Goran Hadzic, a Croatian abangamaSerbia sezombusazwe Umsuka: Biography

Goran Hadzic (September 7, 1958 - Julayi 12, 2016) kwaba uMongameli weRiphabhulikhi Serbian Krajina phakathi nempi phakathi Serbia futhi Croatia. I-International Criminal Tribunal for elaliyiYugoslavia wamthola obugebengu aphambene nobuntu kanye nokwephula imithetho namasiko impi.

Hadzic icala nane ibala. Wamangalelwa ngokuvukela ukuhileleka "ukudingiswa noma ngempoqo ukudluliselwa amashumi ezinkulungwane Croat kanye nabantu abavamile-non-Serb." Lezi zenzo eyenzeke Croatia esikhathini kusuka June 1991 kuya kuDisemba 1993; kunombolo baphinde ngokungemthetho siqukethe abangu-20 000 ukusuka edolobheni baseVukovar. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Hadzic usolwa ngokunukubeza usebenzisa umsebenzi ophoqelelwe iziboshwa, kuqothulwe amakhulu ngamakhulu abantu amaningi amadolobha Croatian nasemizaneni, kuhlanganise Vukovar, kanye nokushaywa, ukuhlukumeza lokubulala iziboshwa.

Hadzic kuyinto isikhathi eside kunezinye abamangalelwa esimweni ecashele Tribunal: iziphathimandla Serbian akwazi ukubamba kuphela July 20, 2011. Icala wayeka ngo-2014 ngenxa yokuthi ummangalelwa ukuthi unomdlavuza wobuchopho.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Hadzic wazalelwa edolobhaneni Pachetine, eCroatia, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyingxenye ye-SFRY. Phakathi ebusheni bakhe bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye uyilungu elisebenzayo "Union of amaKhomanisi eYugoslavia." Ngaphambi Croatian neMpi Hadzic wasebenza njengoba umnikazi wesitolo, futhi yaziwa ngokuthi umholi omphakathi abangamaSerbia e Pachetine. Entwasahlobo ka-1990 wakhethwa ukuba edolobheni leKomiti baseVukovar nommeleli "Union of amaKhomanisi yokushintsha yeningi."

Juni 10, 1990 ku-internet Goran Hadzhich bajoyine Serbian Democratic Party (SDS), futhi ngemva kwesikhashana baba usihlalo we ihhovisi layo legatsha e baseVukovar. Ngo-March 1991 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile usihlalo wedolobha iKomiti Vukovar, futhi ilungu lekomidi eliphezulu futhi induna Serbian Democratic Party Knin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wakhonza njengephayona uSihlalo weKomiti we Party Yesifunda umholi we abangamaSerbia Democratic Forum ezindaweni Eastern ESlavonia, Baranja naseNtshonalanga Srem.

impi Croatian

Goran Hadzic wahileleka ngokuqondile kulesi sigameko ngesikhathi Plitvice Lakes, okuvela kulo ekupheleni March 1991 kwagqashuka impi phakathi Croatian Army futhi Amayunithi Serbian Krajina. Juni 25, 1991 amaSerbia kusukela ezifundeni Eastern ESlavonia, Baranja naseNtshonalanga Srem labetibambile Congress, wanquma ukusungula BaseSerbia Autonomous Region (i Sao) uphinde uphume eRiphabhlikhi Croatia, kuyilapho ingxenye eYugoslavia. Hadzic eyayizoba inhloko yokuzimela uhulumeni.

Februwari 26, 1992 kuya Srpska Krajina wajoyina ezindaweni ezimbili Western ESlavonia. Ngesikhathi, Goran Hadzic, Milan Babić salandelwa waba inhloko entsha ye-republic alibonwa. Babić waxoshwa ngenxa yokuthi wayemelene Vance uhlelo ukuthula, ngakho zimoshekile ubuhlobo bakhe Milosevic. Ngokusho kwemibiko, Hadzic waqhosha ngokuthi kuyinto "isithunywa Slobodan Milosevic." Wabamba isikhundla esiphezulu uDisemba 1993.

Ngo-September 1993, lapho Croatia umkhankaso i-Operation "Medaksky ephaketheni", uMongameli WeRiphabhulikhi Serbian Krajina e Belgrade Uthumele isicelo esiphuthumayo, benethemba lokuthola ukusekelwa, izikhali kanye nemishini. Iziphathimandla Serbian indiva isicelo, kodwa iqembu elilwayo ababebalelwa abantu mayelana 4,000 (abangamaSerbia Zinikele Guard) iphansi kwesandla sika-Zhelko Razhnatovicha ngelika Arkan layilamula we-Serbian Krajina Army. Hadzic wokubusa wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngu-February 1994, lapho umongameli Croatian sezombusazwe abangamaSerbia Milan Martic umsuka likhethiwe.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa "Storm" ngo-Agasti 1995, i-RSK ibutho amayunithi e-Eastern ESlavonia wasala ngaphandle uhulumeni ukulawula indawo eCroatia. Kusukela ngo-1996 kuya ku-1997, Hadzic wayeyinhloko endaweni Srem-Baranja, ngemva kwalokho esifundeni eyabuyiswa ngokuthula ku Croatia ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko Isivumelwano Erdut. Ngemva kwalokho Hadzic wathutha eSerbia. Ngo-2000, e Belgrade, yena emngcwabeni Zhelko Razhnatovicha (Arkan), futhi wathi ngenhlonipho kakhulu ngabaningi ngalo muntu, embiza ngokuthi iqhawe.

