhilomitha 60 ngehora;
• wathola amanzi izithiyo unqobe ukubhukuda kulokulukhuni
• Abakhasi ugandaganda siphela kunoma yimuphi umgwaqo;
• ithangi egcwele egcwele ikuvumela ukushayela 500 km ngaphandle fuel okufakiwe;
• esiteshini asebenza bekhwela izintaba ukuze amamitha ayizinkulungwane 3 ngaphezu kolwandle .;
• ngesikhathi ukusebenza okugcwele ngeke kuthinte imvula, uthuli ukusakazwa ipheshulwa umoya onamandla;
• ongaphandle lokushisa lebanga ukusuka - 47 kuya + 50 ° C;
• kulula ukuthutha zonke izinhlobo emhlabeni, emoyeni kanye ezokuthutha amanzi;
• Linikeza ukulawula ngokuzenzakalela futhi benezincwadi ezimele kagesi;
• iqembu ukusebenza endaweni ukhululekile;
• okuzenzakalelayo ukuqapha isimo yokusebenza kanye ukulimala kungenza ngokushesha kungaholela eziyinkimbinkimbi zokusebenza.

Inxanxathela AN / TPQ-36

Isiteshi counterbattery TPQ-36 yakhelwe by US izinkampani ezempi kanye ukuzivikela ukuhlonza izindawo isitha nosimende izikhundla, wezikhali izibhamu kanye iziqhumane. amadivaysi eziyinkimbinkimbi ubekwe imoto base "Hammer" kokuthi permeability sithuthukiswe ku zonke izinhlobo imigwaqo. Ukusevisa iqembu esiteshini ezine kunikezelwe.

Inxanxathela ukulawula radar AN / TPQ-37

ngezindlela eziningi sifana ibhethri counterbattery esiteshini TPQ-36, kodwa kumadivayisi zitholakala kule ugandaganda nanhlanu ton sesondlo eyinkimbinkimbi kudinga fighters 6 kuya kwezingu-8. Isakhiwo ibhethri ingena ngokuzenzakalela indawo zokusebenza opharetha, okuyinto ihlola cishe 100 Okuqondiwe isitha emamebheni electronic. Eziteshini e 2012 igcwaliswe esigabeni lokugcina ngcono, okwenza ukuba ukunweba ekusebenziseni kwazo e-US Army kuze 2020. Yesimanje wathinta control, navigation, izinhlelo ze-computer ziye olusha, ukusebenza anda amakhompyutha ababegibele eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Ukuphikisa ibhethri radar AN / TPQ-53

Kulesi siteshi esisha kancane kancane esikhundleni esiteshini ubudala counterbattery amasampula US. izakhiwo okusha kukhona mobile ngaphezulu ukuthunyelwa, ukunikezela, bathola amaphuzu isitha labadubuli at ibanga-60 km, ohlelweni ukuma isidlulile eziningana ngcono. Generator udizili uhlobo, etholakala kwi-trailer inikeza iqembu ugesi ezine adingekayo ukusebenza.

umsebenzi yomjaho kwenziwa ama-computers amabili, enye yazo asegunjini hardware, omunye ifakwe cab imoto epulazini lukamakhalekhukhwini. Kungenzeka ukulawula amadivayisi kusukela ibanga-1 km emgqeni umsakazo. Ukuyisa isiteshi ukusebenzisa yokulwa isikhundla esithwala izindiza uhlobo C-17. Lezi counterbattery iziteshi US, izithombe okuyinto ungabona esithombeni, uzosusa ekhona post-2020.

Ibeka esiteshini ephathekayo AN / TPQ-48 / -49

US Army Ibhethri kufika ngo-2000, lwenzelwe ngokuhlanganyela izinkampani ezimbili zesayensi nezempi. Injongo ilungiselelo yayiwukuvikela amabutho expeditionary, ukuthuthela kwelinye izwe uthi ngomlilo nasekwenzeni rocket ezinezinjini ezindizayo nezinhlamvu. Ngezenzo esetshenziswa ukulwa imisebenzi eMpumalanga Ephakathi. izimo eziningi ngesimo usizo lempi zazidilivwa ibutho Ukraine.