Amacala amacala impi ngesikhathi sempi Croatia

enkantolo Croatian yicala engekho Hadzic ngamacala amabili: ngo-1995, i-Ukuhlaselwa rocket imizi Sibenik futhi Vodice, wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-20 ebhadla ejele; ngo-1999 ngamacala impi e Tene wanezela eminye iminyaka engu-20 ebhadla ejele. Kamuva, Hadzic wenza uhlu ngababaleki ayeyifuna kakhulu yi-Interpol.

Ngo-2002, ihhovisi lomshushisi eCroatia ukubeka phambili esinye icala Hadzic, abameleli okuthiwa "baseVukovar ezintathu" (Veselin Sljivancanin, Mile Mrkšić futhi Miroslav Radic), kanye izikhulu eziphezulu ze-zaseYugoslavia Yabantu Army. Basuke kubhekwe icala lokubulala cishe 1,300 eCroatia ngo Vukovar, Osijek, Vinkovci, County namanye zasemakhaya.

I-International Criminal Tribunal for elaliyiYugoslavia

Juni 4, 2004 I-International Criminal Tribunal for elaliyiYugoslavia (ICTY) Hadzic futhi alahlwe ngamacala impi.

Wabekwa icala ukuhileleka ibala 14 amacala nempi ezihlobene acwaninge lokhu okuthiwa ukuphikisana ukudingiswa ngenkani, futhi ukubulala ezinkulungwane izakhamuzi Croatia esikhathini kusuka ngo-1991 kuya 1993 Wabekwa icala lokubulala 250 eCroatia esibhedlela baseVukovar ngo-1991; ubugebengu e Dali, Erdut futhi Lovas; iqhaza ukudalwa emakamu okuhlushwa Stajićevo, Torak futhi Sremska Mitrovica; kanye ukubhujiswa ngokungacabangeli emakhaya kanye izikhumbuzo zenkolo namasiko.

indiza

Ngo nje kwamasonto ambalwa ngithole ngaphambi kokuba aboshwe Hadzic wanyamalala ekhaya lakhe e Novi Sadu. Ngo-2005, abezindaba Serbian libike ukuthi ayecashe i sezindela Orthodox naseMontenegro. Nenad Chanak, umholi we-Social Democratic League of Vojvodina, amangalelwe 2006 ukuthi Hadzic ecasha wezindela endaweni ethile Frushskoy entabeni eSerbia. Ngesinye isikhathi kwakukhona amahemuhemu ukuthi kungenzeka endaweni ethile e Belarus.

Ngo-October 2007, uMkhandlu uhulumeni waseSerbia analo National Security ahlinzekwa ayizinkulungwane 250. Euro ukuze uthole ulwazi ezosisiza ukuba ziyobopha Hadzic. Ngo-2010, inani isinxephezelo senyuselwa $ 1.4 million. Okthoba 9, 2009, amaphoyisa Serbian agasele kulo muzi Hadzic ashaqa ezinye izinto zakhe, kodwa asizange izitatimende.

Ngemuva kokuboshwa futhi ayiswe ka Ratko Mladic, le penultimate amacala impi nombaleki, EU aqhubeka ukufuna njalo ayiswe ka Hadzic, uma sikubeka phambi kwenkantolo. It wagcizelela ukuthi nakuba ebaleka, Serbia awukwazi ukubala on rapprochement ne-EU.

ukubopha

Julayi 20, 2011-Serbian uMongameli Boris Tadić yamemezela ukuboshwa Hadzic, wanezezela ngokuthi lolu ukuboshwa uzogcwalisa "isahluko kunzima" emlandweni lapho kulwiwa namaSerbia.

Amaphoyisa athole lo mbaleki eduze Krushedol emzaneni esisogwini emthambekeni yokhalo Frushskogo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi lokhu kuyinto ayekuyo ngaso sonke isikhathi emva ICTY babamangalela ngamacala. Ukuthola ukuphi ukuba abaphenyi wasiza Umdwebo zebiwe Modigliani. Hadzic wabanjwa ngemuva kokuzama ukuwudayisa.

Ngesikhathi eboshwa Goran Hadzic wayengowokugcina ummangalelwa, okwakuthiwa avele ngaphambi ICTY. Ngemva nokuvalelwa waqala ikhomishana ayiswe, futhi ngokushesha inkantolo ekhethekile yathola ukuthi zonke izimfanelo for the Ukukhishwa Hadzic ukuze The Hague wahlangana.

ukuphendula

Hadzic banyamalala khona ngemva kokuthathwa ebambekile yetincabhayi ngendlela rapprochement Serbia sika ne-EU, kanye namaphephandaba kanjani Western wabhala ukuthi kuleli zwe kugcwalise ukufezakalisa iimbopho Tribunal ngamazwe. Abaholi EU ilungu uthi uhalalisele ubuholi Serbian, ukushaya ukuboshwa uphawu ukulungela baseSerbia ukuba "ikusasa European kangcono." UNgqongqoshe wezangaPhandle Dutch Uri Rosenthal wathi kokuboshwa kanje: "Esinye isinyathelo esihle sokwenza ngemuva kokuboshwa Mladic, siye utshele amaSerbia ukuthi manje konke kuncike kubo, ukuthi kufanele isinyathelo sokugcina futhi ukubamba Hadzic Futhi lokhu .. Kwasekusithi. Serbia kumelwe nokuvikela amalungelo wobuntu, alwe nenkohlakalo nokukhwabanisa, ukulungisa umnotho kanye ... abambisane International Criminal Tribunal for elaliyiYugoslavia. iphuzu lokugcina sezisebenza. "

Mayelana ukhiye elandelayo wakhuluma ngesimo ukuboshwa Russian Ministry Foreign: "Goran Hadzic kumele waquliswa necala umgomo nokungakhethi, futhi kunjalo akufanele isetshenziswe ukuze eyayenziwe ukubambezeleka ICTY."

ayiswe

Ngo-July 22, kuNgqongqoshe Wezobulungiswa Snezana Malovic kushiwo ukuthi ummangalelwa ethunyelwe The Hague ebhanoyini elincane "Cessna". Ngaphambi kokuhamba Hadzic wavunyelwa ukuba uvakashele noninazala ogulayo, inkosikazi, indodana, nodadewethu, bese ngaphansi wokugada we jeeps futhi amaphoyisa izimoto, yasishiya esikhungweni avelelwe izigebengu impi futhi uqale waya Novi Sad bese eBelgrade Nikola Tesla Airport okuthiwa. Uhulumeni Croatian ke wayala Ihhovisi lakhe le-Attorney General kanye Ministry of Justice ukuthatha zonke izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze sifinyelele nokudluliswa icala Croatia Hadzic, ngakho wathi, futhi ezinye izenzo ezimbi okuyiwona umangalelwa kulelizwe. Kukhona inguqulo ukuthi uHulumeni Croatian ungathanda ukwenza ezimbili Hadzic ukukhonza isigwebo yena wayeke ligwetshwe engekho yinkantolo Croatian.

Ukulahlwa nokufa

Ukufunda amacala ngaphambi ICTY senzeka 25 Julayi futhi yathatha imizuzu engu-15. Goran wenqaba ukulivuma icala noma iliphi icala eliphathelene ezihlobene impi eCroatia. Tribunal ummeli esimisiwe uVladimir Petrovich wathi Hadzic wayengahlosile aphendule amacala ngokushesha futhi kwenzekani nokusebenzisa amalungelo ngokuchuma kwakhe.

Hadzic ulivumile icala futhi 24 Agasti, ngesikhathi evela okwesibili phambi kwenkantolo cha. Abashushisi yamemezela inhloso yabo ukubiza ofakazi 141, kuhlanganise ochwepheshe eziyisikhombisa. Kwathiwa yamemezela ukuthi ubufakazi ethathwe ofakazi, asibhozo anamibini amabili okungesokuthuthukisa uzovela phambi kwenkantolo. imibiko ngemibuzo asele abantu mathandathu anamihlanu, anamibini banikezwe ezizakuba bufakazi, okwathi ngemva kwalokho ukuzivikela waba nethuba ngemibuzo.

Sekukonke, abashushisi baye bathola 185 amahora ngemibuzo ofakazi kanye nochwepheshe. Ukuqulwa kwecala kwaqala October 16, 2012. Ngo-November 2013, lapho kuqulwa ugoqe izethulo zawo, futhi ngo-February 2014 inkantolo sichithiwe lesi sikhalazo sifakwe yi Hadzic sokuzibonakalisa elungile. Sicelosikhalo Kusolakala ukuthi umshushisi akazange anikeze ubufakazi obanele ngecala.

Ngo-November 2014 at Hadzic umdlavuza ubuchopho inoperable itholiwe. Icala imisiwe kusukela ummangalelwa akakwazanga iqhaza kuwo ngenxa yemiphumela emibi yokwelashwa. ihhovisi lomshushisi wafuna inqubo ukuze uqhubeke akhe ngabikho kodwa akukho isinqumo ngalolu daba sathathwa. Ngo-April 2015 inkantolo yayalela ukukhululwa lwesikhashana Hadzic bese uthumela eSerbia. Goran Hadzic, wabulawa umdlavuza 12 Julayi, 2016.