Isakhiwo kuhlanganisa:

• idivayisi ukuthola bese bedlulisela antenna ifakwe;
• digital processing unit waveforms;
• ikhompyutha usayizi encane;
• mobile amandla umthombo.

Ethwele esiteshini iphuma wabekwa amapotimende amabili akhethekile, athuthwe imoto kufezeke kalula.

cobra radar

Ukuthuthukiswa imishini radar ukuthatha Consortium ngo-1998, ibhetri enkonzweni namathimba ensimini eJalimane, Turkey, eNgilandi, eFrance kanye Emirates. Technical idatha esiteshini ikwazi ukubona inhlansi zokusebenza okwamanje olulodwa ngaphezu imigomo engamakhulu zisakazwe emhlabathini. Ngemva 2020 NATO ibutho uzothola amabhethri entsha definition omude isitha labadubuli amaphuzu kanye nokudidiyela anda ngaphakathi ukuhlaselwa kwabo.

Zonke izinto zokusebenza libuthene ebhokisini ejwayelekile. izindonga esitsheni zakhiwe ngezinto eziqinile ukuze azivikele okuseceleni okubukhali ngokudubula. Isiteji antenna uzungeza e noma isiqondiso, lapho abathwele eligoqiwe ubumbene. Ibalazwe electronic endaweni kubonakala ezimbili ezifanayo PC izikrini nge obuhlukahlukene idatha indawo amaphuzu. Ukuze usebenze esiteshini opharetha ezimbili kuphela. I-radar zemisebenzi cobra:

• Wezikhali uhla ukuthola ngempumelelo 20 km;
• izinhlamvu ukukhomba jet at ibanga 50 km;
• esiteshini asebenza yokusebenza ibanga 4-8 GHz;
• lo azimuth engela 270º;
• Ukudidiyela ukubala ukunemba luphakathi basukela 0.35 0.5% ububanzi;
• ukufakwa esimweni sokusebenza kanye coagulation ngokuba dislocation imayelana 5 imizuzu;
• ukuze bafeze imisebenzi opharetha lempi ezimbili kuphela.

Isiteshi counterbattery Arthur

Ukuthuthukiswa version ephathekayo ye-radar kwenziwe yi ehamba phambili izinkampani ezimbili lwebutho Sweden and Norway. Inzalo okuholela inezici eziphambili futhi inikeza izinga ukuthola in imvelo of 180 kuya kwangu-600-degree elilodwa ngomzuzwana. imishini esiteshini ngokuphelele bavikelekile isinyathelo kweminsalo protivolokatsionnogo njengoba diagrammatic ugongolo iphelela ngezansi ukuphakama kuyanda Bangababambi. Ngoba ukuthola esiteshini target kwanele ukufaka emisebeni imizuzu embalwa.

Sweden uyaqhubeka yokucwaningwa ukuthuthukiswa ukudala izimoto izindawo nge grid eziphambili. Isiteshi sizila ucwaningo, ukwandisa isibalo imisebenzi, ukuphathwa ngokuzenzakalela. Ukuze esisodwa salezi radars zihlanganisa indlulamithi, amandla luyanda kabili, esiteshini amathrekhi inani elikhulu okuhloswe.

Impilo yebhethri e X-band ukuze ukwakha ishadi sebuningini ngemishayo isikhala scan kanye engeli azimuth imikhakha 270 futhi 70º. Sibutsetelo emjikelezweni kukhona Ukujikeleza platform. Isiteshi usebenza at ibanga km 50. Ngu imishini yempi kunconywa ukuze uthumele kuze kube amasampula 2018 lamazwe anentshisekelo eNgilandi, eJalimane nase-United States.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi impi esiteshini counterbattery ukukhombisa ukusebenza onokwethenjelwa futhi enze yonke imisebenzi ayinikiwe kubo. Ngemva 2020 ngekucikelela inkonzo izinhlelo yesimanje kuzovumela ngokunembile futhi ngokunembile ukunquma indawo isitha labadubuli amaphuzu, ngesikhathi esifanayo ukuthola ibanga iba yinde, okuzokwenza ukwandisa ukusebenza lokulwa esiphikisayo ibhethri.